The agricultural and forest products of British West Africa

by Gerald C. Dudgeon

	1913	1914	1915	1916
	£	£	£	£
Palm kernels	3,109,818	2,541,150	1,692,712	1,739,706
Palm oil	1,854,384	1,571,691	1,462,162	1,402,799
Cocoa	157,480	171,751	313,946	393,101
Cotton lint	159,223	150,791	56,351	243,949
Mahogany and timber	106,050	86,522	54,559	49,361
Groundnuts	174,716	179,219	72,177	473,653
Hides and skins	197,214	505,785	302,420	538,917
Shea products	74,471	52,843	69,823	32,529
Rubber	—	38,854	38,113	34,192
Benniseed	—	—	5,225	16,523
Continued:		1917	1918	1919
		£	£	£
Palm kernels		2,581,702	3,226,306	4,947,995
Palm oil		1,882,997	2,610,448	4,245,893
Cocoa		499,004	235,870	1,067,675
Cotton lint		234,338	97,399	484,744
Mahogany and timber		21,282	68,480	116,820
Groundnuts		710,308	920,137	698,702
Hides and skins		198,332	293,019	1,262,142
Shea products		40,189	4,884	37,222
Rubber		32,350	19,667	43,903
Benniseed		2,876	696	53,541

---

INDEX

• Abassi, [110]
• Abbradi, [44]
• “Abe bobe,” [71], [100]
• “Abe dam,” [70], [100]
• “Abe Ohene,” [71], [100]
• Abeokuta, [119]
• Abeokuta-Ibadan, [106]
• “Abe pa,” [22], [70], [100], [132]
• Abetifi, [43]
• “Abe tuntum,” [70]
• Abrotoo, [44]
• Abuko, [3], [4]
• Aburi, [47], [49], [57], [63], [65], [66], [79]
• Acacia, [89], [91], [122], [134]
• Acacia albida, [134]
• Acacia arabica, [13], [62], [89], [134], [143]
• Acacia Caffra, [134]
• Acacia mellifera, [134]
• Acacia Senegal, [134]
• Acacia Sieberiana, [89]
• Acacia Verek, [134]
• Accra, [56], [106]
• Accra copal, [82], [106]
• Accras, [44]
• “Acha,” [154]
• Adampes, [44]
• Adda, [90]
• Administration, [121]
• “Affia-ko-jub,” [100]
• African mahogany, [72]
• African mango, [103]
• African rubber, [59]
• Afzelia africana, [72], [119]
• Agbede, [95], [109], [112]
• “Agbesi,” [144]
• Agege, [106], [109], [113]
• Agoonahs, [44]
• Agriculture in Haussaland, [133]
• Ahantas, [44]
• Ahedua, [72]
• Aimensa, [56]
• “Akee apple,” [95]
• Akim, [73]
• Akims, [45]
• “Ak-poro-jub,” [100]
• “Akwabohori,” [72]
• “Alkama,” [156]
• Allium escalonicum, [160]
• Allium cepa, [160]
• Alstonia congoensis, [105]
• Alstonia sp., [62]
• Amedika, [77]
• Amelonado, [46]
• American rice, [157]
• Anaphe infracta, [81], [117], [163]
• Anaphe Moloneyi, [163]
• Anaphe venata, [81], [117]
• Angola, [71]
• Ankobra, [72]
• Annatto, [54]
• Anogeissus leiocarpus, [96]
• Antiaris toxicaria var. africana, [74]
• Anum, [77]
• Aphis sorghi, [12], [153]
• Apis mellifera var. Adansonii, [10], [40], [91]
• Apocynaceæ, [64]
• Appolonias, [44], [74]
• Aquapim, [44]
• Arachis hypogæa, [3], [6], [84], [115], [132], [158]
• “Aribedda,” [128]
• Armatosterna buquetiana, [51]
• Aros, [94]
• Artichokes, [124], [160]
• Ashanti, [43], [44], [91]
• Ashanti-Akim, [47], [51]
• Ashanti kings, [63]
• “Ashanti lump,” [60]
• “Ashmouni,” [110]
• “Asidigero,” [152]
• “Asidonono,” [151]
• Askia, [86]
• “Asoge-e-jub,” [100]
• Aspidiotus destructor, [117]
• Assin, [44]
• “Attifufu,” [128]
• Aubergine, [161]
• “Au-su-ku,” [100]
• Axim, [47], [63], [66], [72], [74], [80]
• Badagri, [96], [117]
• Baga, [24]
• “Baggarua,” [143]
• “Bajra,” [154]
• Bakau, [9], [10]
• “Bako,” [72]
• Baku, [156]
• “Balata,” [127], [128]
• “Balsam of Copaiba,” [90], [147]
• “Bambarra” groundnut, [158]
• Bananas, [39], [95]
• “Baowe,” [17], [18]
• Baphia nitida, [37], [83], [96], [161]
• Barbetu, [86]
• Bark cloth, [74]
• Baro, [121], [130], [137]
• Baro-Kano Railway, [131], [137], [140], [141]
• Baro Prison Farm, [162]
• Basel Mission, [47]
• Bassa, [119], [120], [126], [128], [135], [136], [137], [139], [140], [145], [148], [157]
• “Bassi,” [12]
• Bathurst, [8], [9], [29]
• Batkanu, [28]
• Bauchi, [120], [124], [142], [144], [163]
• Bauhinia reticulata, [62], [160]
• Beans, [13], [88], [95], [157]
• Beer, [85]
• Beeswax, [10], [40], [91], [162]
• Belgian Congo, [25]
• Bendi, [93]
• Bengal rice, [157]
• Benin, [107]
• Benin City, [95]
• Benis, [94], [95]
• Benniseed, [124], [127], [142], [164]
• Benue, [137], [144], [151]
• Betel nut, [73], [116]
• Bida, [132], [137], [159], [160]
• Bissao, [29]
• “Black arm,” [112]
• “Black dye,” [144]
• Black gram, [42]
• Black oil, [98]
• “Black Rattler,” [79], [110]
• “Black smut,” [153]
• “Black Volta,” [43], [90]
• Bleaching gum, [135]
• Blighia sapida, [95]
• Bo, [18], [28], [38]
• “Boganderi,” [151]
• Boia, [24]
• “Bokin doka,” [163]
• “Bokin sosia,” [151]
• Bole, [86], [87]
• Bollworm, [112], [139]
• Borassus flabellifer, [162]
• Bordeaux mixture, [52], [63]
• Borers (copal), [82]
• Borgu, [122]
• Boring beetles, [51], [65]
• Bornu, [120], [124], [134], [139], [152], [156]
• Bread making, [156]
• Bridelia sp., [164]
• British Cotton Cultivation, [12], [78], [110], [136], [140]
