The Old Franciscan Missions Of California

by George Wharton James

• [I. HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION]
• [II. THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE MISSIONS OF LOWER CALIFORNIA (MEXICO) AND ALTA CALIFORNIA (UNITED STATES)]
• [III. THE MISSIONS FOUNDED BY PADRE JUNIPERO SERRA]
• [IV. THE MISSIONS FOUNDED BY PADRE FERMIN FRANCISCO LASUEN]
• [V. THE FOUNDING OF SANTA INÉS, SAN RAFAEL AND SAN FRANCISCO SOLANO]
• [VI. THE INDIANS AT THE COMING OF THE PADRES]
• [VII. THE INDIANS UNDER THE PADRES]
• [VIII. THE SECULARIZATION OF THE MISSIONS]
• [IX. SAN DIEGO DE ALCALÁ]
• [X. SAN CARLOS BORROMEO]
• [XI. THE PRESIDIO CHURCH AT MONTEREY]
• [XII. SAN ANTONIO DE PADUA]
• [XIII. SAN GABRIEL, ARCÁNGEL]
• [XIV. SAN LUIS OBISPO DE TOLOSA]
• [XV. SAN FRANCISCO DE ASIS]
• [XVI. SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO]
• [XVII. SANTA CLARA DE ASIS]
• [XVIII. SAN BUENAVENTURA]
• [XIX. SANTA BARBARA]
• [XX. LA PURÍSIMA CONCEPCIÓN]
• [XXI. SANTA CRUZ]
• [XXII. LA SOLEDAD]
• [XXIII. SAN JOSÉ DE GUADALUPE]
• [XXIV. SAN JUAN BAUTISTA]
• [XXV. SAN MIGUEL, ARCÁNGEL]
• [XXVI. SAN FERNANDO, REY DE ESPAGNA]
• [XXVII. SAN Luis, REY DE FRANCIA]
• [XXVIII. SANTA INÉS]
• [XXIX. SAN RAFAEL, ARCÁNGEL]
• [XXX. SAN FRANCISCO SOLANO]
• [XXXI. THE MISSION CHAPELS OR ASISTENCIAS]
• [XXXII. THE PRESENT CONDITION OF THE MISSION INDIANS]
• [XXXIII. MISSION ARCHITECTURE]
• [XXXIV. THE GLEN WOOD MISSION INN]
• [XXXV. THE INTERIOR DECORATIONS OF THE MISSIONS]
• [XXXVI. HOW TO REACH THE MISSIONS]

