INTRODUCTION.
In days gone by, the painter who served the usual term of apprenticeship was deemed to have done all that was required to qualify him for his trade. He may have learned little or much, but he had “served his time,” and that was all that was expected of him. So far as it went, the training was good, because it was nothing if not practical, and practice is an essential element of skill. But nowadays such a training can only be considered partial; mere practice, without any scientific knowledge of the principles which underlie it, is but half a qualification for the workman who aims at being really a master of his trade.
When competition was unknown, and the low prices of raw material offered no inducement for passing off inferior or fraudulent substitutes, there was less need for a high degree of knowledge. But under modern conditions, the painter who is unable to gauge the qualities of the materials he uses, and who is ignorant of the rules which govern those qualities, and of the principles which determine the use of this and the rejection of that article, cannot long survive in the struggle for supremacy or even livelihood.
Hence the need for a handbook such as this volume aims at being. Granted that our technical schools and colleges are affording a liberal and invaluable education to the workman who will avail himself of the opportunities given him, still a man does not remain for ever at school, and he needs a guide-book, handy of reference and accessible in price, to refresh his memory and supplement the information gained in the class-room and workshop.
To fulfil this useful purpose is the aim and object of this unpretending volume.
CONTENTS.
| [CHAPTER I. PRELIMINARY.] | |
|---|---|
| PAGE | |
| Colour | [1] |
| Pigments | [3] |
| [CHAPTER II. BLACKS.] | |
| General | [5] |
| Animal-black | [6] |
| Bone-black | [6] |
| Frankfort or Drop-black | [11] |
| Ivory-black | [11] |
| Lamp-black | [11] |
| Unimportant blacks—Aniline,candle, charcoal, coal, cork,German, iron, lead, manganese,Prussian, prussiate,Spanish, tannin | [25] |
| [CHAPTER III. BLUES.] | |
| Cobalt blues—Cœruleum;Cobalt blue; smalts | [27] |
| Copper blues—Bremenblue; Cæruleum; Limeblue; Mountain blue orAzurite; Péligot blue; Verditer | [34] |
| Indigo | [42] |
| Manganese blue | [49] |
| Prussian blue—General;Yellow prussiate; Combinationof the cyanide and ironsolutions; Antwerp blue;Bong’s blue; Brunswickblue; Chinese blue; Parisblue; Saxon blue; Solubleblue; Turnbull’s blue | [49] |
| Ultramarine | [70] |
| [CHAPTER IV. BROWNS.] | |
| Asphalt or Bitumen | [101] |
| Bistre | [101] |
| Bone brown | [102] |
| Cappagh brown | [102] |
| Cassel earth | [102] |
| Chicory brown | [102] |
| Cologne earth | [102] |
| Manganese brown | [103] |
| Mars brown | [103] |
| Prussian brown | [103] |
| Rubens brown | [104] |
| Sepia | [104] |
| Ulmin | [105] |
| Umbers | [105] |
| Vandyke brown | [107] |
| [CHAPTER V. GREENS.] | |
| Baryta | [109] |
| Bremen | [112] |
| Brighton | [112] |
| Brunswick | [113] |
| Chinese | [118] |
| Chrome | [118] |
| Cobalt | [119] |
| Douglas | [120] |
| Emerald | [121] |
| Guignet’s | [125] |
| Lokao | [129] |
| Malachite | [129] |
| Manganese | [130] |
| Mineral | [130] |
| Mitis | [130] |
| Mountain | [131] |
| Paris | [132] |
| Prussian | [132] |