• British Cotton Growing Association, [33], [77], [80], [87], [88], [108], [110], [112], [113], [131], [135], [140], [141]
• Brown beans, [157]
• “Brown cluster,” [128]
• “Brown medium,” [128]
• Buettnerieæ, [46]
• Bullelai, [3]
• Bulletin of the Imperial Institute, [8], [9], [11], [14], [23], [28], [39], [40], [59], [63], [66], [67], [69], [70], [71], [72], [73], [78], [80], [82], [90], [95], [102], [103], [105], [106], [113], [114], [115], [116], [117], [118], [125], [131], [133], [134], [135], [141], [143], [147], [152], [153], [155], [156], [157], [158], [161]
• Bullom, [16], [38], [40]
• “Bulrush millet,” [152], [154]
• Bumban, [24]
• Burkea africana, [89]
• “Bush,” [15], [17], [19], [41], [42], [45], [84], [94]
• Butter, [90], [115], [130], [142], [163]
• Butyrospermum Parkii, [90], [115], [128], [130]
• Cajanus indicus, [42], [88], [158]
• “Calabacillo,” [46]
• Calabar, [105]
• Calabash, [91], [144]
• “Cambodia” cotton, [34]
• Camwood, [37], [83], [96], [161]
• Canavalia ensiformis, [42]
• Candles, [70], [98], [103], [115], [130]
• Capnodium sp., [153]
• Capsicum annuum, [29], [141]
• Capsicum frutescens, [29], [141]
• Capsicum sp., [84]
• Capsid, [106]
• Caracas, [46]
• Caracas, [57]
• Carapa procera, [71]
• Caravans, [73], [136], [143]
• Carpodinus, [96]
• Carpodinus hirsutus, [65], [104], [128]
• Casamance River, [2], [6]
• Cassava, [3], [13], [19], [45], [84], [85], [88], [95], [114], [125], [126], [138], [158], [160]
• Castilloa elastica, [10], [65]
• Catch crops, [49]
• Cattle, [2], [3], [56], [73], [91], [118], [124], [151], [152], [153], [162], [163]
• Cattle food, [113], [142], [151], [154]
• Cayor, [6]
• Ceara rubber, [9], [65], [103], [129], [130]
• Central Province, [120], [122]
• Cercospora personata, [38]
• “Chena,” [45]
• Chew sticks, [96]
• Chillies, [141]
• China grass, [33]
• Chloridea obsoleta, [112], [139]
• Chlorita flavescens, [112]
• Chlorophora excelsa, [62], [72], [118]
• Clifford, Sir Hugh, [66]
• Clitandra elastica, [104]
• Clitandra laxiflora, [27]
• Clitandra Manni, [27]
• Cloth, native, [34]
• Cocoa, [38], [45], [46], [92], [94], [95], [106], [164]
• Cocoa-bark bug, [51]
• Cocoa borer, [51]
• Cocoa butter, [46]
• Cocoa, colouring, [54]
• Cocoa, tables of exports of, [59], [107]
• Cocoineæ, [67]
• Coconut, [67], [83], [96], [117]
• Cocoons, [81], [117], [163]
• Cocos, [67]
• Cocos nucifera, [83]
• Coffea Liberica, [39]
• Coffea robusta, [66]
• Coffea stenophylla, [39]
• Coffee, [39], [47], [66]
• Coir, [83]
• Colocasia antiquorum, [84], [115], [159]
• Colocasia yams, [95], [126]
• Colœoptera, [82]
• Colœopterous larvæ, [147]
• Communal rubber plantations, [103]
• Congo, [90]
• Conopharyngia crassa, [62]
• Conopharyngia sp., [105]
• Cooking oils, [88], [90]
• Coops, [91]
• Copaifera Guibourtiana, [37]
• Copal, [37], [81], [89], [92], [96], [106], [147]
• Copal resin, [127]
• Copra, [83], [92], [96]
• Corchorus, [33]
• Corchorus capsularis, [13], [32]
• Cotton, [11], [33], [74], [87], [92], [94], [95], [108], [124], [127], [135], [141], [159], [163], [164]
• Cotton, cultivation of, [111], [140]
• Cotton lint stainer, [112], [139]
• Cotton seed bugs, [110], [139]
• Cotton seed-cake, [113]
• Cotton seeds, [113], [148]
• Cow Fulani, [163]
• Cowpea, [42], [125], [133]
• Crabnut, [71]
• Criollo, [46], [57]
• Cross River, [94], [115], [118]
• Cucurbitaceæ, [84]
• “Culpepper’s Big Boll,” [110]
• Cundeamor, [57]
• Custard apples, [85]
• “Cutlass,” [22], [50], [52]
• “Cutlass bean,” [103]
• Cyanothyrsus oblongus, [84], [96], [106]
• Cyanothyrsus ogea, [106]
• Cyanothyrsus sp., [72], [106]
• Daboya, [87], [90], [91]
• Dagartis, [86]
• Dagomba, [86], [87], [89], [156]
• Dahomey, [29], [101], [120]
• Daka River, [43]
• Dakar, [29]
• Dakman, [156]
• “Dancing” cocoa, [54]
• Daniella thurifera, [89], [128], [147]
• “Dankali.” [160]
• “Danko Gawa,” [129]
• “Danko Kadainya,” [129]
• Date palm, [162]
• Dauro, [154]
• “Dawa,” [151]
• “Dawadawa,” [92]
• Denkera, [44]
• “Derba,” [153]
• “Dhall,” [88], [158]
• “Dhoole,” [34], [109]
• “Dhura,” [151]
• “Difumbe,” [71]
• Digitaria ternata, [154]
• Dioscorea alata, [88]
• Dioscorea colocasifolia, [88]
• Dioscorea sativa, [88], [159]
• Dioscorea sp., [84], [115]
• Diospyros sp., [118]
• Diparopsis castanea, [112]
• “Djenje,” [27]
• Dodowa, [56]
• Dolichos lablab, [42]
• “Domana,” [153]
• Dombeya buettneri, [96]
• Donkeys, [73], [126]
• “Dorowa,” [162]
• “Doya,” [159]
• Dressed skins, [127]
• “Dubini,” [72]
• “Dumjeri,” [121]
• Dunstan, Professor Wyndham, [12], [78], [110], [136], [140], [162]
• Dwarf cattle, [119]
• Dwarf goats, [119]
• Dwarf horses, [119]
• Dysdercus nigrofasciatus, [76]
• Dysdercus superstitiosus, [112], [139]
• Earias biplaga, [139]
• Earias imbricata, [112]
