Third week. A Bird's-eye View of the Animal Kingdom. One day. Development of a multicellular organism. (Use models.) One day. Physiological division of labor. Tissues, organs. Functions common to all animals. Illustrative material. Optional trip to museum for use of illustrative material to illustrate the principal characteristics of (a) a simple metazoan, sponge, or hydrazoan, (b) a segmented worm, (c) a crustacean (Decapod), (d) an insect, (e) a mollusk and echinoderm, (f) vertebrates. (Differences between vertebrates and invertebrates.) The characteristics of the vertebrates. Distinguish between fishes, amphibia, reptiles, birds, mammals. Two days for discussion. Man's place in the animal series, elementary discussion of what evolution means.
Fourth week. The Economic Importance of Animals. Uses of animals: (1) As food. Directly: fish, shellfish, birds, domesticated mammals. (2) Indirectly as food: protozoa, crustacea. (3) They destroy harmful animals and plants. Snakes—birds; birds—insects; birds—weed seeds; herbivorous animals—weeds. (4) Furnish clothing, etc. Pearl buttons, etc. (5) Animal industries, silkworm culture, etc. (6) Domesticated animals.
Animals do harm: (1) To gardens. (2) To crops. (3) To stored food; examples, rats, insects, etc. (4) To forest and shade trees. (5) To human life. Disease: parasitism and its results,—examples, from worms, etc.; disease carriers fly, etc. Preventive measures. Methods of extermination.
References to Toothaker's Commercial Raw Materials. Use one day for laboratory work from references.
Fifth week. The Study of a Water-breathing Vertebrate. Two days. The fish, adaptations in body, fins, for food getting, for breathing. Structure of gills shown. Laboratory demonstration to show how water gets to the gills. Drawings. Outline of fish, gills. Required trip to aquarium. Object, to see fish in environment. One day. Home work at market. Why are some fish more expensive than others. Economic importance of fish. Relation of habits of (a) food getting, (b) spawning to catching and extermination of fish. Two days. Means of preventing overfishing, stocking, fishing laws, artificial fertilization of eggs, methods. Development of fish egg. Comparison with that of frog and bird.
Sixth week. The Factors Underlying Plant and Animal Breeding. Study of pupils in class to show heredity and variation. Conclusion. Animals tend to vary and to be like their ancestors. Heredity, rôle of sex cells, chromosomes. Principles of plant breeding. Selective planting, hybridizing, work of Darwin, Mendel, De Vries, and Burbank. Methods and results. Animal breeding, examples given, results. Improvement of man: (1) by control of environment, (a) example of clean-up campaign, 1913; (2) by control of individual, personal hygiene, and control of heredity. Eugenics. Examples from Davenport, Goddard, etc.
Seventh week. The Human Machine. Skin, bones and muscles, function of each. Examples and demonstration with skeleton. Organs of body cavity; show manikin. Work done by cells in body.
Eighth week. Study of Foods to determine: (a) nutritive value. Exercise with food charts to determine foods rich in water, starch, sugar, fats, proteins, mineral salts, refuse. One day. (b) Nutritive value of foods as related to work, age, sex, environment, cost, and digestibility. Foods compared to determine what is really a cheap food.
Ninth week. How the Fuel Value of Food has been Determined. The dietaries of Atwater, Chittenden, and Voit. The 100-calorie portion table and its use.
Tenth week. The Application of the 100-calorie Portion to the Making of the Daily Dietaries. Luncheon dietaries. A balanced dietary for pupil for one day. Family dietaries. Relation to cost. Reasons for this.