Fig. 59.—Celt, showing half-elliptical section.

J. Flat on one side, convex on the other, giving a semi-elliptical section; sides nearly parallel; top flat or rounded. These were evidently intended for scrapers; none are at all chipped or battered from use, and with very few exceptions the whole surface is highly polished. The flint and jasper specimens, which have been first chipped into shape, have the facets and edge as smooth as though finished on an emery wheel. Similar forms, except with flat instead of convex upper surfaces, are known to have been used as adzes, but these have no marks of such use. The length ranges from 2 to 8 inches, but most are small. The type is shown in [figure 59], of brown flint, from a grave in Alexander county, Illinois.

District.ABCDEFGH
Eastern Tennessee411
Central Arkansas1
Northeastern Arkansas41
Southeastern Arkansas1
Southwestern Illinois1
Butler county, Ohio1
Northeastern Kentucky2
Tuscaloosa district, Alabama1
Northwestern North Carolina121
KEY:
A = Graphite.
B = Argillite.
C = Porphyry.
D = Compt. quartzite.
E = Yellow jasper.
F = Gray jasper.
G = Novaculite.
H = Sienite.

K. Similar to last, except that the sides come to a point at the top; length, 3½ to 9 inches. Very few of either pattern are above 5 inches long, the larger ones being mostly of flint ([figure 60], of sienite, from Warren county, Ohio).

District.ABCDEF
Northeastern Arkansas2
Western Tennessee1
Eastern Tennessee125
Kanawha valley, West Virginia1
Southwestern Illinois21
Warren county, Ohio2
KEY:
A = Yellow jasper.
B = Sienite.
C = Diorite.
D = Gray jasper.
E = Argillite.
F = Compt. quartzite.

L. Sides concave, top narrow. Nearly every specimen has the upper portion pecked rough; one from Bradley county, Tennessee, and another from Mississippi county, Arkansas, are entirely polished. The latter has the scraper-form edge to be described later and is of exceptionally large size; it measures 5½ inches, being the only one exceeding 5 inches in length.

M. Top flat, round, or pointed; the blade usually begins a little below the middle, and is perfectly smooth in every case; in some the blade is not over an inch in length, probably reduced by continual sharpening. They may have been scrapers, though they do not have that form; if used as weapons they were probably set into the end of a piece of antler, which, in turn, was set in a club. The type is shown in [figure 61], of argillite, from Monroe county, Tennessee.

District.ABCDE
Eastern Tennessee712
Kanawha valley, West Virginia11
Northeastern Arkansas11
Southeastern Arkansas1
Southwestern Illinois12
KEY:
A = Argillite.
B = Sienite.
C = Granite.
D = Quartzite.
E = Hornblende.