• Earias insulana, [112], [139]
• Earias sp., [139]
• Earthenware, [119]
• “Earth pea.” See Groundnut
• Eastern agriculture, [124]
• Eastern Akim, [47]
• Eastern Sudan, [86]
• “Ebo,” [128]
• Ebony, [117], [118]
• Ebute Metta, [105]
• “Eduege-Eyop,” [100]
• “Efi-ako-Eyop,” [100]
• Egga, [137]
• Egg-plant, [95]
• Egypt, [86], [124]
• Egyptian boll-worm, [112], [139]
• Egyptian cotton, [11], [76], [78], [109], [110], [136], [137]
• Egyptian wheat, [155]
• Eket, [107]
• Elæis guineensis, [11], [19], [67], [70], [132]
• Elæis Thompsonii, [71], [100]
• Elephants, [88]
• Eleusine coracana, [155]
• Embroidery, silk, [163]
• Entandrophragma sp., [118]
• “Eponkon,” [108], [109], [110]
• Euphorbia, [126]
• “Fai” or “Fawe” beans, [40]
• Fallow, [138]
• Famine conditions, [126], [149]
• Fan palm, [7]
• “Fande Wa,” [34]
• Fanti, [25], [44], [74]
• “Farafara,” [151]
• “Farin rama,” [144]
• Farmers’ Association, [30]
• “Fatainya,” [125]
• Fernando Po, [38], [46], [47], [57]
• Fetish nut, [100]
• Fibre preparation, [145]
• Fibres, [13], [17], [31], [80], [89], [96], [116], [127], [144], [146]
• Fibrous plants, [94], [145]
• Fibrous pulp (oil palm), [97]
• Ficus, [59], [65], [128], [163]
• Ficus platyphylla, [128]
• Ficus trachyphylla, [129]
• Ficus Vogelii, [9], [65], [129]
• Fig rubber, [65]
• “Findi,” [12]
• “First Niggers,” [104]
• “Flake rubber,” [65], [128]
• Floods, [12]
• Flour, [153], [154], [156]
• Fogni, [2], [8]
• Fogola, [145]
• “Folio,” [9]
• Food crops, [148]
• “Forastero,” [46]
• “Forastero-Amelonado,” [47], [57]
• Forest produce, [127]
• Forest products, [45], [94]
• Forest reserve, [119], [130]
• Forestry, [42]
• Fork “kodalli hoe,” [17]
• Fossil copal, [82], [106]
• Foulahs, [1], [16]
• Four-eyed palm-nuts, [100]
• Fowls, [91]
• Fra-Fra potato, [89]
• Freetown, [27], [28], [40]
• French Guinea, [28], [120]
• French Sudan, [43], [120]
• Fruit, [39], [95]
• Fuel, [97], [119]
• Fulani, [1], [122], [124]
• Funtumia africana, [26], [60], [62], [105]
• Funtumia elastica, [10], [26], [60], [66], [95], [96], [103], [128], [129], [130]
• Funtumia rubber, [27], [28], [60], [61], [63], [66], [103]
• Furniture making, [118]
• Gallinas, [16], [39]
• Gambaga, [85]
• Gambaga-Kumassi Road, [86]
• Gambia, [38], [88], [91], [99], [100]
• GAMBIA, introductory remarks, geographical position, [1]; area and population, [1]; tribes, [1]; political divisions, [2]; natural conditions, [2]; chief crops, [3]; implements, [3]; ploughing, [3]; land tenure, [3]; labour, [4]; agricultural schools, [4]; chief exports, [5]; Ground Nuts, uses, [5]; classification and description, [6]; Rubber, [8]; Beeswax, [10]; Palm Kernels, [11]; Cotton, [11]; Grain, [12]; Root and other Crops, [13]; Tanning, [13]; Fibres, [13]; Timber, [13]; Trade, [14]
• Gambian groundnut, [132]
• “Gamopale,” [70]
• “Gara,” [39]
• “Garma,” [125]
• “Gawo,” [134]
• Gbemas, [16]
• “Gboi-gboi,” [26]
• “Geda,” [132]
• Geidam, [121]
• Gelechiadæ, [112]
• Gelechia gossypiella, [112]
• “Georgia” cotton, [110], [112]
• German African Colonies, [129], [163]
• German ports, [134]
• German territory, [86], [104]
• “Gero,” [152], [154]
• “Giginia,” [162]
• Gingelly, [142]
• Ginger, [30]
• Ginnery, [33], [77], [108]
• Ginning centres, [137]
• Ginning machines, [77]
• Gins, [76]
• “Gir,” [154]
• “Girigiri,” [158]
• “Giro,” [154]
• Glenea sp., [51]
• Gliadin, [156]
• Glossina morsitans, [91]
• Glossina pallidipes, [91], [119]
• Glossina palpalis, [91], [119]
• Gluten, [156]
• Glycerine, [70]
• Glycine hispida, [158]
• Glycine soja, [42], [158]
• Glyphodes ocellata, [63]
• Goat manure for wheat, [155]
• Goat skins, [13], [116], [142]
• Gober, [123]
• Gola Forest, [26]
• Gold Coast, [1], [10], [22], [27], [29], [36], [99], [116], [132], [145], [148]
• GOLD COAST, Ashanti and Northern Territories, introductory remarks, geographical position, [43]; area and population, [43]; divisions, [43]; Part I. Gold Coast and Ashanti, origin of tribes, [44]; Cocoa, [45]; pruning, [50]; insect pests and vegetable parasites, [50]; harvesting and preparing, [52]; markets, [54]; improvement of quality, [56]; exports, [59]; Rubber, indigenous species, [59]; “Ofruntum” tree, [59]; distribution of Funtumia elastica, [60]; native methods of preparing, [60]; improved methods, [62]; plantations, [63]; insect pest, [63]; fungoid pest, [63]; rubber machinery, [63]; vine rubber, [64]; fig rubber, [65]; introduced species, [65]; Palm Oil and Kernels, [66]; habits of the oil palm, [67]; preparation of palm oil, [68]; kernel oil, [69]; commercial uses, [69]; varieties of oil palms, [70]; Other Oil Seeds, [71]; Timber, mahogany, [72]; other timber trees, [72]; Kola, [73]; Cotton, [74]; American and other exotic cottons, [78]; attempts at hybridisation, [78]; valuation of samples at Imperial Institute, [79]; Fibres, [80]; Silk, [81]; Copal, [81]; Copra, [83]; Dyes and Pigments, [83]; Indigo, [83]; Field Crops, [84]; Part II. Northern Territories, tribes, [85]; Field Crops, [87]; cotton, [87]; other field crops, [88]; fibre, [89]; tobacco, [89]; Gums, [89]; Wood Oil, [89]; Shea Butter, [90]; Rubber, [90]; Dyes, [90]; Beeswax, [91]; Leather, [91]; Cattle and Poultry, [91]; Exports, [92]