---

List of Illustrations

• [MISSION SAN Luis KEY......Frontispiece]
• [JUNIPERO SERRA]
• [MAP OF THE COAST OF CALIFORNIA]
• [SERRA MEMORIAL CROSS, MONTEREY, CALIF]
• [SERRA CROSS ON MT. RUBIDOUX, RIVERSIDE, CALIF]
• [SERRA STATUE ERECTED BY MRS. LELAND STANFORD, AT MONTEREY]
• [STATUE TO JUNIPERO SERRA, THE GIFT OF JAMES D PHELAN, IN GOLDEN GATE PARK, SAN FRANCISCO]
• [EASTER SUNRISE SERVICE UNDER SERRA CROSS, MT. RUBIDOUX]
• [MEMORIAL TABLET AND GRAVES OF PADRES SERRA, CRESPI AND LASUEN, IN MISSION SAN CARLOS BORROMEO]
• [MISSION SAN CARLOS AND BAY OF MONTEREY]
• [JUNIPERO OAK, SAN CARLOS PRESIDIO MISSION]
• [STATUE OF SAN LUIS REY, AT PALA MISSION CHAPEL]
• [FACHADA OF THE RUINED MISSION OF SAN DIEGO]
• [OLD MISSION OF SAN DIEGO AND SISTERS' SCHOOL FOR INDIAN CHILDREN]
• [MAIN ENTRANCE ARCH AT MISSION SAN DIEGO]
• [THE TOWER AT MISSION SAN CARLOS BORROMEO]
• [PRESIDIO CHURCH AND PRIEST'S RESIDENCE, MONTEREY, CALIF]
• [MISSION SAN CARLOS]
• [MISSION SAN ANTONIO DE PADUA]
• [PRESIDIO CHURCH, MONTEREY]
• [RUINS OF MISSION SAN ANTONIO DE PADUA]
• [DUTTON HOTEL, JOLON]
• [RUINED CORRIDORS AT SAN ANTONIO DE PADUA]
• [INTERIOR OF MISSION SAN ANTONIO DE PADUA]
• [REAR OF CHURCH, MISSION SAN ANTONIO DE PADUA]
• [RUINS OF THE ARCHES, MISSION SAN ANTONIO DE PADUA]
• [MISSION SAN GABRIEL, ARCÁNGEL]
• [MISSION SAN GABRIEL, ARCÁNGEL]
• [SAN LUIS OBISPO BEFORE RESTORATION]
• [RUINED MISSION OF SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO]
• [THE RESTORED MISSION OF SAN LUIS OBISPO]
• [FACHADA OF MISSION SAN FRANCISCO]
• [RUINS OF MISSION SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO]
• [ARCHED CLOISTERS AND CORRIDORS AT SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO]
• [CAMPANILE AND RUINS OF MISSION SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO]
• [ENTRANCE TO SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO CHAPEL]
• [INNER COURT AND RUINED ARCHES, MISSION SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO]
• [BELLS OF MISSION SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO]
• [ONE OF THE DOORS, SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO]
• [IN THE AMBULATORY AT SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO]
• [MISSION SANTA CLARA IN 1849]
• [CHURCH OF SANTA CLARA ON THE SITE OF OLD MISSION OF SANTA CLARA]
• [SIDE ENTRANCE AT SAN BUENAVENTURA]
• [FACHADA OF MISSION SAN BUENAVENTURA]
• [STATUE OF SAN BUENAVENTURA]
• [RAWHIDE FASTENING OF MISSION BELL, AND WORM-EATEN BEAM]
• [MISSION SANTA BARBARA]
• [MISSION SANTA BARBARA FROM THE HILLSIDE]
• [INTERIOR OF MISSION SANTA BARBARA]
• [DOOR INTO CEMETERY, SANTA BARBARA]
• [MISSION BELL AT SANTA BARBARA]
• [THE SACRISTY WALL, GARDEN AND TOWERS, MISSION SANTA BARBARA]
