Pigments, Paint and Painting: A practical book for practical men

by George Terry

You will see, then, how impossible it is, with such materials, to paint in the same style in which you paint a picture in oil-colour. Fresco painting involves the adoption of an entirely different style from oil painting. The frescoes of the old masters are not highly wrought up, highly-finished works. They depend for their effect upon the juxtaposition of tints, the shadows being intensified by lines and cross-hatching. If you look at those reproductions of some of the most valuable fresco paintings of the old masters, you will see the method adopted by them depended upon the juxtaposition of tints, not upon covering over, and over, and over again. That juxtaposition of tints produces roundness, transparency, and has a very pleasing effect upon the eye. If two tints are put against one another, they do not appear to us as if they were single, but each adds something to the effect of the other, and together they produce a pleasurable and agreeable effect, if they have been properly selected. We all know how tempting it is to go back to a piece of painting and do something to it that ought to have been done before. We think that a touch will improve it, and we go and make it: but in fresco painting the temptation must be resisted, for it will be absolutely fatal to the permanency of the work.

INDEX

[A], [B], [C], [D], [E], [F], [G], [H], [I], [J], [K], [L], [M], [N], [O], [P], [R], [S], [T], [U], [V], [W], [Y], [Z]

African indigo, [47]
Alkali for removing old paint, [351]
Alumina for lakes, [282]
American indigo, [47]
—— lamp-black furnace, [20]
Aniline black, [25]
Animal black, [5], [6]
—— matters, nitrogen in, [51]
Anthracene oil black, [21]
Antimony vermilion, [138]
Antwerp blue, [62]
Area covered by paint, [359], [360]
Arnaudon’s green, [128]
Arsenic from cobalt ores, [31]
—— orange, [153]
—— yellow, [257], [280]
Asphalt brown, [101]
—— for painting iron, [373]
Aureolin, [257]
Azurite blue, [40]
Balmains luminous paint, [286]
Baryta blue, [111]
—— green, [109]
—— red, [143]
—— white, [170]
Barytes, [170]
Benzoates as dryers, [318]
Benzol vehicles, [296]
Binder’s cobalt blue, [29]
Bistre, [101]
Bitumen, [101]
Blacks, [5-26]
—— adulterations, [6]
—— aniline, [25]
—— animal, [5], [6]
—— anthracene oil, [21]
—— bone, [5], [6]
—— bone-oil, [12]
—— candle, [25]
—— “carbon,” [19]
—— charcoal, [25]
—— coal, [25]
—— coal tar, [14], [15], [21]
—— coke-oven, [16]
—— composition, [5]
—— cork, [25]
—— creosote oil, [21]
—— drop, [11]
—— fat, [11], [12], [21]
—— Frankfort, [11]
—— “gas,” [19]
—— gas-tar, [14], [15], [21]
—— German, [26]
—— impurities, [5]
—— iron, [26]
—— ivory, [5], [11]
—— lamp, [5], [11]
—— lead, [26]
—— manganese, [26]
—— mineral gas, [19]
—— —— matter in, [6]
—— natural gas, [19]
—— oil, [11], [12], [21]
—— oily matter in, [5]
—— organic, [5]
—— paraffin, [16]
—— peach-stone, [11]
—— Prussian, [26]
—— prussiate, [26]
—— resin, [11]. [15], [16]
—— shale oil, [21]
—— Spanish, [26]
—— tannin, [26]
—— tar, [14], [15], [21]
—— testing, [6]
—— unimportant, [25]
—— vegetable, [5], [11], [25], [26]
—— vine twig, [11]
—— wine lees, [11]
Blanc fixe, [172]