• Gongola, [151]
• Gonjas, [85]
• Gossypium arboreum var. sanguineum, [136]
• Gourds, [84]
• Gpakas, [16]
• Grain, [12], [94]
• Grass cloth, [74]
• Grass fires, [90]
• Great or Indian millet, [151]
• “Green seed” cotton, [75], [78]
• Groundnut, [1], [3], [4], [5], [12], [14], [38], [42], [84], [85], [87], [88], [92], [95], [96], [115], [124], [125], [126], [127], [132], [133], [142], [158], [164]
• Groundnut, origin of, [6]
• Grunshis, [86]
• Guarea, [118]
• Guavas, [85], [95]
• “Guinea corn,” [3], [12], [41], [73], [84], [87], [88], [95], [124], [126], [137], [142], [149], [151], [152], [153], [154], [155], [157], [159]
• “Guinea fowls,” [91]
• Gums and resins, [37], [81], [87], [127], [134]
• Gurara, [151]
• “Gutta,” [128]
• Guttapercha, [127], [129]
• “Gutta-shea,” [130], [131]
• Gwari, [123], [124], [126], [154], [155], [158], [163]
• “Gwaza,” [160]
• Hamburg, [134]
• Hand plough, [3]
• “Hard” oil, [97]
• Haussa, [13], [74], [89], [90], [94], [116], [122], [123], [124], [126], [132], [144], [154], [156], [157], [158], [159], [160], [162]
• Haussa Land, [122]
• Head load as trading standard, [54]
• Head loads, [73], [91]
• Hedges, [126]
• Helianthus tuberosus, [160]
• Helopeltis, [52]
• Helopeltis Antonii, [52]
• Henna, [161]
• Hevea brasiliensis, [10], [28], [61], [65], [129], [130]
• Hibiscus, [13], [89], [116], [140], [144], [146]
• Hibiscus esculentus, [13], [32], [84], [161]
• Hibiscus guineensis, [96], [145]
• Hibiscus lunariifolius, [144], [145]
• Hibiscus quinquelobus, [32]
• Hibiscus sabdariffa, [89], [145], [161]
• Hides, [127], [164]
• Hippopotami, [88]
• Hoe, [3], [17], [87], [125]
• Holarrhena Wulfsburgii, [105]
• Honckya ficifolia, [31]
• Honey, [40], [91], [162]
• Horse beans, [42]
• Horse food, [152]
• Horses, [2], [91]
• Husking rice, [156]
• Hybridisation, cotton, [78], [109], [111]
• Ibadan, [97], [110], [112], [113], [115], [117], [139]
• “Iboru,” [155]
• Ibos, [94]
• Ida, [105]
• “Ifa,” [100]
• Ifon, [95], [119]
• Ijoas, [94]
• Ilaro, [116]
• Ilesha, [119]
• Illara, [119]
• Illushi, [109], [113]
• Ilorin, [110], [115], [120], [121], [123], [129], [130], [131], [135], [137], [139], [140], [141], [144], [145], [146], [148], [157], [159], [161], [162]
• Immunity from fly disease, [119]
• Imperial Institute, [12], [34], [57], [62], [70], [71], [79], [82], [89], [90], [91], [99], [102], [109], [131], [135], [136], [145], [153], [154], [155], [157], [160], [162]
• Implements, agricultural, [18], [125]
• Incense, [147], [148]
• Indigenous cotton, [109]
• Indigo, [13], [34], [39], [83], [90], [95], [119], [144], [161]
• Indigofera sp., [13], [39], [83], [88], [95], [161]
• Ink, [13]
• Insect pests, [50], [87], [110], [112], [117], [139]
• Ipomœa Batatas, [84]
• “Ire,” [128]
• “Irök-eyop,” [100]
• “Iroko,” [118]
• Irrigated crops, [126], [151], [155], [156], [159], [161]
• Irrigation, [94], [137], [142], [145], [155], [157]
• Irvingia Barteri, [103]
• Ishan, [112], [119]
• Ishans, [95]
• Itu, [107]
• “Ivioronmila,” [100]
• Ivory Coast, [62]
• Iwo, [113]
• “Janari,” [151]
• “Jannovitch,” [110]
• Jars, [119]
• Java beans, [42]
• “Jawe,” [27]
• Jebba, [137], [141]
• Jebu, [98]
• Jolahs, [1], [2], [7], [8], [11]
• Joloffs, [1], [2], [3], [4]
• Juar, [151]
• Jute, [13], [31], [80], [81], [89], [145], [146], [147]
• Jute substitute, [116], [146]
• Kabba, [120], [128], [135], [142], [145], [148], [161]
• “Kabe-kalako,” [100]
• “Kadainya,” [130]
• Kaduna River, [148], [151], [156]
• Kainabai, [24]
• “Kalal,” [17], [18]
• Kamabai, [24]
• Kamerun, [23], [25], [70], [71], [101], [120]
• “Kamu,” [159]
• Kangahun, [32]
• Kano, [120], [121], [122], [123], [124], [125], [128], [132], [133], [134], [135], [137], [138], [141], [142], [143], [144], [148], [149], [150], [153], [155], [156], [157], [159], [160], [161], [162]
• Kano leather, [91], [142]
• Karaga, [86]
• “Karandeffi,” [144], [152]
• “Karantalaka,” [152]
• “Karantudi,” [144]
• Karene, [38]
• “Kari,” [17], [18]
• “Karu,” [134]
• “Karu wai,” [17], [18]
• Kataguni, [121]
• “Katala,” [17], [18]
• “Katala kabana,” [17], [18]
• Katsena, [124]
• “Kaura-ferin-sosia,” [151]
• “Kawa,” [89]
• Kernel, palm, [11], [19], [23], [24], [26], [45], [69], [92], [127], [132], [164]
• Kernel, palm, Special Committee, [69]
• Kernel, shea, [130]
• Kernels, exports, [102], [127]
