[4] Ed. Reinaud, p. 267. He wrote in A.D. 1321.

[5] Anabasis, Bk. I. ch. iv, 10.

[6] Zur antiken Topographie der Palmyrene, p. 31.

[7] Mr. Hogarth also noticed that Bâb is marked out of its true place: Annual of the British School at Athens, XIV. p. 185.

[8] Plutarch: In Crass.

[9] Sachau saw it: Reise in Syrien und Mesopotamien, p. 148.

[10] Ed. de Goeje, p. 162. He wrote in A.D. 864.

[11] Manbij is the name used in literary Arabic, but it is noticeable that in the colloquial the word approaches more nearly to the earliest form, being pronounced Bumbuj.

[12] Eskî Serûj according to Chapot: La frontière de l’Euphrate, p. 306.

[13] Geography, Bk. XVI. ch. i. 27.