Bleaching oils, [332]
Blenkinsop and Hartley’s dryer, [335]
Blood in priming coat, [352]
Blue luminous paint, [291]
—— potash, [54], [56]
—— salt, [54], [56]
—— washing, [90]
Blues, [27-100]
—— Antwerp, [62]
—— azurite, [40]
—— baryta, [111]
—— Binder’s cobalt, [28]
—— Bong’s, [62]
—— Bremen, [34]
—— Brunswick, [64]
—— cæruleum, [27]
—— Chinese, [65]
—— cobalt, [27], [28]
—— cœruleum, [37]
—— copper, [34]
—— indigo, [42]
—— lime, [38]
—— manganese, [49]
—— mountain, [40]
—— Paris, [68]
—— Péligot, [41]
—— Prussian, [49]
—— Saxon, [69]
—— smalts, [27], [30]
—— soluble, [69]
—— Thénard’s cobalt, [28]
—— Turnbull’s, [70]
—— ultramarine, [70]
—— verditer, [41]
—— zaffre, [30]
Body of pigments, [293]
Boiled oils, adulterants of, [331]
—— —— defects, [327]
—— —— substitute for, [352]
—— —— testing for lead in, [328]
Boiling oil, [316], [320]
Bole, [272]
Boletta, [273]
Bologna stone, [170]
Bone black, [5], [6]
—— —— composition, [10]
—— cost of production, [10]
—— —— furnaces, [7]
—— —— qualities, [10]
—— brown, [102]
—— oil black, [12]
Bones, carbonising, [7]
—— gases from, utilising, [9]
Bong’s manganese blue, [49]
—— Prussian blue, [62]
Borates as dryers, [318]
Braconnot’s green, [123]
Bramwell’s prussiate, [58]
Brazil-wood lake, [283]
Bremen blue, [34]
—— green, [112]
Brighton green, [112]
Brinjes and Goodwin’s paint mill, [346]
Brown luminous paint, [291]
Browns, [101], [108]
—— asphalt, [101]
—— bistre, [101]
—— bitumen, [101]
—— bone, [102]
—— cappagh, [102]
—— Cassel earth, [102]
—— chicory, [102]
—— Cologne earth, [102]
—— manganese, [103]
—— Mars, [103]
—— Prussian, [103]
—— Rubens, [102]
—— sepia, [104]
—— ulmin, [105]
—— ultramarine, [88]
—— umbers, [105]
—— Vandyke, [107]
Brunquell on prussiate, [59]
Brunswick blue, [64]
—— green, [113]
—— —— characters, [118]
—— —— dry method, [117]
—— —— testing, [118]
—— —— wet method, [115]
Brushes, [355]
—— keeping, [355]
Buckley’s prussiate works, [59]
Cadmium Yellow, [258]
Cæruleum, [27]
Calcining lamp-black, [23]
Calcium hyposulphite, preparing, [139]
—— polysulphide, preparing, [139]
Candle black, [25]
Candle-nut oil, [298]
Cappagh brown, [102], [106]
“Carbon” black, [19]
—— pigments, [5]
Carbonising bones, [7]
Carminated lake, [283]
Carmine lake, [283]
Carriages, painting, [361]
—— varnishing, [365]
Cars, painting, [361]
—— re-varnishing, [367]
—— washing, [367]
Cassel earth, [102]
Cassius purple, [143]
Cawk, [170]
Central American indigo, [47]
Cerchione, [273]
Chalk, [246]
Charcoal black, [25]
Charlton white, [172], [254]
Chicory brown, [102]
China clay, [172]
—— —— artificial, [182]
—— —— characters, [182]
—— —— drying, [175], [181]
—— —— waste products, [179]
—— —— works, [173]
Chinese blue, [65]
—— green, [118], [129]
—— red, [144], [185]
—— vermilion, [157]
Chromates, iron, [267]
—— lead, [260]
—— zinc, [268]
Chrome greens, [113], [118], [125]
—— orange, [144]
—— red, [144], [145]
—— yellows, [258]
Chromes, characters, [266]
Clark’s paint mill, [341]
Coaches, painting, [361]
—— re-varnishing, [367]
—— varnishing, [365]
—— washing, [367]
Coal black, [25]
Coal-tar black, [14], [15], [21]
Coats of paint, [355]
Cobalt benzoate, [318]
—— blues, [27], [28]
—— borate, [318]
—— greens, [119]
