Palace and Mosque at Ukhaidir: A Study in Early Mohammadan Architecture

by Gertrude Lowthian Bell

SUBJECT INDEX

[A], [B], [C], [D], [E], [F], [G], [H], [I], [K], [L], [M], [N], [O], [P], [R], [S], [T], [U], [V], [W], [Z]

A
abacus, [12], [29];
boss on, [135].
acanthus, [141], n. [3].
acroterion, [129].
aedicula, [127], [129], [139].
aisle of mosque, [151], [152], [153], [154], [157], [158], [159].
aiwân, see lîwân.
Alexandrian influence, [126], [127], [136].
ancient road, Kûfah-Shethâthâ, [2], [43].
antechamber, see ṭarmah.
apadana, [63].
arcade, [16], [17], [19], [23], [28], [30], [32], [35], [49], [50], [71], [125], [153], [154], [155], [156], [159];
blind, [5], [6], [24], [25], [30], [32], [34].
arch, breaking into vault, [10], [20], [34];
construction, [6], [12], [15], [18], [24], [26], [29], [39], [42], [113], [166];
decoration, [122];
horse-shoed, [8], [24], [165], [166];
ogee, [40];
oversailing, [9], [15], [16], [26], [27], [33], [79], [115];
ovoid, [6], [26], [28], [32], [33], [34], [114];
pointed, [5], [6], [9], [16], [29], [32], [34], [112], [114], [118], [165];
relieving, [112], [113], [115], [118];
round, [30], [39], [41], [43], [76], [112], [113], [115], [118], [165];
segmental, [13];
set back from jambs, [14], [16], [20], [25], [26], [28], [33], [76], [79], [118], [166];
stilted, [8], [29], [114], [118];
transition from round or ovoid to pointed, [114], [165];
transverse, [8], [9], [17], [18], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [33], [36], [37], [51], [53], [72], [73], [83], [96], [97], [112], [115], [140].
architrave, [123], [131], [135], [136];
broken, [125], [128].
archivolt, [128], [129], [131], [133], [135].
armamentarium, [102], [103].
Assyro-Babylonian influence, [142], [164].
asymmetry, [51], [52], [79], [81], [93], [94];
in façade, [130], [131], [132].
âteshgâh, [91], [92].
attic, [127], [128], [129], [130].
B
bâdiyah, [55], [112], [119].
bait, [82], [83], [84], [86], [87], [88], [89], [104], [105], [106], [112], [113], [114], [116], [117], [118], [120].
balcony, [19], [23], [25], [133].
barracks, in Roman camp, [100], [102], [105].
base, absence of, [27], [42], [134];
bell-shaped, [156].
bastion, [107], [108].
bath, see ḥammâm.
battering-ram, [107].
brackets, horizontal, under domes, semi-domes, and calottes, [9], [10], [12], [15], [18], [24], [25], [27], [42], [73], [97], [111], [112], [113].
brick, [13], [24], [26], [28], [30], [39], [40], [41], [45], [54], [69], [70], [71], [79], [82], [84], [96], [113], [115], [117], [154], [155], [160];
enamelled, [122], [123], [140];
sun-dried, [38], [68], [75], [146], [147], [148], [153], [154], [160].
buttress, [4], [35], [71], [122].
buttressing vaults, [14], [26], [35], [74], [75], [95].
Byzantine influence, [115], [119], [143], [147].
C
calotte, [12], [13], [14], [15], [18], [19], [24], [26], [34], [38], [73], [133], [138];
construction, [13];
laid in rings, [24], [42];
stilted, [13].
capital, [25], [77];
absent, [6], [30], [138], [140];
bell-shaped, [156];
Corinthian, [135], [141];
impost-, of masonry and stucco, [12], [24], [25], [27], [29], [30], [42], [134], [135], [138], [140];
Ionic, [65];
wreathed acanthus, [153].
caravanserai type, [104], [106], [111] n.
casemate, [22], [107], [108], [109], [121].
castrum, Sasanian, [105].
cavetto, [12].
cella, [94], [126].
centering, [9], [12], [13], [15], [18], [26], [28], [30], [33] nn. [1] and [2], [45], [71], [72], [75], [76], [96], [118], [166].
centralization, [129], [131].
chapel replacing sacellum, [105].
chemin de ronde, [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [21], [73], [106], [116].
chimney, [29], [32], [82].
