LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

[Niagara Falls from the Canadian Side]Frontispiece.
[The Horseshoe Fall from Goat Island]Opposite page 6
[Luna Fall and Island in Winter]11
[The Rapids above the Falls]17
[The Youngest Inhabitant]22
[Mouth of the Chasm and Brock's Monument]29
[Niagara Falls from Below]54
[Great Icicles under the American Fall]60
[Winter Foliage]66
[Ice Bridge and Frost Freaks]69
[Coasting below the American Fall]70
[Second Moss Island Bridge]76
[Joel R. Robinson]86
[The Maid of the Mist in the Whirlpool]91
[Fisher and the Bear]97
[Fall of Table Rock]109
[Rock of Ages and Whirlwind Bridge]114
[The Three Sisters or Moss Islands]125
[How the Suspension Bridge was Begun]137
[Blondin Crossing the Niagara]145
[Indian Women Selling Bead-work]148
[Yosemite Falls]164
[Bridal Veil Fall]166
[Vernal Falls]168
[Nevada Falls]171
[Lower Falls of the Yellowstone]172
[Upper Falls of the Yellowstone]174
[The Staubbach, Switzerland]176
[Victoria Falls, Zambesi]178
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[Map of the Niagara Region]1

PREFACE.

The writer, having resided in the village of Niagara Falls for more than a third of a century, has had opportunity to become thoroughly acquainted with the locality, and to study it with constantly increasing interest and admiration. Long observation enables him to offer some new suggestions in regard to the geological age of the Falls, their retrocession, and the causes which have been potent in producing it; and also to demonstrate the existence of a barrier or dam that was once the shore of an immense fresh-water sea, which reached from Niagara to Lake Michigan, and emptied its waters into the Gulf of Mexico.