—— ore furnace, [31]
—— oxide blue, [28]
—— pink, [144]
—— red, [144]
Cochineal lake, [284]
Cœruleum blue, [37]
Coke oven black, [16]
Colcothar, [145], [150]
Cologne earth, [102]
Colour and aggregation of particles, [2]
—— —— chemical composition, [2]
—— —— light, [1]
—— causes, [1]
—— defined, [1]
—— destruction, [2]
—— of pigments, testing, [293]
—— sense, [1]
Condenser, fume, [216]
Condensing smoke, [13], [15], [17]
Condy’s white lead, [197]
Copper blues, [34]
—— carbonate, [40]
—— greens, [121], [130], [131]
—— hydrated oxide, [34], [41]
—— nitrate, [36]
—— sulphate dryer, [325]
Cork black, [25]
Cornish umber, [107]
Cotton seed oil in linseed oil, [301]
Covering power of pigments, [293]
Cracking, causes, [363]
Creosote oil black, [21]
Crucibles for roasting smalts, [32]
Cuttle fish brown, [104]
Cyanogen in prussiate making, [58]
Cyprus earth, [134]
Dammar vehicles, [296]
Derby red, [145]
Derbyshire umber, [106]
Discoloration of paint, [356]
Douglas green, [120]
Drop black, [11]
Dryers, [295-338], [365]
Dryers, benzoates, [318]
—— Blenkinsop and Hartley’s, [335]
—— borates, [318]
—— chemical action of, [322]
—— —— —— in oils, [330]
—— cobalt benzoate, [318]
—— copper sulphate, [325]
—— Guynemer’s, [319]
—— lead, [325]
—— litharge, [316]
—— manganese benzoate, [318]
—— —— oxalate, [319]
—— —— oxide, [318]
—— —— sulphate, [325]
—— red lead, [316]
—— resinates, [318]
--- zumatic, [318]
Drying china clay, [175], [181]
—— paint, [353], [367]
—— white lead, [191]
Durability of pigments, [294]
Dutch vermilion, [167]
—— white lead, [185]
Dyestuff defined, [1], [3]
Egyptian cœruleum, [37]
Emerald green, [121]
—— —— characters, [124]
—— —— testing, [124]
—— tint greens, [124]
Enamel white, [245], [254]
Enamelled white, [170], [183]
English white, [183], [246]
Extraction of oils, [308]
Eye, colour effect on, [1]
Fascia, [273]
Fat-black, [11], [12], [21]
Ferric oxide reds, [150]
Figuier’s red, [144]
Filling before painting, [354], [362]
Fineness of pigments, testing, [293]
Finishing painting, [363]
Firmenich’s vermilion, [165]
Fleck’s vermilion, [156]
Frankfort black, [11]
Freeman’s white, [224], [254]
French and Hannay’s white lead, [216]
Fresco colours, [257]
—— painting, [111], [378]
Fume condenser, [216]
Furnaces, bone-black, [7]
—— cobalt ore, [31]
—— galena, [225]
—— lamp-black, [12], [14], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21]
—— ochre, [277]
—— prussiate, [53], [59], [60]
—— smalts, [32], [33]
Galena, chromates from, [263]
—— white lead from, [225]
Galloway’s green, [123]
Gamboge, [270]
Gardner’s white lead, [200]
“Gas” black, [19]
Gases from bones, utilising, [9]
Gas-tar black, [14], [15], [21]
Gaud indigo, [45]
German black, [26]
—— lamp-black, [15]
Gmelin’s ultramarine, [81]
Green luminous paint, [291]
Greens, [109]
—— Arnaudon’s, [128]
—— baryta, [109]
—— Braconnot’s, [123]
—— Bremen, [112]
—— Brighton, [112]
—— Brunswick, [113]
—— Chinese, [118], [129]
—— chrome, [113], [118], [125]
—— cobalt, [119]
—— copper, [121], [130], [131]
—— Cyprus earth, [134]
—— Douglas, [120]
—— emerald, [121]
—— —— tint, [124]
—— Galloway’s, [123]
—— Guignet’s, [125]
—— Köchlin’s, [123]
—— lokao, [129]
—— malachite, [129], [131]