• [FACHADA OF MISSION LA PURÍSIMA CONCEPCIÓN]
• [RUINS OF MISSION LA PURÍSIMA CONCEPCIÓN]
• [MISSION SANTA CRUZ]
• [RUINED WALLS OF MISSION LA SOLEDAD]
• [ANOTHER VIEW OF THE WALLS OF MISSION LA SOLEDAD]
• [MISSION SAN JOSÉ, SOON AFTER THE DECREE OF SECULARIZATION]
• [FIGURE OF CHRIST, SAN JOSÉ ORPHANAGE]
• [RUINED WALLS AND NEW BELL TOWER, MISSION SAN JUAN BAUTISTA]
• [FACHADA OF MISSION SAN JUAN BAUTISTA]
• [MISSION SAN JUAN BAUTISTA, FROM THE PLAZA]
• [THE ARCHED CORRIDOR, MISSION SAN JUAN BAUTISTA]
• [DOORWAY, MISSION SAN JUAN BAUTISTA]
• [STAIRWAY LEADING TO PULPIT, MISSION SAN JUAN BAUTISTA]
• [MISSION SAN MIGUEL ARCÁNGEL, FROM THE SOUTH]
• [MISSION SAN MIGUEL ARCÁNGEL AND CORRIDORS]
• [SEEKING TO PREVENT THE PHOTOGRAPHER FROM MAKING A PICTURE OF SAN MIGUEL ARCÁNGEL]
• [OLD PULPIT AT MISSION SAN MIGUEL ARCÁNGEL]
• [RESTORED MONASTERY AND MISSION CHURCH OF SAN FERNANDO REY]
• [CORRIDORS AT SAN FERNANDO REY]
• [SHEEP AT MISSION SAN FERNANDO REY]
• [RUINS OF OLD ADOBE WALL AND CHURCH, SAN FERNANDO REY]
• [MONASTERY AND OLD FOUNTAIN AT MISSION SAN FERNANDO REY]
• [INTERIOR OF RUINED CHURCH, MISSION SAN FERNANDO REY]
• [HOUSE OF MEXICAN, MADE FROM RUINED WALL AND TILES OF MISSION SAN FERNANDO REY]
• [THE RUINED ALTAR, MORTUARY CHAPEL, SAN LUIS REY]
• [ILLUMINATED CHOIR MISSALS, ETC., AT MISSION SAN LUIS REY]
• [BELFRY WINDOW, MISSION SAN FERNANDO REY]
• [GRAVEYARD, RUINS OF MORTUARY CHAPEL, AND TOWER, MISSION SAN LUIS REY]
• [SIDE OF MISSION SAN LUIS REY]
• [THE CAMPANILE AT PALA]
• [MISSION SANTA INÉS]
• [MISSION OF SAN RAFAEL, ARCÁNGEL]
• [MISSION SAN FRANCISCO SOLANO, AT SONOMA]
• [CAMPANILE AND CHAPEL, SAN ANTONIO DE PALA]
• [ANOTHER VIEW OF THE CAMPANILE AND CHAPEL, SAN ANTONIO DE PALA]
• [MAIN DOORWAY AT SANTA MARGARITA CHAPEL]
• [HIGH SCHOOL, RIVERSIDE, CALIF]
• [WALL DECORATIONS ON OLD MISSION CHAPEL OF SAN ANTONIO DE PALA]
• [ARCHES AT GLENWOOD MISSION INN, RIVERSIDE, CALIF.]
• [TOWER, FLYING BUTTRESSES, ETC., GLENWOOD MISSION INN]
• [ARCHES OVER THE SIDEWALK, GLENWOOD MISSION INN]
• [RESIDENCE OF FRED MAIER, LOS ANGELES, CALIF]
• [WASHINGTON SCHOOL, VISALIA, CALIF]
• [THE OLD ALTAR AT THE CHAPEL OF SAN ANTONIO DE PALA]
• [ALTAR AND INTERIOR OF CHAPEL OF SAN ANTONIO DE PALA AFTER REMOVAL OF WALL DECORATIONS PRIZED BY INDIANS]
• [ALTAR AND CEILING DECORATIONS, MISSION SANTA INÉS]
• [INTERIOR OF MISSION SAN FRANCISCO DE ASIS]
• [INTERIOR OF MISSION SAN MIGUEL, FROM THE CHOIR GALLERY]
• [ARCHES, SOUTHERN PACIFIC RAILWAY DEPOT, SANTA BARBARA, CALIF]
• [FACHADA OF MISSION CHAPEL AT Los ANGELES]
• [THE CITY HALL, SANTA MONICA, CALIF]
• [MISSION CHAPEL AT LOS ANGELES, FROM THE PLAZA PARK]
• [RESIDENCE IN LOS ANGELES, SHOWING INFLUENCE OF MISSION STYLE OF ARCHITECTURE]

