[25] These facts are too well known to need illustration; cf. Nissen, Templum, 144; Bloch, Orig. d. sén. 1 ff.
[26] Varro, L. L. v. 55. Tribus = tri-bu-s: bu- is related to φυ- “to grow,” Skt. bhū-; tribus, corresponding to φυ-λή, would then signify “three-branch;” Corssen, Ausspr. i. 163; Pott, Etym. Forsch. i. 111, 217; ii. 441; Vaniček, Etym. Wörterb. d. lat. Spr. 69; Griech.-lat. etym. Wörterb. 636; Bloch, ibid. 9. Schlossman, in Archiv f. lat. Lexicog. xiv (1905). 25-40, connecting tribus with tres, interprets it not as a third but as an indefinite part, cf. entzweien with the meaning to divide in several parts. Schrader, Reallex. 801, is doubtful as to the etymology; cf. Walde, Lat. etym. Wörterb. 636. The connection of the word with tres is denied by Madvig, Röm. Staat. i. 96; Nissen, Ital. Landesk. ii. 8, n. 5. Christ, in Sitzb. d. bayer. Akad. 1906. 204, prefers to connect it with Celt *trebo- (Old Irish treb), “house,” Goth. thaúrp, “village.” Oscan trebo- also means “house.”
[27] The existence of four Ionic tribes in all Ionic cities cannot be maintained; cf. Wilamowitz-Möllendorff, in Sitzb. d. Berl. Akad. 1906. 71.
[28] The tribus Sapinia was the territory of the Sapinian community (Livy xxxi. 2. 6; xxxiii. 37. 1), just as the trifu Tarinate was the territory of the community (tuta, tota, Osc. touto; Tab. Bant. 2) Tadinum; Tab. Iguv. vi. b. 54; cf. iii. 24; Buck, Grammar of Oscan and Umbrian, 278 f., 298; Bücheler, Umbrica, see index, s. Tref, Trefiper; Kornemann, in Klio, v. 87.
[29] Christ, in Sitzb. d. bayer. Akad. 1906. 207.
[30] Livy i. 55. 3 f.; CIL. ix. 1618, 5565; Nissen, Ital. Landesk. ii. 8 ff.; Kornemann, in Klio, v. 80.
[31] Dion. Hal. iv. 15; Nissen, Ital. Landesk. ii. 9-15. Doubtless oppidum applied primarily to the enclosing wall, thence to the space enclosed; Caes. B. G. v. 21; Varro, L. L. v. 153. From the beginning it must have been the chief or central settlement of the pagus, though the organization was not urban but territorial-tribal; cf. Pöhlmann, Anfänge Roms, 40 ff.
[32] Livy ix. 41. 6; x. 18. 8; CIL. i. 199; Isid. Etym. xv. 2. 11: “Vici et castella et pagi sunt quae nulla dignitate civitatis ornantur, sed vulgari hominum conventu incoluntur et propter parvitatem sui maioribus civitatibus attribuuntur;” Fest. ep. 72; Nissen, ibid. 11.
[33] Thus the three tribes of Cyrene were made up each of a nationality or group of nationalities (Hdt. iv. 161), and the ten tribes of Thurii were named after the nationalities of which they were respectively composed; Diod. xii. 11. 3.
[34] The Romans founded their colonies according to Etruscan rites, and they believed their city to have been established in the same way; Varro, L. L. v. 143; Cato, in Serv. in Aen. v. 755; Fest. 237. 18; Kornemann, in Klio, v. 88. The word Roma is now declared to be Etruscan; Schultze, Lat. Eigennam. 579 ff.; Schmidt, Karl Fr. W., in Berl. Philol. Woch. 1906. 1656.