Creation or Evolution? A Philosophical Inquiry - George Ticknor Curtis

Vertebrata; or Vertebrate Animals. The highest division of the animal kingdom, so called from the presence in most cases of a back-bone composed of numerous joints or vertebræ, which constitutes the center of the skeleton, and at the same time supports and protects the central parts of the nervous system.

Vesicle. A bladder-like vessel; a membranous cavity; a cyst; a cell; especially (a) (Bot.) a small bladder-like body in the substance of a vegetable, or upon the surface of a leaf.—Gray. (b) (Med.) A small orbicular elevation of the cuticle containing lymph, and succeeded by a scurf or laminated scab; also, any small cavity or sac in the human body; as the umbilical vesicle.

Vortices (verto, to turn). 1. A whirling or circular motion of any fluid, usually of water, forming a kind of cavity in the center of the circle, and in some instances drawing in water or absorbing other things; a whirlpool.

2. A whirling of the air; a whirlwind.

3. (Cartesian system.) A supposed collection of particles of very subtile matter, endowed with a rapid rotary motion around an axis. By means of these vortices Descartes attempted to account for the formation of the universe.

[INDEX.]

Advocacy, maxim of, [132].
Affections, structural system of, [532].
Agnosticism, as defined by Huxley, [274].
Allantois, the, office of, [236] et seq., [245].
Almagest. See Ptolemaic System.
Amphibians in the Darwinian pedigree of man, [71], [96], [98].
Amphioxus. See Lancelet.
Amputation before or after birth, [129], [130].
Anatomy, modern, great advance of, [40], [41].
Plato's knowledge of, [38].
Anatomy of the mind, [470].
Animals, origin of, according to Plato, [57] et seq.
origin of, according to Darwin, [60] et seq.
Anthropomorphic attributes not necessary to the conception of God, [293] et seq.
Anthropomorphism, meaning, [293].
Antichthon, or counter-earth, invented by the Pythagoreans, [36].
Apes, varieties of, [71].
anthropomorphous, [100].
Apparitions, facts communicated by, [486]-488.
Aquatic worm, [94].
Areas, effect of change of, [248].
Articulata, likeness of structure in, [205] et seq.
Ascidians, larvæ of, [94].
Assassination, once employed with impunity, [165].
Associative faculty, what it is, [528].
Athenian, the, compared with a savage, [73], [74].
Authority, as affecting belief, [3].
ecclesiastic and scientific, [22], [23].
in science, [21].
Automatic machines, analysis of, [505].
Baboons, how different from monkeys, [71], note.
Belief, foundations of, [1]-3.
antiquity of, how to be regarded, [132] et seq.
grounds of, [274]-277.
Birds, origin of, according to Plato, [57].
sexual selection among, [67], note.
Bishop, P. P., "The Heart of Man," [471], note.
Blood, similarity in the composition of, [122].
great change in, [122].
Body, natural and spiritual, [468].
Brain of men and apes compared, [191].
human, [518].
office of, [196].
Breaks in the organic chain, [103]-106.
Buffon, accepted Mosaic account of creation, [368], [369].
Causation, ultimate, [386].
Cell, hypothesis of the single, [371], note.
Chaos, Plato's conception of, [45].
Classification, how it supports evolution, [200], [203].
Common stock, hypothesis of descent from, [209].
Composition, what occurs in, [473], [474].
Comte, Auguste, one of his suggestions, [387], [388].
Conduct, Spencer's view of, [427] et seq.
Consciousness, what it is, [470], [471], [503].
Constitutions, political, supposed growth of, [168].
Conversations invented during sleep, [480], [481].
Conversion of organs, [67].
Copernicus, system of, [32].
Creation, special, contrasted with evolution, [1] et seq.
absolute, unknown to the Greeks, [45].
influence of the belief in, [164], [165].
man's power of, [144].
Mosaic account of, [23].
poetical, [140], [141].
what it is, [136] et seq., [139], [140], [223].
Creator, the, postulate of, [115].
honoring or dishonoring the, not the question, [160] et seq.
method of, [207].
Creator, methods of, in the two realms of spirit and matter, [537].
power of, boundless, [224], [232], [535].
Crosses not permissible between distinct species, [372].
Darwin, Charles, his theory of evolution, [7].
bearing of his theory on man's immortality, [12], [13].