—— manganese, [130]
—— mineral, [130], [131]
—— mitis, [130]
—— mountain, [131]
—— Paris, [132]
—— Prussian, [132]
—— Rinmann’s, [132]
—— sap, [129], [132]
—— Scheele’s, [133]
—— Schweinfurth, [134]
—— terre verte, [134]
—— titanium, [135]
—— ultramarine, [73]
—— verdigris, [135]
—— verditer, [136]
—— Verona earth, [134], [136]
—— Victoria, [137]
—— Vienna, [137]
—— zinc, [137]
Grey luminous paint, [291]
Griffith’s zinc white, [251]
Grinding Chinese blue, [67]
—— smalts, [34]
Ground-nut oil, [297]
Guignet’s green, [125]
Guimet’s ultramarine, [81]
Guynemer’s dryer, [319]
Gypsum, [183]
Hannay’s white lead, [214]
Hartley & Blenkinsop’s dryer, [335]
—— on dryers, [322]
Hempseed oil, [298]
Hind and Lund’s paint mill, [345]
Hyposulphite of lime, preparing, [139]
Idrian vermilion works, [154]
Indian indigo, [43]
—— red, [147], [150]
Indigo, African, [47]
—— American, [47]
—— blue, [42]
—— carmine, [48]
—— Central American, [47]
—— cultivation, [43]
—— gaud, [45]
—— Indian, [43]
—— Japanese, [45]
—— Javan, [46]
—— maceration, [43]
—— manufacture, [43]
—— Philippine, [47]
—— plants, [42]
—— preparations, [48]
—— qualities, [48]
—— testing, [48]
Irish umber, [106]
Iron black,

[26]
—— chromates, [267]
—— decay, [369]
—— oxide for painting, [373]
—— —— reds, [150]
—— painting, [369]
—— —— experiments, [375]
—— pitching, [369]
Italian white lead, [221]
Ivory black, [5], [11]
Jacquelin’s vermilion, [168]
Japanese indigo, [45]
Javan indigo, [46]
Kaolin, [172], [183]
Keeping brushes, [355]
Kegs, paint, [349]
Kilns, [7], [12], [14], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [31], [32], [33], [53], [59], [60], [225], [277]
King’s yellow, [271], [280]
Kirchoff’s vermilion, [168]
Köchlin’s green, [123]
Kukui oil, [298]
Lakes, [282]
—— alumina, [282]
—— Brazil-wood, [283]
—— carminated, [283]
—— carmine, [283]
—— cochineal, [284]
—— madder, [284]
—— yellow, [285]
Lamp-black, [5], [11]
—— —— anthracene oil, [21]
—— —— apparatus, [12], [14], [15], [16], [17], [19], [20], [21], [22]
—— —— calcining, [23]
—— —— creosote oil, [21]
—— —— gas tar, [14], [15], [21]
—— —— German, [15]
—— —— in iron painting, [378]
—— —— Martin & Grafton’s, [15]
—— —— natural gas, [19]
—— —— nuisance in making, [23]
—— —— paraffin, [16]
—— —— qualities, [25]
—— —— Russian, [16]
—— —— Shackell & Edwards’ Works, [24]
—— —— shale oil, [21]
—— —— transport, [25]
Lapis lazuli, [70]
Lead black, [26]
—— chromates, [260]
—— dryers, [325]
—— for white lead making, [186]
—— in boiled oil, testing for, [328]
—— orange, [147]
—— red, [148]
—— sulphate, [223]
—— whites, [183]
Levigating ultramarine, [79]
Lewis’s white lead, [223]
Light and colour, [1]
Lime blue, [38]
—— hyposulphite, preparing, [139]
—— manganate, [49]
—— polysulphide, preparing, [139]
—— white, [170], [245]
Linseed oil, [299]
—— —— adulterants, [331]
—— —— bleaching, [303]
—— —— impurities, [301]
—— —— purifying, [302]
Litharge as a dryer, [316]
Lithophone, [245], [247]
Lokao, [129]
Luminous paints, [286]
MacIvor’s ultramarine, [93]
—— white lead, [229]
Madder, lake, [284]
Magnesite, [245]
Malachite green, [129], [131]
Manganese benzoate, [318]
—— black, [26]
—— blue, [49]
—— borate, [318]
—— brown, [103]
—— green, [130]