• Kernels, palm, export tax, [101]
• Khaki cotton, [34]
• “Kharif,” [142]
• Khaya, [118]
• Khaya senegalensis, [14], [72]
• Kicksia africana, [60]
• “Kidney” cotton, [75], [109], [110]
• “King palm” nut, [100]
• King’s market, Ibadan, [117]
• “Kinto,” [12]
• Knepp, [121]
• Kobbo, [9]
• “Kodalli” fork-hoe, [17]
• Kogin-Serikin-Pawa River, [131]
• Koinadugu, [15], [24]
• “Koko” yams, [84], [115], [159]
• Kola acuminata, [29], [73], [116]
• Kolas, [4], [17], [19], [29], [47], [73], [92], [94], [95], [116], [148]
• Kola vera, [29], [116]
• Kombe, [85]
• Kommbo, [2], [11]
• Konnohs, [16]
• Kontagora, [120], [121], [122], [134], [135], [144], [161]
• Korankos, [13], [16]
• “Korwey,” [32]
• Kotoo, [9], [10], [13]
• Krachi, [87]
• Krepes, [45], [75]
• “Krepi ball,” [62], [64], [65]
• Krepi country, [76], [85]
• Krims, [16]
• “Krobo,” [82], [83]
• Krobo Hills, [67]
• Krobo plantations, [69]
• Krobos, [45], [69]
• “Kubiewa,” [161]
• “Kubiwa,” [161]
• Kumassi, [43], [47], [55], [63], [64], [79]
• Kumassi Agricultural Exhibition, [64]
• Kussassis, [86]
• Kwahu, [47], [66], [73]
• Kwahus, [45]
• “Kwakwa,” [100], [132]
• Kwalu, [37]
• “Kwonde,” [34]
• “Laboji,” [148]
• Labolabo, [77], [78], [79], [87]
• “Ladybird” beetles, [117]
• Lafenwa, [113]
• Lagos, [12], [19], [74], [93], [97], [98], [101], [102], [106], [107], [115], [116], [148], [161]
• “Lagos fine grade” oil, [97]
• Lagos Government Railway, [135]
• “Lagos silk rubber,” [10], [96]
• Lammin, [4]
• Landolphia, [90], [96], [128]
• Landolphia florida, [104], [128], [148]
• Landolphia Heudelottii, [8], [28]
• Landolphia owariensis, [27], [28], [62], [64], [65], [90], [104], [128]
• Landolphia senegalensis, [104]
• Landolphia Thollonii, [90]
• Landolphia Thompsoni, [104], [128], [148]
• Lapita, [115]
• Latex, [8], [9], [10], [26], [28], [60], [61], [64], [104], [129], [148]
• Latex-yielding plants, [104]
• Lawsonia inermis, [161]
• “Leaf-blistering blight,” [112]
• Leather, [13], [91], [96], [116], [142], [152]
• Leguminosæ, [6], [82], [83], [147]
• Leguminous crops, [115], [151], [157]
• Lemu, [160]
• Lever Bros., [24], [25]
• Liberia, [15], [28], [80]
• Licences to collect wild rubber, [103], [105]
• Limbas, [16]
• Lime juice, [144]
• Limes, [85]
• “Lisombe,” [23], [70], [71], [101]
• Livestock, [127]
• Lobis, [86]
• Locust beans, [162]
• Lokoja, [121], [128], [130], [135], [139], [140]
• Lokoja Ginnery, [140], [141], [148]
• Lonchocarpus cyanescens, [39], [90], [95], [144], [161]
• Longicorn beetles, [51]
• Looms, [11], [34]
• Lophira alata, [40], [103]
• Lophira procera, [40]
• Lugard, Sir Frederick, [121], [122]
• Lumber, [92]
• Mabang, [18]
• M’Carthy Island, [2]
• “Machete,” [22], [50]
• Machinery, rubber, [64]
• Machines for nut cracking, [69], [98]
• Macrolobium sp., [163]
• Madam Yoko, [28]
• Mafokoyia, [21], [24]
• Mahogany, [14], [72], [117], [119], [164]
• Maifoni, [121]
• “Maiwa,” [154]
• Maize, [3], [12], [19], [42], [45], [75], [84], [85], [95], [96], [114], [115], [124], [126], [140], [151], [155]
• “Makafo dewayo,” [151]
• Makump, [24]
• Mallams, [4]
• Malted grain, [154]
• Mampong, [47]
• Mamprussi, [85]
• Mamu, [103]
• “Mandingo butter,” [40]
• Mandingoes, [1], [3], [7], [9], [10], [11], [12], [16]
• Mango, African, [103]
• Mangroves, [1]
• Manihot Glaziovii, [9], [65], [129]
• Manihot palmata, [13]
• Manihot utilissima, [84], [158]
• Manjagos, [9]
• Mano, [28]
• “Manoh twist,” [27]
• Manure, [49], [94], [126], [138], [142], [147], [153], [158], [159], [160], [161]
• Manuring, [125]
• Marseilles, [8], [14], [134]
• “Mazgua,” [152]
• Meko, [109], [111]
• Meliaceæ, [72], [118]
• Meliola, [63]
• “Memeluku,” [65]
• Mendi, [16], [22], [25], [26], [27], [32], [34], [35], [37], [39], [40]
• Meteorological reports, [38], [150]
• Milk, [151], [163]
• Millet, [3], [12], [42], [87], [88], [124], [126], [137], [142], [149], [154], [157]
• Milling trials, [156]
• Mimosa group, [122]
• Mimusops sp., [72]
• Minna, [155]
• Monkey nut. See Groundnut
• Monodora myristica, [89]
• Mordant, [96]
• Morocco leather, [143]
• Moshis, [86]
• Mossi, [86]
• Moyamba, [28], [33], [37]
• Munchi, [137]
• Muri, [120], [144], [146]
• Musa sapientum, [84]
• “Mussara,” [155]
• Muzzling cattle, [153]
• “Napunti,” [31]
• Naraguta, [121]
• Nassarawa, [120], [135], [139]
• Native beer, [119]
• Native cloths, [87]
• Native cotton, [90]
• Native leather, [111]
• Native levies, [86]
• Navigation of Volta River, [87]
• “Neou,” [89]
• “Neul,” [100]
• “Niama,” [62]
• Nicotiana tabacum, [13], [161]
• Niger, [94], [104], [105], [111], [113], [120], [122], [134], [135], [136], [137], [139], [144], [145], [146], [147], [151], [153], [155], [156], [159]
• Nigeria, [22], [25], [27], [81], [105]