candor and accuracy of, [101].
difference of, from Spencer, [43], [225].
his pedigree of man, [70]-72, [87].
his view of human dignity, [10].
on primeval man, [375].
on the belief in God, [60], [61].
rejects an aboriginal pair, [406].
tabulated form of his pedigree of man, [93].
Dekad, the perfect number of the Pythagoreans, [35].
Delirium, explanation of, [499], [500].
Demiurgus, the, constructor of Plato's Kosmos, [46].
Descartes, his theory of vortices, [33].
Descent, must be unbroken, [211].
Design, when hypothesis of, necessary, [214].
Desires, mental system of, [532].
Domestic animals, breeding of, [89].
Distribution in space, how it affects evolution, [203], [247].
in time, [251].
Dreams, phenomena of, [479]-490.
Earth. See Solar System.
Economy of Nature, meaning of, [116], [126].
Elements, the four, in the Platonic Kosmos, [45], [46].
Eliphaz and Zophar. See Job.
Embryonic development, resemblances in, [111], [120].
Embryology, cautions respecting, [241].
how it supports evolution, [229].
Emotions, system of, [530]-532.
Energy. See Power, Causation.
Evidence, rules of circumstantial, [14]-17.
applicable to scientific investigation, [17], [18].
missing links in chain of, [18]-20.
process of, [67], [68].
Evil, rational explanation of, [148] et seq.
Evolution, assumptions in the theory of, [18]-20.
general reasons for, [102].
law of, limited, [210].
of man, [373].
principle of, [377].
process reversed, [252]-256.
Experts, true office of, [21], [22].
Extemporaneous speaking, what is, [474].
Eye, the, formation of, [68]-70, [83], [84].
Faunas of different areas, [247].
Fetichism. See Spencer.
Fishes, origin of, according to Plato, [58].
most lowly organized, [95].
shell, the lowest form of, [58].
Fœtus, growth of the, [234] et seq.
Galen, mistakes of, in anatomy, [39], [40].
how he differed from Plato, [39].
Galileo, confirms and rectifies Kepler's laws, [32].
Papal condemnation of, [20], [21], note.
Ganoids, description of, [96].
Genealogical trees of no value in zoölogy, [202], note.
General laws and special creations, [127], [128].
Germ, ante-fœtal, how formed, [234].
Gladiatorial shows, part of Roman civilization, [164].
God, existence of, how proved, [11], [12].
a necessary postulate, [402].
a personal, denied by Spencer, [433].
consciousness of, how to be lost, according to Spencer, [285] et seq.
existence and attributes of, how deduced, [300] et seq.
his dealing with Abraham, [425].
probable methods of, [63], [64], [82]-85, [102].
unlike Plato's Demiurgus, [85].
Gods, the, origin of, among the Greeks, [50].
genesis of, according to Plato, [46], [48]-50, note.
office of, in the formation of Plato's Kosmos, [49].
Gravitation, law of, how deduced, [20].
Greek philosophy, account of, [24] et seq.
encounters monotheism at Alexandria, [287].
how hampered by the mythology, [138].
schools of, before Plato, [28].
Grote, his Plato cited and followed, [27]-40, [287], [288], [290].
Harvey discovers the circulation of the blood, [40].
Heat, origin of, [386], [387].
Hebrews receive divine commands, [418].
Heredity, law of, limited, [225].
Homologous organs, meaning of, [97].
See Swim-bladder and Lung.
meaning of, [215], note.
Human life, peculiar sacredness of, [164]-166.
Huxley, Professor, on the brain of man and apes, [192].
Huxley, Professor, quoted, [121].
Ideal persons, are creations, [140], [141].
Ideal plan, objection to, [114], [118].
Ideas in Plato's system, coeval with primordial matter, [45], [46].
how acquired, [506]-508.
Idiocy, absolute, probably does not exist, [526].
what it is, [526]-528.
Idiot. See Idiocy.
Immortality, what is proof of, [41], [540].
belief in, [61], [62].
fanciful explanation of, [543].
Improvisation, what is, [474].
Infinite goodness consistent with the existence of suffering, [156].
Instinct, genesis of, according to Plato, [60].
genesis of, according to Darwin, ib.
Intellectual faculties, system of, [525].
Interbreeding. See Species.
Introspective faculty, power of the, [529].
Intuitive faculty, office of, [525], [526].
Invention in mechanics, [475].
Invention is creation, [142].
Job and his friends, [25] et seq.
Kangaroos, structure of, [98].
Kepler, his laws of the planetary motions, [32].
Knowledge not limited to scientific demonstration, [392].