| Rinmann | [132] |
| Sap | [132] |
| Scheele’s | [133] |
| Schweinfurth | [134] |
| Terre verte | [134] |
| Titanium | [135] |
| Verdigris | [135] |
| Verditer | [136] |
| Verona earth | [136] |
| Victoria | [137] |
| Vienna | [137] |
| Zinc | [137] |
| [CHAPTER VI. REDS.] | |
| Antimony vermilion | [138] |
| Baryta red | [143] |
| Cassius purple | [143] |
| Chinese red | [144] |
| Chrome orange | [144] |
| Chrome red | [144] |
| Cobalt pink | [144] |
| Cobalt red | [144] |
| Colcothar | [145] |
| Derby red | [145] |
| Indian red | [147] |
| Lead orange | [147] |
| Minium | [148] |
| Orange mineral | [150] |
| Oxide reds | [150] |
| Persian red | [153] |
| Realgar | [153] |
| Red lead | [153] |
| Rouge | [153] |
| Venetian red | [153] |
| Vermilion | [153] |
| Victoria red | [169] |
| [CHAPTER VII. WHITES.] | |
| Baryta white | [170] |
| Blanc fixe | [172] |
| Charlton white | [172] |
| China clay | [172] |
| Enamelled white | [183] |
| English white | [183] |
| Gypsum | [183] |
| Kaolin | [183] |
| Lead whites or White leads | [183] |
| Lime white | [245] |
| Lithophone | [245] |
| Magnesite | [245] |
| Mineral white | [245] |
| Orr’s enamel white | [245] |
| Paris white | [246] |
| Permanent white | [246] |
| Satin white | [246] |
| Spanish white | [246] |
| Strontia white | [246] |
| Terra alba | [246] |
| Whiting | [246] |
| Zinc whites | [247] |
| [CHAPTER VIII. YELLOWS.] | |
| Arsenic yellow | [257] |
| Aureolin yellow | [257] |
| Cadmium yellow | [258] |
| Chrome yellows | [258] |
| Gamboge | [270] |
| King’s yellow | [271] |
| Naples yellows | [271] |
| Ochres | [272] |
| Orpiment | [280] |
| Realgar | [280] |
| Siennas | [281] |
| [CHAPTER IX. LAKES.] | |
| Brazil-wood lake | [283] |
| Carminated lake | [283] |
| Carmine | [283] |
| Cochineal lake | [284] |
| Madder lake | [284] |
| Yellow lakes | [285] |
| [CHAPTER X. LUMINOUS PAINTS] | [286] |
| [CHAPTER XI. EXAMINATION OF PIGMENTS.] | |
| Fineness | [293] |
| Body or covering power | [293] |
| Colour | [293] |
| Durability | [294] |
| [CHAPTER XII. VEHICLES AND DRYERS.] | |
| Generalities | [295] |
| Ground-nut oil | [297] |
| Hempseed oil | [298] |
| Kukui or Candle-nut oil | [298] |
| Linseed oil | [299] |
| Menhaden oil | [303] |
| Poppy-seed oils | [305] |
| Tobacco-seed oil | [306] |
| Walnut oil | [307] |
| Wood or Tung oil | [308] |
| Extraction of seed oils | [308] |
| Dryers | [316] |
| Litharge | [316] |
| Cobalt and manganese benzoates | [318] |
| Cobalt and manganese borates | [318] |
| Resinates | [318] |
| Zumatic dryers | [318] |
| Manganese oxide | [318] |
| Guynemer’s dryer | [319] |
| Manganese oxalate | [319] |
| Boiled oil | [320] |
| [CHAPTER XIII. PAINT MACHINERY.] | |
| Wright & Co’s | [339] |
| Hind and Lund’s | [345] |
| Brinjes & Goodwin’s | [346] |
| [CHAPTER XIV. PAINTING.] | |
| The surface | [351] |
| Priming | [352] |
| Drying | [353] |
| Filling | [354] |
| Coats | [355] |
| Brushes | [355] |
| Water-colours | [356] |
| Removing odour | [356] |
| Discoloration | [356] |
| Composition | [358] |
| Area covered | [360] |
| Measuring | [360] |
| Carriage and Car painting | [361] |
| Woodwork painting | [368] |
| Iron painting | [369] |
| Fresco painting | [378] |
| [INDEX]:[A],[B],[C],[D],[E],[F],[G],[H],[I],[J],[K],[L],[M],[N],[O],[P],[R],[S],[T],[U],[V],[W],[Y],[Z] | [383] |