Christian influence, [147], [148], [149].
cloister, see arcade.
closet, [83], [118].
coffering, [140].
colonnade, [84], [98], [123], [125].
column, absence of, in Babylonia and Assyria, [62], [77];
clustered, [24], [131], [135], [158];
double, [138];
dwarf, [127], [128], [130], [133];
engaged, [8], [12], [13], [16], [17], [19], [22], [23], [24], [25], [30], [32], [34], [36], [42], [46], [78], [122], [124], [125], [127], [128], [130], [131], [133], [136];
free-standing, [16], [17], [28], [29], [32], [35], [45], [47], [63], [80], [82], [123], [136], [148], [149], [150], [151], [152], [153], [158], [159], [160];
of wood, [148], [154], [157], [158], [160];
quarter-, in antis, [127], [128], [129], [138].
concrete, [28].
cornice, [25], [34], [70], [133];
broken, [128].
courts, isolation of, [31], [33], [48], [49], [83].
crémaillère, [106], [108], [109].
crenellated motive on archivolt, [14], [18], [140].
crenellation, [7], [18], [107], [121], [122], [123], [127], [128], [133], [134], [140], [143].
curtain wall, [7], [106] n. [8], [108].
cusp, [19], [24], [132], [133], [135], [142], [153].
D
Days of Ignorance, [56], [120], [168].
decoration, continuous niches, [123], [124], [125], [136];
continuous pattern, [123], [130], [131], [135], [143];
Coptic, [141], [143], [147], [164];
derived from wooden structure, [123];
geometric, [143];
imitative architecture, [65], [77], [123], [124], [125], [127-36];
in horizontal zones, [122], [124-36];
of structural character, [140].
dîwân, [19], [22].
djâmi’, see mosque.
dog-tooth, brick, [40], [79].
dome, [8], [10], [51], [53], [56], [70], [72], [73], [74], [75], [76], [78], [79], [92], [97], [112], [117], [118], [152];
fluted, [9], [13], [166];
on columns, [71], [72], [73], [74], [78];
ribbed, [7], [111];
thrust of, concentrated on angle piers, [78], [96].
dragon motive, [90], [143].
dungeon, [9].
Duru, [88].
E
Egyptian fortification, [106];
influence, [127] n. [1];
tombs, [124].
entablature, [76], [130];
broken, [127], [128];
Ionic, [127].
F
façade, Babylonian and Assyrian, [122], [123];
Graeco-Roman, [123];
Hellenistic, [24], [25], [51], [66], [88], [119], [122], [123], [124], [126-34];
of lîwân, [32], [34], [66], [78], [82], [95], [136], [137], [138];
of mosque court, [143], [144], [156], [158];
Roman, [124], [125];
single-arched, [138], [139];
towered, of khilâni, [62], [63], [75], [77], [78], [116];
triple-arched, [136], [137], [138].
fillet, [8], [10], [25], [27], [51], [52], [76], [79], [115], [123], [133].
fire altar, see âteshgâh.
flutes, triple, [78], [115].
fluting, [40], [41], [78], [122], [123], [133].
forum, [72], [98].
fresco, [112], [140], [142];
Alexandrian, [128] n. [3];
of Boscoreale, [125], [127], [128] n. [3].
frieze, broken, [128], [133].
funnel above arch, [8], [14] n. [1].
G
gangway, see balcony.
gate-house, Ukhaiḍir, [8], [81], [117].
gate, monumental, [4], [7], [9], [41], [49], [51], [52], [53], [81], [84], [86], [92], [96], [116], [122], [142].
gate towers, [7],

[9], [10], [41], [114];
of Roman camp, [99].
gorge, Egyptian, [76], [127].
graffito, Kharâneh, [115];
Ukhaiḍir, [31], [161], [162], [163].
Greek influence, [65], [66], [75], [87], [97], [119], [127], [130], [137], [139];
in India, [123], [136], [140], [141], [142], [143], [152], [164].
guard-rooms, [50], [51], [81], [92].
H
ḥair, [56].
ḥammâm, [4], [37], [56], [111], [112].
ḥaram, [17], [18], [21], [26], [27], [82], [83], [122], [147], [151], [153], [154], [155], [156], [157], [158], [159], [160], [167].
ḥarb, [58].
Hazârbâf, [26], [138].
head wall, [19], [27].
ḥertâ, [56].
ḥîrah, [55], [56], [57], [58], [59], [74], [78], [81], [86], [87], [90], [97], [117], [119], [120], [161], [162], [166].
