History of the Negro Race in America from 1619 to 1880. Vol. 2 / Negroes as Slaves, as Soldiers, and as Citizens

by George Washington Williams

	Universities and colleges.			Schools of theology.			Schools of law.
States	Schools.	Teachers.	Pupils.	Schools.	Teachers.	Pupils.	Schools.	Teachers.	Pupils.
Alabama	.	.	.	3	3	14	.	.	.
Georgia	1	13	71	1	3	113	.	.	.
Kentucky	1	12	180	.	.	.	.	.	.
Louisiana	3	22	443	3	4	92	1	4	28
Maryland	.	.	.	1	6	29	.	.	.
Mississippi	2	16	453	2	4	48	1	1	6
North Carolina	1	9	151	3	8	73	.	.	.
Ohio	1	15	150	1	7	16	.	.	.
Pennsylvania	1	9	74	1	7	22	.	.	.
South Carolina	1	10	165	1	2	28	.	.	.
Tennessee	2	26	213	3	12	107	.	.	.
Texas	1	.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
Virginia	1	.	.	1	10	86	.	.	.
District of Columbia	1	5	33	2	13	134	1	3	8
Total	16	137	1,933	22	79	762	3	8	42

Summary of statistics of institutions for the instruction of the Colored race for 1879.—Continued.

	Schools of medicine.			Schools for the deaf and dumb and the blind.
States	Schools.	Teachers.	Pupils.	Schools.	Teachers.	Pupils.
Louisiana	1	5	8	.	.	.
Maryland	.	.	.	1	1	30
Mississippi	1	1	4	.	.	.
North Carolina	.	.	.	1	15	90
Tennessee	1	9	22	.	.	.
District of Columbia	1	8	65	.	.	.
Total	4	23	99	2	16	120

Table showing the number of schools for the Colored race and enrolment in them by institutions without reference to States.

Class of institutions.	Schools.	Enrolment.
Public schools	a14,341	a585,942
Normal schools	42	6,171
Institutions for secondary instruction	42	5,297
Universities and colleges	16	1,933
Schools of theology	22	762
Schools of law	3	42
Schools of medicine	4	99
Schools for the deaf and dumb and the blind	2	120
Total	14,472	700,366

a To these should be added 417 schools, having an enrolment of 20,487 in reporting free States, making total number of Colored public schools 14,758, and total enrolment in them 706,429; this makes the total number of schools, as far as reported, 14,889, and total number of the Colored race under instruction in them 720,853. The Colored public schools of those States in which no separate reports are made, however, are not included; and the Colored pupils in white schools cannot be enumerated.

Virginia has done more intelligent and effective educational work than any other State in the South. The Hon. W. H. Ruffner has no equal in America as a superintendent of public instruction. He is the Horace Mann of the South.

It appears from the reports of the Freedmen's Bureau that the earliest school for freedmen was opened by the American Missionary Association at Fortress Monroe, September, 1861; and before the close of the war, Hampton and Norfolk were leading points where educational operations were conducted; but after the cessation of hostilities, teachers were sent from Northern States, and schools for freedmen were opened in all parts of the State.

The Colored normal school at Richmond, and the one at Hampton, were commenced in 1867 and 1868. Captain C. S. Schaeffer, Bureau officer at Christiansburg, commenced his remarkable efforts about the same time in Montgomery County.