• NIGERIA—NORTHERN PROVINCES, introductory remarks, [120]; administration and political divisions, [121]; natural divisions, [122]; implements, [125]; Rubber, [127]; sources, [128]; plantations, [129]; Shea Nuts, [130]; Palm Oil and Kernels, [132]; Groundnuts, [132]; Gums, [134]; Cotton, [135]; Exotic cottons, [136]; valuation of cottons, [136]; improvement of plant, [138]; Capsicums, [141]; Benniseed, [142]; Kano Leather, [142]; Fibres, [144]; Wood Oil, [147]; Kola, [148]; Cottonseed, [148]; Food Crops, [148]; Guinea Corn, [151]; Bulrush Millet, [154]; Maize, [155]; Wheat, [155]; Rice, [156]; Sugar Cane, [157]; Leguminous Plants, [157]; Soya Beans, [158]; Cassava, [158]; Yams, [159]; Sweet Potatoes, [159]; artichokes and small root crops, [160]; onions, [160]; minor crops, [161]; Other Field Crops, dye plants, [161]; Tobacco, [161]; Miscellaneous: beeswax, [162]; locust bean, [162]; date palms, [162]; Cattle, [162]; Silk, [163]
• NIGERIA—SOUTHERN PROVINCES, introductory remarks, administrative divisions, [93]; geographical position, [93]; area and population, [93]; natural divisions, [93]; inhabitants, [94]; cultivation, [94]; principal crops, [95]; Oil Palm, [96]; other oil seeds, [102]; Rubber, [103]; export, [105]; Copal, [106]; Cocoa, [106]; Cotton, [103]; Maize, [114]; Cassava, [114]; Yams, [115]; Groundnuts, [115]; Shea Nuts, [115]; Kola, [116]; Fibre, [116]; Leather, [116]; Tobacco, [117]; Silk, [117]; Coconuts, [117]; Mahogany and Ebony, [117]; Cattle, [118]; Pottery, [119]; Forest Reserves, [119]
• “Niggers,” [60]
• Nimrod, [123]
• Njala, [41], [42]
• North Bornu, [121]
• Northern Nigeria, [1], [13], [65], [82], [90], [91], [99], [100], [105], [110], [116]
• Northern Sherbro, [39]
• Northern Territories (Gold Coast), [85]
• Nupe, [120], [122], [131], [132], [135], [139], [141], [144], [146], [148], [155], [156], [159], [160], [161]
• Nupes, [94], [123], [126], [128], [133], [140], [158]
• Nut-cracking machinery, [69], [98]
• Nuts, [98], [99]
• “Oapottoa,” [129]
• “Obi abatta,” [116]
• “Obi gbanja,” [116]
• Obuassi, [79]
• “Odum,” [62], [72]
• Odumase, [46]
• Odumassi, [67]
• Œcophylla sp., [51]
• Ofin River, [43], [66]
• “Ofo,” [62]
• “Ofruntum,” [59]
• “Ogbagba,” [128]
• “Ogea gum,” [96], [106]
• “Ogea” resin, [82]
• “Ogedudin,” [100]
• “Ogudu” cotton, [110]
• Ogudu Ginnery, [135], [139], [140]
• Oil, [90], [99]
• Oil, crab-nut, [71]
• Oil, edible, [102]
• Oil, groundnut, [5], [85], [133], [142]
• Oil, kernel, [69]
• Oil mill, [113]
• Oil, olive, [5], [134], [142]
• Oil, palm, [11], [19], [22], [24], [26], [45], [66], [68], [80], [85], [92], [94], [96], [119], [132], [140], [143], [164]
• Oil, palm exports, [102]
• Oil seeds, [40], [102]
• Oil, sesamum, [142]
• Oil, soya bean, [158]
• “Ojuku,” [100]
• “Okporukpu,” [100]
• “Okra,” [13], [32], [84], [89], [95], [161]
• “Okre,” [62]
• “Okumankra,” [72]
• Old Calabar, [105], [107]
• Oleo margarine, [6]
• Oleo resinous exudation, [147]
• Olokemeji, [93], [110], [116]
• Ondo, [119]
• Onions, [126], [159], [160]
• Onitsha, [97], [119]
• “Opapeh,” [72]
• “Ope arunfo,” [100]
• “Ope Ifa,” [71], [100]
• “Ope pankora,” [100]
• “Ope yope,” [100]
• Opobo, [93], [102]
• Oranges, [39], [85], [95]
• Oryza sativa, [12], [88]
• “Osese,” [62]
• Oshogbo, [97], [98]
• Ostrich feathers, [127]
• “Otakataka,” [62]
• Ouassoulou, [86]
• Owo, [119]
• “Owya,” [125]
• Oxycarenus, [139]
• Oxycarenus Dudgeoni, [76], [112]
• Oxycarenus gossipinus, [76], [112]
• Oxycarenus hyalinipennis, [76], [112]
• Oyo, [113], [115]
• Paddy, [156]
• Paganism, [86]
• Pagans, [94], [124], [155], [159]
• “Pagns,” [11]
• Palmæ, [67], [80]
• Palm fruit pulp, [85]
• Palm wine, [11], [67], [85]
• Pamphlets in Twi, [58]
• Panguma, [26]
• Paper manufacture, [146]
• Papilionaceæ, [6]
• “Para” rubber, [10], [28], [47], [50], [61], [63], [65], [66], [103], [105], [129]
• Parkia filicoidea, [92], [162]
• “Paruru,” [158]
• “Paste” rubber, [9], [104], [128], [148]
• Pawpaws, [85], [95]
• Pendembu, [34]
• Pennisetum typhoideum, [12], [150], [152], [154]
• Pentaclethra macrophylla, [40], [103]
• Pentadesma butyracea, [40]
• Pentagona, [57]
• Pepper, [29], [84], [95], [126], [141]
• Petroleum, [140]
• Petroleum-soap emulsion, [51]
• Phaseolus lunatus, [42]
• Phaseolus mungo, [42]
• Phœnix dactylifera, [162]
• Piassava, [13], [33], [80], [116]
• “Pidgin English,” [16]
• Pigeon peas, [42], [88], [158]
• Pigments, [83]
• Pillows, [143]
• Pineapples, [39], [85], [95]
• Plaits (tobacco), [161]
• Plantains, [84], [85]
• Plantations (rubber), [129]
• Plectranthus sp., [89], [160]
• Ploughs, [3], [17], [124], [138], [150], [153]
• Poisonous guinea corn, [153]
• Polishing cocoa, [54]
• Porridge, [12], [153], [155]
• Port Lokko, [35], [40]
• Port Lokkos, [16]