of ourselves, [520], [521].
Kosmos, the. See Plato.
Lancelet, visual organ of the, [68].
Languages, origin of, [168], [397], [398].
Lemuridæ in the Darwinian pedigree of man, [71].
characteristics of, [99].
Logic, abuse of, [136] et seq.
right use of, [220].
use and misuse of its forms, [145].
Lung in vertebrates, supposed homologue with a swim-bladder, [67].
conversion of, from swim-bladder, [97].
Macaulay, Lord, his depreciation of natural theology, [24] et seq.
Macbeth, Lady, her sleep-walking analyzed, [491]-499.
Man, dignity of, how to be treated, [9], [10].
bodily structure of, [109].
common ancestor of, and the apes, [71], [100].
constructive faculty of, [346].
immortality of, [12], [13].
liability to certain diseases, [110].
moral accountability of, [9], [10].
origin of, [348].
pedigree of, according to Darwin, [70]-72.
rank of, in scale of being, [101].
Marriage, scientific view of, [381].
Marsupials in the Darwinian pedigree of man, [71].
ancient, [98].
Matter, primordial, according to Plato, [45].
Matter and spirit contrasted, [477].
Medium, effect of change of, [248], [249].
Mind, origin of, [8], [9].
a created being, [407] et seq.
a spiritual creation, [401]-404.
contrasted theories of, [533] et seq.
evolution origin of the, [538].
evolution theory of origin of, [394] et seq.
is an organism, [476].
of animals below man, [80], [81].
origin and nature of, [467]-546.
origin of, according to Darwin, [78].
origin of, according to Plato, [79], [80].
structure of, [502].
substance of, [509].
systems of, [523] et seq.
the human, placed under certain laws, [389], [390].
Miracles, meaning of, [129].
Miraculous interposition not necessary, [163].
Modern civilization, what it owes to belief in special creation, [164]-166.
Monkeys, two great stems of, [71].
Catarrhine, or Old-World, [100].
Monotheism, its influence on philosophy, [138].
origin of, [342].
Monotremata, division of the mammalian series, [98].
Moral injunctions, sacred origin of, [418].
Moral injunctions, Spencer's denial of, [427] et seq., [433].
Moral law, capacity of human beings to receive, [420].
scientific view of the, [420] et seq.
Moral purposes in the phenomena of nature, [387], [388].
Moral sense, origin of, [86].
Morphology, how it supports evolution, [202].
Mosaic account of creation, rationality of, [366] et seq.
Murder, punishment of, moral foundation for, [166].
"Music of the spheres," origin of the phrase, [37].
Nascent organs, meaning of, [111], [112].
"Natural," meaning of, [214].
Natural theology, progress of, from Thales to Plato and Aristotle, [28], [29].
importance of, [43].
Nervous organization, Spencer's view of, [409] et seq.
Newton, Sir Isaac, discovers the law of universal gravitation, [33].
deduces a personal God from nature, [331], note.
his General Scholium, [332].
Noumenon, an invented word, [269].
Number. See Dekad, and Pythagoras.
Opossums, structure of, [98].
Orthodoxy, Plato's idea of, as suggested in his "Republic," [296], [297].
Oviparous animals, [98].
Pairs, of animals, opposite views of, [405].
Pairs, assumed existence of, [537].
Parasites, how to be viewed, [151] et seq.
Pattern of structure, argument concerning, [204].
Pedigree, rule for tracing, [185]-187.
Pedigree of man, Darwinian, [70] et seq.
Phenomenon and noumenon, [268].
Philolaus as quoted by Grote, [35].
Philosophy, modern and ancient compared, [24] et seq.
Physicians in Plato's time, [40].
Placental mammals, [99].
Plato, period of, [28], note.
as given in "Timæus," [298].
his Demiurgus, [287], [288].
his genealogy of the gods, [298], note.
his Kosmos and Darwin's hypothesis compared, [44]-86.
his origin of religious beliefs as given in "Republic," [296].
his triplicity of souls, [39].
his view of rudiments, [74], [75].
originality of, [289], [290].
Polytheism, origin of, [342].
Power, distinct from substance, [226], [233], note; [339] et seq.
an attribute of mind, [386].
of nature, limited, [343]-345.
Primitive beliefs, not necessarily wrong, [132] et seq.
"Principle" of construction, [106], [107].
Probability, force of, in reasoning, [7].
Psychology, needs a new birth, [546].
Ptolemaic system, description of, [31].
Pyramids, why referable to mind, [390], [391].
Pythagoras, school of, [34] et seq.
