[978] On the control of the Etruscan assembly by the nobles, see Müller-Deecke, Etrusker, i. 337; Hirt, Indogermanen, i. 55.
[979] Od. ii. 28 ff.
[980] P. 154 f.
[981] Od. ii. 35 ff.; cf. the public complaint made by a Slavic chief of an injury he had received; Kovalevsky, ibid. 121.
[982] Such as the reception of the youth into the warrior class among the Germans; Tac. Germ. 13. 2; for the witnessing assembly at Rome, see p. 155 f.
[983] Schrader, Reallexikon, 659, 662, 688. For the Celts; Caesar, B. G. vi. 13; cf. i. 4 (trial of Orgetorix). For the Germans; Tac. Germ. 12. 1 f. For the Slavs; Kovalevsky, Mod. Cust. and Anc. Laws, 126. The famous trial scene in the Homeric assembly; Il. xviii. 497 ff. For the Macedonians; Curt. vi. 8. 25. It is probably true of Vedic India; Schrader, ibid. 688.
[984] For the Germans; Brunner, Deutsche Rechtsgesch. i. 129. For the Slavs; Kovalevsky, ibid. 128, 130, 141 f. For the Celts; Polyb. iii. 44. 5 f.; Caes. B. G. v. 27, 36; Livy xxi. 20. 3; Tac. Hist. iv. 67. The Helvetian assembly probably decided the question of migration; Caesar, B. G. i. 2. As to the Greeks, Agamemnon proposed to the assembly to quit the war and return home, the people gladly accepted; Il. ii. 86 ff. A proposal of peace came from the Trojans to the Achaean assembly; the people rejected it on the advice of Diomede, and Agamemnon concurred in their opinion; Il. vii. 382 ff.
[985] The German mode of electing a king or war-leader is well known; cf. Brunner, ibid. i. 129. The assembly also elected the chiefs of the pagi (Gaue) and of the villages; Tac. Germ. 12. 3. The Celts who were not ruled by hereditary kings elected their chiefs annually (Caesar, B. G. i. 16) or for a migration; ibid. 3. The Irish kings were generally elected from particular families; Ginnell, Brehon Laws, 66. The Slavs elected their king and other officials; Kovalevsky, ibid. 124 f., 127, 129, 138 f. In Homeric Greece the kingship was generally hereditary, but the people might elect a war-leader to take command by the side of the king; Od. xiv. 237; cf. xiii. 266. There are traces of elective kingship, lasting at least a few generations, in the great majority of early European states; Jenks, History of Politics, 87; cf. 35 f.
[986] Il. i. 22 ff. For the Lacedaemonians, see Thuc. i. 87.
[987] Tac. Germ. 11. 5; Hist. v. 17. Sometimes the Germans mingled clamor with the clash of weapons; Amm. Marc. xvi. 12. 13.