[2324] This idea would explain the fact that the extant fragments of the lex Acilia contain no reference to a Sempronian lex iudiciaria.
[2325] Cic. Verr. i. 17. 51 f.; II. i. 9. 26; Brut. 68. 239; Pseud. Ascon. 149, 165.
[2326] P. 370.
[2327] CIL. i. 198. Reference to the IIIviri of the Sempronian agrarian law (§ 13, 16, 22) proves it to belong to 133-119, while the fact that it does not admit senators among the jurors requires it to follow the judiciary law of C. Gracchus; and more particularly, the implication that at the time of its enactment the lex Rubria (p. 383 below) was in force places it between 123 and 121; Mommsen, in CIL. i. p. 55; Ruggiero, Diz. Ep. i. 41. In general on the law, see Rudorff, Ad legem Aciliam; Zumpt, in Abhdl. d. Akad. zu Berlin, 1845. 1-70, 475-515; Röm. Criminalr. i. 99 ff.; Huschke, in Zeitschr. f. Rechtsgesch. v (1866). 46-84; Hesky, in Wiener Studien, xxv (1903). 272-87; Brassloff, ibid. xxvi. 106-17; Lange, Röm. Alt. ii. 664; iii. 40; Mommsen, Röm. Staatsr. iii. 642; Röm. Strafr. 708 f.; Greenidge, Leg. Proced. 420; Hist. of Rome, i. 214, n. 2; Ruggiero, ibid. 41-4; Klebs, in Pauly-Wissowa, Real-Encycl. i. 256.
[2328] Lex Rep. 2 f.; cf. 8 f.
[2329] Lex Rep. 1.
[2330] Vell. ii. 8. 1; cf. Cic. Verr. iii. 80. 184; Ruggiero, Diz. Ep. i. 42.
[2331] Lex Rep. 8 f.
[2332] The principle was expressed in an article of the lex Memmia de incestu of 111 (Val. Max. iii. 7. 9), and probably in every law for the establishment of a court. It was used throughout the history of the republic; cf. Livy x. 37. 7; 46. 16 (year 293); p. 289 above; Suet. Caes. 23 (59); Dio Cass. xxxix. 7. 3 (57).
In this connection mention may be made of the lex Hostilia, which allowed actions for theft to be brought in behalf of persons absent in the service of the state or in captivity or in wardship; Just. Inst. iv. 10. The date is unknown, though Voigt, Röm. Rechtsgesch. i. 282, n. 14, inclines to assign it to 209 or 207.