• [MISSION SAN Luis KEY......Frontispiece]
• [JUNIPERO SERRA]
• [MAP OF THE COAST OF CALIFORNIA]
• [SERRA MEMORIAL CROSS, MONTEREY, CALIF]
• [SERRA CROSS ON MT. RUBIDOUX, RIVERSIDE, CALIF]
• [SERRA STATUE ERECTED BY MRS. LELAND STANFORD, AT MONTEREY]
• [STATUE TO JUNIPERO SERRA, THE GIFT OF JAMES D PHELAN, IN GOLDEN GATE PARK, SAN FRANCISCO]
• [EASTER SUNRISE SERVICE UNDER SERRA CROSS, MT. RUBIDOUX]
• [MEMORIAL TABLET AND GRAVES OF PADRES SERRA, CRESPI AND LASUEN, IN MISSION SAN CARLOS BORROMEO]
• [MISSION SAN CARLOS AND BAY OF MONTEREY]
• [JUNIPERO OAK, SAN CARLOS PRESIDIO MISSION]
• [STATUE OF SAN LUIS REY, AT PALA MISSION CHAPEL]
• [FACHADA OF THE RUINED MISSION OF SAN DIEGO]
• [OLD MISSION OF SAN DIEGO AND SISTERS' SCHOOL FOR INDIAN CHILDREN]
• [MAIN ENTRANCE ARCH AT MISSION SAN DIEGO]
• [THE TOWER AT MISSION SAN CARLOS BORROMEO]
• [PRESIDIO CHURCH AND PRIEST'S RESIDENCE, MONTEREY, CALIF]
• [MISSION SAN CARLOS]
• [MISSION SAN ANTONIO DE PADUA]
• [PRESIDIO CHURCH, MONTEREY]
• [RUINS OF MISSION SAN ANTONIO DE PADUA]
• [DUTTON HOTEL, JOLON]
• [RUINED CORRIDORS AT SAN ANTONIO DE PADUA]
• [INTERIOR OF MISSION SAN ANTONIO DE PADUA]
• [REAR OF CHURCH, MISSION SAN ANTONIO DE PADUA]
• [RUINS OF THE ARCHES, MISSION SAN ANTONIO DE PADUA]
• [MISSION SAN GABRIEL, ARCÁNGEL]
• [MISSION SAN GABRIEL, ARCÁNGEL]
• [SAN LUIS OBISPO BEFORE RESTORATION]
• [RUINED MISSION OF SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO]
• [THE RESTORED MISSION OF SAN LUIS OBISPO]
• [FACHADA OF MISSION SAN FRANCISCO]
• [RUINS OF MISSION SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO]
• [ARCHED CLOISTERS AND CORRIDORS AT SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO]
• [CAMPANILE AND RUINS OF MISSION SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO]
• [ENTRANCE TO SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO CHAPEL]
• [INNER COURT AND RUINED ARCHES, MISSION SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO]
• [BELLS OF MISSION SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO]
• [ONE OF THE DOORS, SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO]
• [IN THE AMBULATORY AT SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO]
• [MISSION SANTA CLARA IN 1849]
• [CHURCH OF SANTA CLARA ON THE SITE OF OLD MISSION OF SANTA CLARA]
• [SIDE ENTRANCE AT SAN BUENAVENTURA]
• [FACHADA OF MISSION SAN BUENAVENTURA]
• [STATUE OF SAN BUENAVENTURA]
• [RAWHIDE FASTENING OF MISSION BELL, AND WORM-EATEN BEAM]
• [MISSION SANTA BARBARA]
• [MISSION SANTA BARBARA FROM THE HILLSIDE]
• [INTERIOR OF MISSION SANTA BARBARA]
• [DOOR INTO CEMETERY, SANTA BARBARA]
• [MISSION BELL AT SANTA BARBARA]
• [THE SACRISTY WALL, GARDEN AND TOWERS, MISSION SANTA BARBARA]
• [FACHADA OF MISSION LA PURÍSIMA CONCEPCIÓN]
• [RUINS OF MISSION LA PURÍSIMA CONCEPCIÓN]
• [MISSION SANTA CRUZ]
• [RUINED WALLS OF MISSION LA SOLEDAD]
• [ANOTHER VIEW OF THE WALLS OF MISSION LA SOLEDAD]
• [MISSION SAN JOSÉ, SOON AFTER THE DECREE OF SECULARIZATION]
