[33] Ed. Guessard et Grandmaison. Paris, 1860.
[34] Ed. Michelant. Stuttgart, 1862.
[35] Ed. Michel. Paris, 1839.
[36] Ed. Schéler. Brussels, 1874.
[37] Ed. Pey. Paris, 1859.
[38] Ed. Tarbé. Rheims, 1850.
[39] Ed. Michel. London, 1836.
[40] It is very commonly said that this feature is confined to the later Chansons. This is scarcely the fact, unless by 'later' we are to understand all except Roland. In Roland itself the presentment is by no means wholly complimentary.
[41] The Turoldus of Roland has been already noticed. Of certain or tolerably certain authors, Graindor de Douai (revisions of the early crusading Chansons of 'Richard the Pilgrim,' Antioche, &c.), Jean de Flagy (Garin), Bodel (Les Saisnes), and Adenès le Roi, a fertile author or adapter of the thirteenth century, are the most noted.
[42] Ferabras and Betonnet d'Hanstone. M. Paul Meyer has recently edited this latter poem under the title of Daurel et Beton (Paris, 1880). To these should be added a fragment, Aigar et Maurin, which seems to rank with Girartz.