[348] Law of the Twelve Tables, in Gell. xvi. 10. 5; Schöll, Leg. Duod. Tab. Rel. 116; Bruns, Font. iur. 18 f.; Cic. Rosc. Am. 18. 51; Att. iv. 8 a. 3; Fest. ep. 9; Charis. p. 75 (Keil). The derivation from ab asse dando proposed by Aelius Stilo, though absurd, was accepted by Cic. Rep. ii. 22. 40; Top. 2. 10; Fest. ep. 9 (as an alternative); Isid. Etym. x. 27; Quint. Inst. v. 10. 55. The derivation ab assidendo is nearer the truth; Vaniček, Griech.-lat. Wörterb. 1012; Lange, Röm. Alt. i. 466; Mommsen, Röm. Staatsr. iii. 237 f.; Kubitschek, in Pauly-Wissowa, Real-Encycl. i. 426. See also Varro, De vit. pop. rom. i, in Non. Marc. 67; Gell. xix. 8. 15.
[349] Cic. Rep. ii. 9. 16; 22. 40; P. Nigidius, in Gell. x. 5. 2; Fest. ep. 9, 119; Pliny, N. H. xviii. 3. 11; Quint. v. 10. 55; Ovid, Fast. v. 281; Vaniček, ibid. 506, 1149.
[350] The army in the field must have consisted largely of men in patris aut avi potestate, whose names were reported to the censors, not for taxation but for military service, by those who had authority over them; cf. Livy xxiv. 11. 7; xliii. 14; Dion. Hal. ix. 36. 3; Fest. ep. 66. Scipio’s complaint (Gell. v. 19. 16: “In alia tribu patrem, in alia filium suffragium ferre”) indicates that the sons were regularly enrolled in the tribe of the father. That the list comprised plebeians only (Niebuhr, Röm. Gesch. i. 457 f.) has proved untenable; Mommsen, Röm. Forsch. i. 153 f.
[351] Dion. Hal. iv. 14. 2; Livy i. 43. 14; Varro, L. L. v. 181.
[352] Livy, ibid.; Varro, ibid.; cf. p. 63, n. 4 below.
[353] Dion. Hal. iv. 19. 3; Fest. ep. 9; Ennius, in Gell. xvi. 10. 1; cf. 12 f. Before the introduction of pay for military service in 406 the soldiers bore their own expenses; Livy iv. 59. 11; v. 4. 5; viii. 8. 3; Flor. i. 6. 8; Diod. xiv. 16. 5; Lyd. De mag. i. 45 f.; p. 71 ff. below.
[354] Plutarch, Cam. 2, makes Camillus the author of the tax on orphans for the support of the knights’ horses, thus connecting this measure with the general introduction of pay—a statement of some importance notwithstanding Kubitschek, in Pauly-Wissowa, Real-Encycl. i. 683.
[355] Zon. vii. 20: Οἰκόσιτοι ἐστρατεύοντο.
[356] Cic. Rep. v. 2. 3.
[357] Marquardt, Röm. Staatsv. ii. 150 f., 159 f. with citations.