• [FIGURE OF CHRIST, SAN JOSÉ ORPHANAGE]
• [RUINED WALLS AND NEW BELL TOWER, MISSION SAN JUAN BAUTISTA]
• [FACHADA OF MISSION SAN JUAN BAUTISTA]
• [MISSION SAN JUAN BAUTISTA, FROM THE PLAZA]
• [THE ARCHED CORRIDOR, MISSION SAN JUAN BAUTISTA]
• [DOORWAY, MISSION SAN JUAN BAUTISTA]
• [STAIRWAY LEADING TO PULPIT, MISSION SAN JUAN BAUTISTA]
• [MISSION SAN MIGUEL ARCÁNGEL, FROM THE SOUTH]
• [MISSION SAN MIGUEL ARCÁNGEL AND CORRIDORS]
• [SEEKING TO PREVENT THE PHOTOGRAPHER FROM MAKING A PICTURE OF SAN MIGUEL ARCÁNGEL]
• [OLD PULPIT AT MISSION SAN MIGUEL ARCÁNGEL]
• [RESTORED MONASTERY AND MISSION CHURCH OF SAN FERNANDO REY]
• [CORRIDORS AT SAN FERNANDO REY]
• [SHEEP AT MISSION SAN FERNANDO REY]
• [RUINS OF OLD ADOBE WALL AND CHURCH, SAN FERNANDO REY]
• [MONASTERY AND OLD FOUNTAIN AT MISSION SAN FERNANDO REY]
• [INTERIOR OF RUINED CHURCH, MISSION SAN FERNANDO REY]
• [HOUSE OF MEXICAN, MADE FROM RUINED WALL AND TILES OF MISSION SAN FERNANDO REY]
• [THE RUINED ALTAR, MORTUARY CHAPEL, SAN LUIS REY]
• [ILLUMINATED CHOIR MISSALS, ETC., AT MISSION SAN LUIS REY]
• [BELFRY WINDOW, MISSION SAN FERNANDO REY]
• [GRAVEYARD, RUINS OF MORTUARY CHAPEL, AND TOWER, MISSION SAN LUIS REY]
• [SIDE OF MISSION SAN LUIS REY]
• [THE CAMPANILE AT PALA]
• [MISSION SANTA INÉS]
• [MISSION OF SAN RAFAEL, ARCÁNGEL]
• [MISSION SAN FRANCISCO SOLANO, AT SONOMA]
• [CAMPANILE AND CHAPEL, SAN ANTONIO DE PALA]
• [ANOTHER VIEW OF THE CAMPANILE AND CHAPEL, SAN ANTONIO DE PALA]
• [MAIN DOORWAY AT SANTA MARGARITA CHAPEL]
• [HIGH SCHOOL, RIVERSIDE, CALIF]
• [WALL DECORATIONS ON OLD MISSION CHAPEL OF SAN ANTONIO DE PALA]
• [ARCHES AT GLENWOOD MISSION INN, RIVERSIDE, CALIF.]
• [TOWER, FLYING BUTTRESSES, ETC., GLENWOOD MISSION INN]
• [ARCHES OVER THE SIDEWALK, GLENWOOD MISSION INN]
• [RESIDENCE OF FRED MAIER, LOS ANGELES, CALIF]
• [WASHINGTON SCHOOL, VISALIA, CALIF]
• [THE OLD ALTAR AT THE CHAPEL OF SAN ANTONIO DE PALA]
• [ALTAR AND INTERIOR OF CHAPEL OF SAN ANTONIO DE PALA AFTER REMOVAL OF WALL DECORATIONS PRIZED BY INDIANS]
• [ALTAR AND CEILING DECORATIONS, MISSION SANTA INÉS]
• [INTERIOR OF MISSION SAN FRANCISCO DE ASIS]
• [INTERIOR OF MISSION SAN MIGUEL, FROM THE CHOIR GALLERY]
• [ARCHES, SOUTHERN PACIFIC RAILWAY DEPOT, SANTA BARBARA, CALIF]
• [FACHADA OF MISSION CHAPEL AT Los ANGELES]
• [THE CITY HALL, SANTA MONICA, CALIF]
• [MISSION CHAPEL AT LOS ANGELES, FROM THE PLAZA PARK]
• [RESIDENCE IN LOS ANGELES, SHOWING INFLUENCE OF MISSION STYLE OF ARCHITECTURE]

---

The Old Franciscan Missions
of California

CHAPTER I

HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION

In the popular mind there is a misapprehension that is as deep-seated as it is ill-founded. It is that the California Missions are the only Missions (except one or two in Arizona and a few in Texas) and that they are the oldest in the country. This is entirely an error. A look at a few dates and historic facts will soon correct this mistake.