O. N. ö, u-v-umlaut of a, becomes æ, written a: daggit, ragweed, tangle.

O. N. ö, u-umlaut of a in originally open syllable, like open a, > ē in spale.

Hence u-umlaut does not appear in loanwords.

ja (ia).

O. N. ja > a in assle-tooth, harn, starn.

> e in sker and stern.

().

O. N. > a in tarn.

O. N. > i before r in firth, gyrth (gjörth), gyrthin.

[Long Vowels.]