Quadrumana, in the Darwinian pedigree of man, [71].
and other mammals, [99].
Races, what are, [372].
Raphael, created images, [143].
Religion, what is, [11], [12].
natural, [23].
when in conflict with science, [11]-13, [399].
Religious consciousness, Spencer's origin of, [284].
Reproduction, two grand systems of, [107], [108].
Reproductive process, parallel in the, [110].
Reptiles, Plato's origin of, [58].
Resurrection, St. Paul's doctrine of the, [468].
Revelation, how treated in this work, [23].
purpose of, [540].
Roman civilization, lacked belief in creation, [164].
law, slavery under, [165].
Rudiments, Plato's view of, [74], [75].
instances of, [111]-114, [124], [125].
Sacrum, analysis of the human, [215].
structure of the female, [220].
Savages, beliefs of, [60], [61].
Science, domain of, [391], [392].
present tendency of, [352].
tendencies of, [127].
values of, [291].
when in conflict with religion, meaning of, [11], [12].
wrong aims of, [545].
Scott, Sir Walter, his reliance on thoughts obtained during sleep, [490], note.
Secularization of morals discussed, [434] et seq.
Segments. See Articulata; Vertebrates.
Selection, natural, [65], [72], [89].
limitations to, [91].
office of, [72].
sexual, [66], [72], [89].
Senses, the corporeal, [503].
Sexes, origin of, in Plato's Kosmos, [55].
in Nature, [221], [354] et seq., [378].
Sexual love, in men and brutes, [379].
moral and social phenomena of, [382].
Sexual union, operation of, [234] et seq.
Sexual unions, purpose of, [384], [385].
Shakespeare, created imaginary persons, [140], [141].
Simiadæ, general term for monkeys, [99].
Simonides, poetical theologies of, [24] et seq.
Sixteenth century, intellectual habits in the, [21].
Sin, how to be viewed, [148], note.
Slavery, under the Roman law, [165].
Sleep, phenomena of, [479] et seq.
better thoughts during, [489].
Society, phenomena of, [334] et seq.
Solar system, how viewed by the Greeks, [31] et seq.
origin of, [168], [172], [301].
Somnambulism, phenomena of, [491].
Soul, meaning of, [478].
Souls, of men, genesis of, in Plato's Kosmos, [51], [76], [77].
transmigration of, [78].
triplicity of, [51], [76], [77].
Space, illimitable, concepts of, [260] et seq.
Species, finality of, [157] et seq.
meaning of, [372] et seq.
Spencer, Herbert, his theory of animal evolution, [7], [8].
answers to his objections, [145] et seq.
attacks "the current creed," [434].
creation is something made out of nothing, [136].
creation incapable of being conceived, [136].
creation not supported by any proof, [135].
his agnosticism examined, [257] et seq.
his argument from parasites, [151] et seq.
his denial of the possibility of knowing mind, [508].
his doctrine of evolution, [131].
his ethical system, [427] et seq.
his ghost-theory, [284] et seq.
his origin of man, [348]-351, [357].
his psychological system, [408] et seq.
his psychology criticised, [470], [504].
his theory of mind, [510]-516.
his theory of the moral sense, [418], [423].
his treatment of the divine attributes, [293].
his "unknown cause," [163], [166].
how his theory differs from Darwin's, [225].
on the evolution of mind, [64].
on the evolution of animals, [179].
on universal law of evolution, [167].
special creations presumptively absurd, [132] et seq.
St. Paul, his doctrine of the resurrection, [468].
Struggle for existence, meaning of, [88].
Substance, distinct from power, [233].
of mind, [469].
Substitution and suppression of organs, [236] et seq.
"Supernatural," meaning of, [214].
"Survival of the fittest," meaning of, [65], [66].
Swim-bladder, supposed homologue of a lung, [67].
conversion of, [96].
Taine, M., his views of the objects of history, [545].
Telescope, formation of the, [68]-70.
Thales, philosophy of, [24], [27], [28].
period of, [28], note.
Theology, the current, not to be considered, [145].
Time, beginning of, in Plato's Kosmos, [48].
conception of endless, [262] et seq.
Transmigration, from animal to animal, [54]-59.
Typical plan, concealed in the ante-fœtal germ, [238].
Uniformity. See Pattern.
Varieties, what are, [372].
Vertebral column, analysis of, [215].
Voltaire, saying of, [25].
Von Baer, his embryologic law, [229].
Vortices. See Descartes.
Women, origin of, in Plato's Kosmos, [55].

THE END.