ḥîri, [58], [59], [86], [121].
horizontal decoration, [24], [79], [128], [129], [130], [131], [133].
horreum, [102], [103].
hourd, [107], [116], [121], [133], [134].
house, Arab, [145], [146], [158];
Hellenistic, [65], [87], [89], [99], [120];
lîwân-ṭarmah, [87], [117];
Roman, [87], [89].
hypostyle pavilion over gate, [81].
I
incrusted style, [124].
inscriptions, absence of, in early Mohammadan architecture, [161].
inscription with date, Diyârbekr, [158];
Ḥarrân, [152];
Kharâneh, [115];
Mayâfârqîn, [159];
Môṣul, [160];
Qaṣr ibn Wardân, [112];
Raqqah, [153].
intervallum, [98], [100], [102], [103].
K
khân, [40], [41], [43], [143].
khilâni, [62], [63], [66], [75], [76], [80], [82], [84], [87-93], [116], [119], [120].
khuṭbah, [146] n. [1].
kitchen, [32], [33], [42], [47], [48], [49], [82], [83].
L
label, rectangular, [13], [27], [51].
latitudinal chamber, [45], [47], [49], [62], [65] n. [4], [78], [80], [90], [92], [93], [94].
ledge, see balcony.
limes, Roman oriental, [97], [98], [100-6], [110], [111], [120];
Roman western, [98], [110].
lintel, [112], [113], [115];
of masonry, [16], [25], [118].
lîwân, [22], [23], [26], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [42], [46], [47], [48], [49], [53], [60], [62], [63], [65], [66], [70], [73], [75], [76], [78], [80], [82], [83], [84], [86], [87], [88], [89], [90], [92], [93], [94], [95], [104], [112], [116], [117], [119], [132], [137], [138], [142], [143], [167].
loggia, [78], [123].
longitudinal chamber, [78], [93], [94].
loophole, [6], [7], [9], [107], [115], [116], [121], [140], [166].
lozenge, [8], [17].
M
machicolation, [7], [107], [121].
madjlis, [145].
madrasah, [159].
Magi, [91], [92].
maqṣûrah, [147], [148], [149].
masdjid, [145].
masdjid al-djamâ’ah, [146], [148].
megaron, [65] n. [4], [89], [120].
miḥrâb, [16], [17] n., [18], [132], [141], [147], [149], [150], [151], [152], [155], [157], [159], [168].
minaret, at Abu Dulaf, [156];
at Baghdâd, [40];
at Baṣrah, [148];
at Iṣfahân, [41] n. [1];
at Raqqah, [153], [154];
at Sâmarrâ, [156];
at Ṭâûq, [40];
of Ghazni, [41];
of Ibn Ṭulûn, [156].
minbar, [146], [149], [150], [151].
misr, [146], [148].
Mohammadan art, [142].
mortar, bitumen, [69], [96];
clay, [96];
gypsum, [12], [15], [44], [96].
mosaic, [65], [147], [148].
mosque, [16], [17], [20], [21], [26], [40], [86], [117], [132], [133], [141], [142], [144], [145-60], [168].
moulding, [124], [125], [128], [133], [166];
continuous, [133].
N
narthex, see ṭarmah.
niche, arched, [7], [8], [10], [12], [13], [14], [16], [19], [24], [25], [34], [37], [38], [39], [41], [42], [47], [50], [51], [52], [53], [76], [78], [122], [123], [124], [125], [130], [131], [133], [138], [139], [142], [154], [158];
architraved, [40], [126];
flanked by colonnettes, [13], [24], [25], [27], [28], [42], [52], [130], [131], [139], [140];
in rectangular frame, [8], [34], [40], [76], [132], [133], [134], [135], [136], [139].
O
oecus, [87].
orientation of mosques, [150], [151].
orthostatae, [62], [122], [123] n. [1], [124].
ovolo, [29].
P
painting, Greek, [125].
palace, Achaemenid, [62-4], [140];
Assyrian, [93], [94], [124], [140];
Babylonian, [93];
Byzantine, [121];
Greek, [89];
Hittite, see khilâni;
Mohammadan, [84-7], [110-21], [168];
Parthian, [65-72], [89], [90], [140];
Roman, [121];
Sasanian, [44-54], [73-81], [83], [84], [90-7], [118], [119], [120], [121].
palmette, [141] n. [3];
broken, [132];
tree, [143].
panel, [42], [122].
pediment, [129], [139];
broken, [125], [127], [128].
pendentive, [42], [73], [111].
peristyle, [65], [87], [99], [120], [136].
pier, [12], [17], [18], [20], [24], [25], [29], [30], [33], [123], [127], [128], [152], [153], [158];
heart-shaped, [46], [74].
piers, clustered, [135], [156], [158].
pilaster, [5], [6], [8], [34], [123], [126].
plan, basilical, [111], [117], [142];
change of, at Ukhaiḍir, [10], [33] n. [3], [60], [81];
circular city, [107], [109];
conjunctive, [89];
disjunctive, [89];
injunctive, [89], [90], [106], [120].
plaster, see stucco.
plinth, [122], [128], [134].
podium, [122], [123], [124], [125], [130];
broken, [125], [127], [128].