—— linoleate, [336]
—— oxalate dryer, [319]
—— oxide dryer, [318]
—— sulphate dryer, [325]
Manure from prussiate residue, [57]
Mars brown, [103]
Martin & Grafton’s lamp-black, [15]
Massicot, [148]
Measuring painting, [360]
Menhaden oil, [303]
Metallic paints, [274]
Mica, [179]
Mills, oil, [309]
—— paint, [339], [341], [345], [346]
Mineral gas black, [19]
—— green, [130], [131]
—— matter in blacks, [6]
—— orange, [150]
Minium, [148]
Mitis green, [130]
Mixer for paint, [341]
Mixing paint, [364]
Mountain blue, [40]
—— green, [131]
Murdoch’s antimony red, [142]
Naples yellows, [271]
Natural gas black, [19]
Nitrogen converted into cyanogen in prussiate making, [58]
—— in animal matters, [51]
Nuisance from making lamp-black, [23]
—— prevention, [24]
Ochres, [272]
—— characters, [279]
—— kilns, [277]
—— working, [274]
Odour of paint, removing, [356]
Oil-black, [11], [12], [21]
—— cake, moulding, [313]
—— mill, [309]
—— seed crushing rolls, [311]
—— —— kettles, [312]
—— vehicles, [295]
Oils, bleaching, [332]
—— boiled, defects, [327]
—— —— substitute for, [352]
—— —— testing for lead in, [328]
—— boiling, [316], [320]
—— —— chemistry of, [326]
—— candle-nut, [298]
—— chemical action of dryers on, [330]
—— drying and non-drying, [297]
—— extraction, [308]
—— ground-nut, [297]
—— hemp-seed, [298]
—— kukui, [298]
—— linseed, [299]
—— menhaden, [303]
—— pea-nut, [297]
—— poppy, [305]
—— porgie, [303]
—— refining, [335]
—— tobacco, [306]
—— tung, [308]
—— walnut, [307]
—— wood, [308]
Oily matter in blacks, [5]
Old paint, removing, [351]
Orange, chrome, [144]
—— lead, [147]
—— luminous paint, [291]
—— mineral, [150]
Organic blacks, [5]
Orpiment, [280]
Orr’s white, [245], [254]
Oxide reds, [150]
Oxygen in making ultramarine, [78]
Packing paint, [349]
Paint beds, [274]
—— composition, [358]
—— covering power, [359], [360]
—— cracking, [363]
—— defined, [1]
—— discoloration, [356]
—— drying, [367]
—— estimating quantity required, [359], [360]
—— machinery, [339]
—— mills, [339], [341], [345], [346]
—— mixer, [341]
—— mixing, [364]
—— old, removing, [351]
—— packing, [349]
—— priming, [354], [362]
Painting, [351]
—— brushes, [355]
—— carriages, [361]
—— coats, [355]
—— drying, [353]
—— filling, [354], [362]
—— finishing, [363]
—— fresco, [378]
—— iron, [369]
—— measuring, [360]
—— plaster, [378]
—— priming coat, [352], [362]
—— removing odour, [356]
—— surface, [351]
—— walls, [378]
—— water-colours, [356]
—— woodwork, [368]
Paraffin black, [16]
—— wax vehicles, [296]
Paris blue, [68]
—— green, [132]
--- white, [246]
Peach-stone black, [11]
Pea-nut oil, [297]
Péligot blue, [41]
Permanent white, [170], [246]
Persian red, [145], [150], [153]
Philippine indigo, [47]
Phosphorescent paints, [286]
Pigments, carbon, [5]
—— defined, [1], [3]
—— examining, [293]
—— requirements, [3]
—— testing body, [293]
—— —— colour, [293]
—— —— covering power, [293]
—— —— fineness, [293]
Pink, cobalt, [144]
Pitching iron, [369]
Plaster painting, [378]
Pompeian cœruleum, [37]
Poppy seed oils, [305]
Porgie oil, [303]
Potash, blue, [54], [56]
—— prussiate, [50]
Prevention of nuisance, [24]
Priming coat, [352]
—— paint, [362]
Prussian black, [26]
—— blue, [49]
—— —— Bong’s, [62]
—— —— common, [61]