• Portuguese Guinea, [6], [9]
• Potato, [160]
• Pottery, [119]
• Poultry, [91]
• Pra River, [43], [72]
• Pruning cocoa, [50]
• Pseudocedrela, [118]
• Pseudocedrela Kotschyi, [72], [89]
• Pterocarpus erinaceus, [14], [161]
• Pterocarpus sp., [96], [161]
• Pterocarpus tinctorius, [96]
• Pumpkins, [95], [161]
• Pyralidæ, [63]
• “Quaqua.” See “Kwakwa”
• Rabba, [137]
• “Rabi,” [142]
• Railways, [115], [121], [150]
• Rainfall, [2], [39], [48], [93], [120], [126], [141], [149], [150], [154], [155]
• “Rama” fibre, [126], [144], [145], [147]
• “Ramie” fibre, [33]
• “Ramo” fibre, [144], [145]
• Rano, [123]
• Raphia vinifera, [13], [33], [80], [116]
• Raw cotton, [12], [88]
• Red dye, [144], [152], [161]
• Red earth, use of, [54]
• “Red Kano” rubber, [128]
• “Red nigger rubber,” [27], [128]
• Red onions, [160]
• Red rice, [88]
• Red wood, [118]
• “Reke,” [157]
• Renovation of rubber forest, [63]
• Resin, [81], [89], [147]
• Retting fibre, [81], [146]
• “Rhizome rubber,” [90], [104]
• Rice, [3], [12], [19], [35], [42], [88], [95], [124], [125], [126], [151], [156], [157]
• “Richmond” cotton, [79], [110]
• Ridge cultivation, [125]
• “Rizga,” [160]
• Rogo, [126]
• “Rogo,” [159]
• “Root rubber,” [27], [65], [90], [104], [128]
• Roots, [94]
• Ropes, [13], [96], [144], [145], [161]
• Rosewood, [14]
• Rotation of crops, [3], [13], [41], [75], [133], [159]
• Rubber, [17], [45], [47], [59], [80], [90], [92], [94], [95], [96], [103], [127], [140], [148], [164]
• Rubber Commission, [63]
• Rubber export, [66], [92], [105], [127]
• Rubber, vine, [8], [27], [64], [103], [128]
• Rufisque, [6]
• Run palm, [162]
• Saccharum officinale, [157]
• Saddlery, [143]
• Sahara, [143]
• Sahlbergella singularis, [51]
• Sahlbergella theobroma, [51]
• Salaga, [88], [91]
• Saloum, [6]
• Salt, [88]
• Samodu Almami, [86]
• Samory, [86]
• “Sangumi,” [125]
• “Sankonuabe,” [51]
• “Sannio,” [12]
• San Thomé, [38], [46], [57]
• “Sanyan,” [81], [117]
• Sapari Hills, [86]
• Sapele, [105]
• Savelugu, [86]
• “Scale insect,” [117]
• “Scrap rubber,” [8], [64], [65], [104], [128], [129]
• “Sea Island” cotton, [34], [76], [78], [110]
• Seasons, [149]
• “Seed bugs,” [76]
• Seed cake, [113], [142]
• Seed cotton, [87], [135], [138]
• Seedless palm fruit, [71]
• Seed selection, [138]
• Segbwema, [28]
• Sekondi, [47], [55], [63], [66], [72], [80]
• Senegal, [2], [6], [8], [122], [133], [134]
• Serabu, [28]
• Sesamum indicum, [142]
• Shade crop, [159]
• “Shaduf,” [124], [126], [155], [161]
• Shallot, [160]
• Shari, [137], [140]
• “Shea butter,” [73], [88], [90], [115], [127], [130], [143]
• Shea-butter tree, [128]
• “Shea gutta,” [129]
• Shea nut, [102], [115], [130]
• Shea-nut products, [127], [164]
• Sheep skins, [116], [142]
• Sherbro Island, [15], [16], [22]
• Sherbros, [16]
• “Shinkafa,” [156]
• Sierra Leone, [12], [70], [74], [80], [88], [91], [96], [99], [100], [109], [157]
• SIERRA LEONE, introductory remarks, geographical position, [15]; area and population, [15]; administrative divisions, [15]; natural features, [15]; natives, [16]; land tenure, [16]; labour, [17]; cultivation, [17]; agricultural schools, [18]; principal crops, [19]; forest products, [19]; Oil Palm, localities and the influence of position, [19]; small export of oil compared to kernels, [23]; proposal to introduce new varieties, [23]; improvements in local manufacture, [24]; export figures, [26]; Rubber, native method of preparation, [26]; vine rubber, [27]; quality of indigenous rubbers and the export, [27]; plantations, [28]; Kola Nuts, [29]; Red Pepper, [29]; Ginger, [30]; export trade, [31]; Fibres, jute class, [31]; Ramie, [33]; Piassava, [33]; Cotton, [33]; indigenous varieties, [34]; native weaving, [34]; exotic cottons, [34]; Rice, [35]; exports, [36]; Camwood, [37]; Copal, [37]; Groundnuts, [38]; Cocoa, [38]; importance of correct climatic conditions, [38]; Coffee, [39]; Indigo, [39]; Fruit, [39]; Beeswax, [40]; Oilseeds, [40]; progress in agriculture, [41]; forestry, [42]
• Silk, [81], [117], [163]
• Silk cotton tree, [51]
• “Silk rubber.” See Lagos silk rubber
• Silkworms, wild, [117]
• Silver, [55]
• “Sindru,” [62]
• Skins, [73], [127], [143], [144], [164]
• Skin staining, [96], [161]
• Small-bolled cotton, [136]
• Smut-blights, [153]
• Smut fungus, [12]
• Snuff, [13], [89], [161]
• Soap, [40], [70], [71], [98], [103], [115]
• Soap emulsion, [51]
• Sokoto, [120], [121], [135], [152], [156]
• Solanum melongena, [161]
• Solanum sp., [161]
• Songhay, [86], [123], [124]
• Sonni Ali, [86]
• Sonninkis, [1]
• Sorghum guineensis var. robustum, [88], [144]
• Sorghum saccharum, [152]
• Sorghum sp., [144]
• Sorghum vulgare, [12], [84], [151]
• Sorrel hibiscus, [89], [161]
