rate, vb. to bleach, whiten, O. N. rōyta. M. L. G. roten, is out of the question, and *reeat would be the form corresponding to M. L. G. raten.

slake, vb. to smear, daub, O. N. slæikja. O. L. G. slikken does not correspond.

slake, sb. a kiss, deriv., cp. O. N. slæikr.

slape, adj. slippery, O. N. slæipr, cp. O. E. slape.

slapen, vb. to make smooth, O. N. slæipna, but possibly deriv. from slape.

snape, vb. to restrain, O. N. snöypa.

In addition to these, blain, "to become white," is a Scand. loan-word, but rather from Dan. blegne than Norse blæikna, cp. blake above. Blained, adj. "half dry," said of linen hung out to dry, is, of course, simply the pp. of blain, cp. Dan. blegned. Skaif, "distant, wild, scattered abroad, or apt to be dispersed" (is the definition given), corresponds exactly to O. N. skæif in form, but not in meaning. Skæif meant "crooked." Sco. daive, "to stun, stupefy," is here regularly spelled deeave (deave in Swaledale). It must, then, be derived from O. E. deafian, not O. N. döyfa, O. Ic. deyfa. Swaledale slaiching, "sneaking," is the same as O. N. slæikja, "to lick"; a secondary meaning of O. N. slæikja is "to sneak"; keeal, "kail," could come from O. N. kál or Gael. cál. It is probably from the latter. The word slaister, "to dawdle, to waste one's time," is not clear. The sb. slaisterer, "a slink, an untidy person," is also found. The ai indicates an original diphthong. It is probably the same as Norse slöysa, sb. "an untidy person," as vb. "to be untidy, to be careless." Ster (slais + ster) would, then, be an Eng. suffix, or it may be the same as that in Sco. camstary, cp. Germ. halsstarrig. The Norse word slöysa is probably not the direct source of the Eng. dialect word. Slaister, however, for slöysa, seems to be a recent word in Norse. Skane, "to cut the shell fish out of the shell" (Wall, list B), is to be derived from O. N. skæina, rather than from O. E. scænan. Slade, "breadth of greensward in plowed land," cannot be from O. N. slettr, "plain," sletta, "a plain." Neither form nor meaning quite correspond. The Sw. slägd corresponds perfectly in form but not in meaning. It is, however, probably from O. E. slæd. This word is taken from Wall's list, not from the works named above.

[22. Celtic, Lowland Scotch, and Norse].

In Gaelic and Irish, in the Western Isles and the Highlands, considerable Norse elements are found as the result of Norse occupancy that continued in the Isles, at least, for several hundred years. A number of words that have come into Gaelic and Irish from Norse are also found in Lowland Scotch. In some cases it seems that the word has not come into Lowland Scotch direct from Norse, but by way of Gaelic or Irish. Craigie has given a list of about 200 words in Gaelic that seem to come from Norse. Out of these I will take a few that have corresponding words in Scotch:

Gaelic or Irish. Lowland Scotch. Old Norse.
gardha
lobht
prine
stop
sgeap
sainseal
gaort
cnapp, cneap
maol
sgeir
scarbh
gead
scát
brod
masg
rannsaich 		garth
loft
prin
stoup
skep
hansell
girt, girth
knap
mull
sker
scarth
ged, gedde
scait
brod
mask Dan.
ransack, runsick 		garðr
loft
prjónn
staup
skeppa
handsal
giörð
knappr
múli
sker
scarfr
gedda
skata
broddr
maske
rannsaka