—— —— qualities, [49]
—— —— recipes, [61]
—— —— testing, [50]
—— brown, [103]
—— green, [132]
Prussiate, [50]
—— black, [26]
—— Bramwell’s works, [58]
—— Brunquell on, [59]
—— Buckley’s works, [59]
—— crystallisation, [55]
—— formation, [52]
—— furnaces, [53], [59], [60]
—— metal, lixiviation, [55]
—— of potash, [50]
—— pots, [53]
—— residue as manure, [57]
—— separating: impurities, [56]
Pug mill, [341]
Purple of Cassius, [143]
Putty, [354], [362]
Puttying, [354], [362]
Realgar, [153], [280]
Red lead, [148]
—— —— as a dryer, [316]
—— —— for painting iron, [374]
—— luminous paint, [291]
—— ultramarine, [77], [80]
Reds, [138-169]
—— antimony vermilion, [138]
—— baryta, [143]
—— Cassius purple, [143]
—— Chinese, [144], [145]
—— chrome, [144], [145]
—— —— orange, [144]
—— cobalt, [144]
—— —— pink, [144]
—— colcothar, [145], [150]
—— Derby, [145]
—— Indian, [147], [150]
—— iron oxide, [150]
—— lead orange, [147]
—— minium, [148]
—— orange mineral, [150]
—— oxides, [150]
—— Persian, [145], [150], [153]
—— realgar, [153]
—— rouge, [150], [153]
—— tin, [144]
—— Venetian, [150], [153]
—— vermilion, [153]
Refining oils, [335]
Removing old paint, [351]
Resin black, [11], [15], [16]
Resinates as dryers, [318]
Rinmann green, [132]
Roller mills for paint, [339], [341], [345], [346]
Rosin in linseed oil, [301]
Rouge, [150], [153]
Rubens brown, [102]
Ruby of arsenic, [153]
Russian lamp-black, [16]
Rutherford & Barclay kiln, [277]
Sap green, [129], [132]
Satin white, [246]
Saxon blue, [69]
Schatte’s luminous paint, [290]
Scheele’s green, [133]
Schweinfurth green, [134]
Seed-crushing rolls, [311]
—— kettles, [312]
—— oils, extracting, [308]
Sepia, [104]
Shackle and Edwards’ lamp-black works, [24]
Shale oil black, [21]
Ships’ hulls, painting, [376]
Siena earths, [272]
Siennas, [272]
Silica ultramarine, [74]
Smalts, [27], [30]
—— crucibles, [32]
—— furnace, [32], [33]
—— grinding, [34]
Smith’s pitching process for iron pipes, [369]
Smoke, condensing, [13], [15], [17]
Soda for making ultramarine, [78], [92]
—— sulphate from ultramarine, [79]
—— ultramarine, [74]
Soluble blue, [69]
Spanish black, [26]
—— white, [246]
Square blue, [90]
Stack white lead, [185]
Stampshaw lamp-black furnace, [21]
Stangen-spath, [170]
Strontia white, [246]
Sulphate ultramarine, [72]
Surface for painting, [351]
Tannin black, [26]
Tar black, [14], [15], [21]
Terra alba, [183], [246]
—— bolare, [273]
—— guilla, [273]
Terre verte, [134]
Thalwitzer’s lamp-black apparatus, [16]
Thénard’s cobalt blue, [28]
—— white lead, [184]
Tin red, [144]
Titanium green, [135]
Tobacco-seed oil, [306]
Transport, lamp-black, [25]
—— paint, [349]
Tung oil, [308]
Turkey umber, [106]
Turnbull’s blue, [70]
Ulmin, [105]
Ultramarine, [70]
—— adulterations, [76]
—— ancient treatise on, [94]
—— artificial, [71]
—— brown, [88]
—— Brunner on, [82]
—— chemistry, [81]
—— colouring principle, [75]
—— composition, [81]
—— direct crucible process, [87]
—— Dollfus on, [84]
—— effect of silica, [83]
—— Endemann on, [82]
—— faults, [100]
—— German process, [86]
—— Gmelin’s, [81]
—— Goppelsröder on, [84]
—— green, [73]
—— Guimet’s, [81]
—— Heyne on, [94]
—— history, [80]
—— Hoffmann on, [83]
—— indirect process, [85]