• Southern Nigeria, [10], [23], [39], [71], [101], [120], [123], [127], [132], [135], [140], [157]
• Soya beans, [42], [158]
• Spices, [95]
• Spinning, [145]
• Squatter’s licence, [16]
• “Stainers,” cotton, [76], [112]
• Staining leather, [88]
• Steirostoma depressa, [51]
• Steirostoma histrionica, [51]
• Sterculia barteri, [96]
• Sterculiaceæ, [45], [73]
• Stilbum nanum, [52]
• Strunk, Dr., [23]
• Sudan, [73], [74], [134]
• Sudan boll-worm, [139]
• Sudan gum, [89]
• Sugar cane, [95], [125], [126], [157]
• Sumatra, [102]
• Susus, [16]
• Sun-cured tobacco, [117]
• Swamp crops, [126], [156]
• Sweet potatoes, [19], [84], [95], [126], [159]
• Sword beans, [42]
• Sword scabbards, [143]
• “Tabel-tiloli,” [100]
• “Takanda,” [152]
• “Talh,” [89]
• Tamale, [88], [91]
• Tamarind, [163]
• Tanned skins, [142]
• Tannin-yielding plants, [62]
• Tapioca, [115]
• Tapping implements, [61]
• Tapping rubber, [66]
• “Targets,” [161]
• Tarkwa, [63], [66]
• Tchad Lake, [124]
• Terminalia superba, [118]
• Temperature, [2], [121]
• “Tengo,” [100]
• “Tete Quasshi,” [47]
• Theobroma cacao, [46]
• Thomas Agricultural College, [18]
• “Thread blight,” [52]
• Threshing wheat, [156]
• “Til,” [142]
• Tiliaceæ, [80]
• Tillage, hand, [124]
• Timani, [16], [22], [25], [31], [35]
• Timber, [45], [72], [90], [118], [164]
• Tinainahun, [28]
• “Tio jarankoro,” [7]
• Tobacco, [13], [95], [117], [126], [161]
• Togoland, [10], [43], [66], [77]
• Tolyposporium sp., [153]
• Tomato, [161]
• “Tomba,” [155]
• Torches, [82], [148]
• Training yams, [159]
• Transplanting onions, [160]
• Transport, [99], [133], [143], [150]
• Transport (cocoa), [56]
• Transport (cotton), [80], [87], [138]
• Traps, [139]
• Trinidad, [45], [48], [51]
• Triplochiton johnsoni, [119]
• Triticum compositum, [155]
• Triumfetta cordifolia, [80]
• Triumfetta semitriloba, [80]
• “Tsamia,” [163]
• “Tsamian bauri,” [163]
• “Tsamian doka,” [163]
• “Tsamian fakali,” [163]
• “Tsamian tsamia,” [163]
• “Tsetse” fly, [2], [56], [91], [118], [122], [162]
• Tufel, [44]
• “Tug bore,” [100]
• “Tumuku,” [89], [160]
• Turmeric, [144]
• Twi language, [58]
• “Udin,” [100]
• Ugboha, [112]
• “Upland cotton,” [111], [136], [138]
• Ustilago sp., [12]
• Ustilago Reiliana, [153]
• Uwet, [116]
• Varnish, [31], [82]
• Vegetable butter, [115], [130]
• Vegetable fat, [90], [131]
• “Vegetable whalebone,” [80]
• Veis, [16]
• Vigna catjang, [42], [133]
• Voandzeia subterranea, [158]
• Volta, [43], [55], [74], [79], [80], [82]
• “Volta” cotton, [75], [78]
• Volta River district, [47], [54]
• Wa, [85], [86], [90]
• Walas, [85]
• “Wanki,” [157], [158]
• Waterloo, [28]
• Water yam, [88]
• Wax, [91], [162]
• Weaving, [34], [74]
• Weevilly maize, [114]
• Wells, [151], [155]
• Western Sudan, [123]
• West Indies, [16], [46], [49], [50], [51], [53], [54], [115]
• Wet season, [126], [149]
• Wet zone, [93], [94]
• Whalebone, [33], [80]
• Wheat, [124], [126], [155]
• White ball, [64], [65]
• “White Egyptian onion,” [160]
• White fungus, [7]
• White haricot, [157]
• White maize, [114]
• White rice, [157]
• Wild cotton, [75]
• Wild kola, [73]
• Wild sesamum, [142]
• Wine, [80]
• Wine palm, [33]
• Winged yam, [88]
• Wire-haired sheep, [91]
• Wood ashes, [89], [96]
• “Wood oil,” [89], [128], [147]
• Wood oil, mode of collection of, [147]
• “Wound-response,” [61]
• Wounds, pruning, [50]
• “Yakwa,” [161]
• “Yalo,” [161]
• Yalunkas, [16]
• Yams, [19], [42], [45], [75], [84], [85], [87], [88], [95], [96], [115], [126], [159]
• Yarn, [117], [163]
• Yauris, [123]
• Yeji, [88], [90]
• Yellow dye, [144]
• Yellow maize, [155]
• Yendi, [86]
• “Yi-ku-niche,” [100], [132]
• Yola, [120], [121], [137]
• Yonnibannah, [24]
• Yoruba, [25], [94], [108], [111], [114], [116], [123], [126], [133], [140], [141], [144], [145], [155], [158], [159]
• Zanfara, [124]
• Zaria, [120], [121], [122], [123], [124], [125], [131], [133], [135], [137], [140], [141], [142], [144], [148], [149], [150], [153], [154], [155], [156], [158], [159], [160], [162]
• Zaria Ginnery, [140]
• Zea mays, [84], [155]
• Zebu, [119], [163]
• Zingiber officinale, [30]
• Zungeru, [121], [130], [132], [137]

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Printed by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury, England.

FOOTNOTES:

[1]Hinchley Hart, in Cacao, 1892, pp. 48-52, discusses the three varieties mentioned here, and shows that intermediate forms exist which connect all three. The Forastero class includes all the cocoas which have thick skins and large pods with rather flat beans.

[2]S. singularis, a nearly allied insect, is common in certain localities and does similar damage.

[3]Cf. Bull. Ent. Res., vol. i. (1911), p. 83; Bull. Imp. Inst., vol. viii. (1910), p. 150; vol. xiv. (1916), p. 174; vol. xviii. (1920), p. 319.