LIST OF ENGRAVINGS.
(The Engravings not otherwise acknowledged are from original Drawings.)
Page
1. Frontispiece.—The Sangu, or Abyssinian Ox [i]
2. Stomach of Manilla Buffalo [4]
3. Gastro-duct (Œsophagean Canal), after Flourens [6]
4. Stomach of a young Calf [12]
5. Stomach of a full-grown Cow [13]
6. Skull of Domestic Ox [17]
7. Skeleton of Domestic Ox [20]
8. American Bison [21]
9. Young Female Bison [23]
10. Wounded Bison [24]
11. Indian shooting a Bison [29]
12. Bison surrounded by Wolves [32]
13. Bison Calf, after Cuvier [33]
14. Skin Canoes of the Mandan Indians [36]
15. Head of young Male Bison [39]
16. Aurochs, or European Bison [40]
17. Yak, from Asiatic Transactions [45]
18. Yak, from Oriental Annual [49]
19. Gyall (Bos Frontalis) [51]
20. Head of Gyall [53]
21. Gayal, from Asiatic Transactions [58]
22. Head of Asseel Gayal [67]
23. Domestic Gayal [68]
24. Skull of Domestic Gayal [69]
25. Occipital View of the same Skull [ib.]
26. Head of Domestic Gayal [ib.]
27. Jungly Gau, after Cuvier [71]
28. Syrian Ox, anon. [74]
29. Italian Buffalo—Brandt and Ratzeburg [76]
30. Herefordshire Cow, after Howitt [80]
31. Manilla Buffalo [81]
32. Outlines of Buffaloes Backs [82]
33. Head of Manilla Buffalo [83]
34. Pulo Condore Buffalo [84]
35. Short-horned Bull, after Howitt [85]
36. Cape Buffalo [86]
37. Young Cape Buffalo, after Col. Smith [90]
38. Head of Cape Buffalo [94]
39. Pegasse, from a Drawing in the Berlin Library [95]
40. Horns of Cape Buffalo [96]
41. Gaur, from Specimen in British Museum [97]
42. Horns of Gaur, Edin. Phil. Trans. [103]
43. Head of Gaur [104]
44. Arnee, from Shaw's Zoology [105]
45. Horns of Young Arnee, from 'The Bee' [107]
46. Horns of Arnee, from Mus. Coll. Surg. [108]
47. Horns of Arnee, from British Museum [ib.]
48. Arnee from Indian Painting [111]
49. Zamouse, or Bush Cow [112]
50. Head of Zamouse [114]
51. Musk Ox [115]
52. Foot of Musk Ox, Griff., Cuv. [117]
53. Head of Musk Ox [119]
54. Horns of Galla Ox, Mus. Coll. Surg. [123]
55. Horns of Hungarian Ox, Brit. Mus. [124]
56. Brahmin Bull, Harvey, Zool. Gar. [125]
57. Zebu (var. β), after Cuvier [128]
58. Zebus (var. γ) and Car, anon. [129]
59. Zebu (var. δ), anon. [132]
60. African Bull, Harvey [137]
61. Eyes of African Bull, Harvey [139]
62. Lateral Hoofs of African Bull, Harvey [ib.]
63. Dewlap of African Bull, Harvey [139]
64. Chillingham Bull [140]
65. Heads of Chillingham Cattle [148]
66. Kyloe, or Highland Ox, Howitt [150]
67. Free Martin, Hunter's Animal Economy [156]
Skull of Domestic Ox, (repetition of fig. 6) [158]
68. Skull of Short-nosed Ox of the Pampas [159]
69. Outlines of Manilla Buffalo [174]
70. Hungarian Ox, from British Museum [175]
71. Banteng, from a Specimen in Brit. Mus. [185]
72. Alderney Cow, after Howitt [189]
INTRODUCTION.
Ruminantia is the term used by naturalists to designate those mammiferous quadrupeds which chew the cud; or, in other words, which swallow their food, in the first instance, with a very slight mastication, and afterwards regurgitate it, in order that it may undergo a second and more complete mastication: this second operation is called ruminating, or chewing the cud. The order of animals which possess this peculiarity, is divided into nine groups or genera, namely:—
Camels.
Llamas.
Musks.
Deer.
Giraffes.
Antelopes.
Goats.
Sheep.
Oxen.
The last named forms the subject of the following pages, and is called, in zoological language, the Genus Bos, in popular language, the Ox Tribe.