—— levigating, [79]
—— Leykauf process, [94]
—— McIvor’s, [93]
—— natural, [70]
—— Nejedly on, [94]
—— oxygen in making, [78]
—— properties, [76]
—— red, [77], [80]
—— removing soluble salts, [78]
—— resisting alum, [75], [77]
—— Ritter on, [82]
—— Schülzenberger on, [82]
—— silica process, [74]
—— soda for, [78], [92]
—— —— process, [74]
—— —— sulphate from, [79]
—— statistics, [91]
—— Stein on, [81]
—— sulphate process, [72]
—— testing, [99]
—— uses, [76], [90], [99], [100]
—— varieties, [99]
—— violet, [77], [79]
—— Wilkins on, [81]
Umbers, [105], [272]
Vandyke brown, [107]
Varnishing coaches, [365], [367]
Vegetable blacks, [5], [11], [25], [26]
Vehicles, [295-338], [365]
Venetian red, [150], [153]
Verdegris, [135]
Verditer, [136]
—— blue, [41]
Vermilion, [153]

—— antimony, [138]
—— Chinese, [157]
—— Dutch, [167]
—— Firmenich’s, [165]
—— Fleck’s, [156]
—— Jacquelin’s, [168]
—— Kirchoff’s, [168]
—— Weshle’s, [168]
—— works at Idria, [154]
Verona earth, [134], [136]
Victoria green, [137]
Vienna green, [137]
Vine-twig black, [11]
Violet luminous paint, [291]
—— ultramarine, [77], [79]
Wagner’s antimony red, [142]
Wall painting, [378]
Walnut oil, [307]
Washing blue, [90]
Water-colour painting, [356]
Wax vehicles, [296]
Weshle’s vermilion, [168]
Wetherill furnace, [225]
White lead, [183]
—— —— adulterations, [195]
—— —— characters, [242]
—— —— chemistry of, [187], [192], [193], [200]
—— —— Condy’s, [197]
—— —— cost, [213]
—— —— dangers of, [191]
—— —— dry, [195]
—— —— drying, [191]
—— —— Dutch, [185]
—— —— French & Hannay’s, [216]
—— —— from galena, [225]
—— —— Gardner’s, [200]
—— —— Hannay’s, [214]
—— —— Italian, [221]
—— —— lead for, [186]
—— —— Lewis’s, [223]
—— —— MacIvor’s, [229]
—— —— powdered, [195]
—— —— precipitated, [194]
—— —— stack, [185]
—— —— substitutes, [194]
—— —— testing, [244]
—— —— Thénard’s, [184]
—— luminous paint, [286], [290]
Whites, [170-256]
—— baryta, [170]
—— blanc fixe, [172]
—— chalk, [246]
—— Charlton, [172], [254]
—— china clay, [172]
—— enamel, [245], [254]
—— enamelled, [170], [183]
—— English, [183], [246]
—— Freeman’s, [224], [254]
—— Griffith’s, [251]
—— gypsum, [183]
—— lead, [183]
—— lime, [170], [245]
—— lithophone, [245], [247]
—— magnesite, [245]
—— mineral, [183], [245]
—— Orr’s, [245], [254]
—— Paris, [246]
—— permanent, [170], [246]
—— satin, [246]
—— Spanish, [246]
—— strontia, [246]
—— terra alba, [183], [246]
—— whiting, [246]
—— zinc, [247]
Whiting, [246]
Wilson’s fume condenser, [216]
Wine-lees black, [11]
Wood charcoal black, [25]
— oil, [308]
Woodwork, painting, [368]
Working ochre beds, [274]
Wright’s paint machinery, [339]
Yellow luminous paint, [291]
—— prussiate, [50]
Yellows, [257-281]
—— arsenic, [257], [280]
—— aureolin, [257]
—— hole, [272]
—— cadmium, [258]
—— chrome, [258]
—— gamboge, [270]
—— King’s, [271], [280]
—— lakes, [285]
—— Naples, [271]
—— ochres, [272]
—— orpiment, [280]
—— realgar, [280]
—— umbers, [272]
Zaffre, [30]
Zinc chromates, [268]
—— green, [137]
—— oxide, [37], [247]
—— sulphide, [250]
—— whites, [247]
—— —— characters, [255]
Zumatic dryer, [318]

LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS.

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