Buried Cities and Bible Countries

by George St. Clair

GEORGE ST CLAIR, F.G.S.

MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY OF BIBLICAL ARCHÆOLOGY;
MEMBER OF THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, AND TEN YEARS LECTURER
FOR THE PALESTINE EXPLORATION FUND.

SECOND EDITION

LONDON
KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRÜBNER & CO. Ltd.

IMPORTED BY
THOMAS WHITTAKER
2 & 3 BIBLE HOUSE
NEW YORK

CONTENTS.

CHAP.			PAGE
	Preface		[9]
I.	Egypt and the Bible—
	1.	The Rosetta Stone. Decipherment of the Egyptian Hieroglyphs	[11]
	2.	Kings and Dynasties of Egypt	[16]
	3.	The Finding of the Mummies	[19]
	4.	Egyptians in Palestine before the Exodus. Wars with the Hittites	[27]
	5.	Semites in Egypt before the Oppression. The Tell-el-Amarna Tablets	[40]
	6.	Israel in Egypt	[47]
	7.	Buried Cities	[54]
	8.	Biblical Sites in Egypt	[57]
	9.	The Route of the Exodus	[76]
	10.	The Wilderness Wanderings	[81]
II.	Palestine Exploration—
	1.	Palestine generally	[86]
	2.	Physical Features of Palestine	[88]
	3.	The Dead Sea	[99]
	4.	The Cities of the Plain	[104]
	5.	“Lot’s Wife”	[112]
	6.	The Natural History of Palestine, as dependent on its Physical Geography	[114]
	7.	The Topographical Survey of Western Palestine	[121]
	8.	Israel’s Wars and Worship considered in connectionwith the Physical Features of the Country—TheConquest and Wars	[125]
	9.	The Sacred Sites	[161]
	10.	The Method of the Survey, and Incidents of the Work	[171]
	11.	The East of Jordan	[183]
III.	Jerusalem—		[203]
	1.	The City as it is	[204]
	2.	The Sieges of the City and Fortunes of its Walls	[220]
	3.	Excavations in Jerusalem	[227]
	4.	Jerusalem as it Was: The Hills and Valleys	[249]
	5.	Jerusalem as it Was: The Walls and Gates of the City	[259]
	6.	Incidents of the History better realized now	[277]
	7.	Sieges of the City understood through improvedKnowledge of the Topography	[293]
IV.	Gospel History in the Light of Palestine Exploration—
	1.	Christ in the Provinces	[300]
	2.	Christ in the Capital	[325]
V.	Mesopotamia and the Bible—
	1.	Assyria	[340]
	2.	Babylonia	[357]
	3.	How the Writings were Read	[370]
	The Vandalism of Orientals		[375]

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

	PAGE
Ruins of Synagogue	[Frontispiece.]
Mummies of Seti I. and Rameses II.	[25]
Hittite Portraits	[32]
Hittite Inscription	[37]
Map of Nile Delta and Sinai Desert	To face [57]
Meridional Section through Palestine	[90]
Geological Sketch-Map	[95]
Generalised Geological Section	[97]
Map of Palestine	To face [125]
Site of Gath	[154]
Plan of Jerusalem	[205]
Plan of Noble Sanctuary	To face [212]
Robinson’s Arch—the Spring Stone	[228]
Robinson’s Arch—Section	[230]
Wilson’s Arch	[232]
South Wall of Noble Sanctuary	[234]
Deep Shaft at south-east Angle	[235]
Ancient Pottery—Jar Handles	[236]
Ancient Pottery—Vase	[236]
Masons’ Marks	[237]
East Wall of Noble Sanctuary	[239]
Plan of Siloam Tunnel	[242]
Shafts at Virgin’s Fountain	[245]
Rock-Site of Jerusalem	[251]
Schick’s Line of Second Wall	[263]
Nehemiah’s South Wall (St Clair)	[268]
Outline Plan of Jerusalem	[334]
Map of Mesopotamia	To face [340]
Assyrian Winged Bull	[347]
Black Obelisk	[348]
Sennacherib before Lachish	[350]
Behistun Rock Inscription	[371]