Porta Decumana, [98], [103].
Porta Praetoria, [98], [103].
Porta Principalis Dextra, [98].
Porta Principalis Sinistra, [98].
portcullis, [7], [10].
portico, [58], [59], [126], [152].
potsherds, mediaeval, [38], [56].
Praetentura, [102].
Praetorium, [72], [98], [99], [102], [103], [104], [120].
prostas, [87].
pylon-like wall, [130], [131].
pylon tombs, [127], [128].
Pyraetheia, [91].
R
ramp, [12], [14], [19], [21], [45], [46], [50], [80], [86].
recess, see niche.
recessed calotte, [13];
ornament, [18], [27], [34], [40], [133], [140];
square containing circle, on mosques, [156].
Retentura, [102].
retreating angles, see crémaillère.
rinceaux, [141] n. [3].
riwâq, arûqah, [17], [20], [58], [59], [147], [150], [151], [152], [153], [155], [156], [157], [158], [160].
rock-cut monuments, [72], [123], [126-30], [142].
Roman camp, stockaded earthwork, [97], [99], [110];
stone, [97], [99], [100-4];
type, [98], [99], [103], [105], [106], [120], [121].
Roman influence, [136], [137].
Roman temple tomb, [127].
roof, wooden, [144], [150], [152], [153], [156], [158].
rosette, [17], [18], [27], [140].
S
sacellum, [98], [101], [103], [104].
safâfîd, [149].
ṣaḥn, [17], [20], [21], [23], [143], [144], [148], [149], [150], [151], [152], [154], [156], [157], [159], [160].
Sasanian influence, [59],

[75], [115], [137], [141], [164].
scollop, see cusp.
semi-dome, [18], [27], [28], [38], [42], [73], [79], [111], [112], [115], [139];
fluted, [25], [118], [139].
serdâb, [25], [28], [35], [37], [82].
spandrel, [6], [12], [24], [27], [34], [131], [133].
spear-shaped motive, [27], [140].
spiral motive, [133].
squinch arch, [18], [23], [27], [38], [50], [51], [52], [53], [73], [79], [96], [97], [115], [140], [159];
fluted, [18].
stair, [7], [13], [20], [21], [22], [23], [28], [29], [31], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [40], [46], [82];
on âtesgâh, [91], [92].
staircase motive, [127].
stela, [123], [135].
stoa, [65], [124], [126].
stone, dressed, [65] n. [1], [70], [96], [124], [126], [159];
undressed masonry, [6], [24], [28], [44], [69], [76], [78], [84], [96], [113], [116], [117], [160].
stucco, [12], [16], [17], [18], [23], [24], [26], [34], [52], [86], [115], [124], [125], [134], [140], [164];
oversailing bars, [18], [26], [28], [38], [51], [65], [66], [140].
stupa, [123].
ṣuffah, [146].
symmetry, [92].
T
tabernacle in votive niches and tombs, [127].
ṭâqchah, [28], [35], [51], [52], [76].
ṭarmah, [30], [32], [48], [53], [83], [84], [87], [88], [93], [94], [119], [137], [138].
temple, Assyrian, [92], [93], [94], [124];
Babylonian, [92], [93], [94];
fire, [90], [92], [94];
in antis, [66];
peripteral, [65].
tetrapylon, [98].
theatre, at Babylon, [65];
at Ephesus, [125].
tholos, [128], [129].
torus, [76].
towers, à cheval, [103], [108];
chamber, [7], [31];
flanking, [4], [6], [7], [33], [36], [37], [41], [60], [99-110], [113], [114], [116], [117], [121], [153], [155];
in Roman camp, [99];
polygonal, [109];
rounded and rectangular, [103], [107], [108], [109];
tomb, [41] n. [1].
transept of mosque, [152], [155], [158], [159].
trifoliate apse, [117].
tubes, decoration, value of, [35], [143];
imply vault, [143];
in vault, [14], [19], [22], [30], [31], [33], [35], [36], [76], [143], [144].
U
Ukhaiḍir, absence of bath, [166];
central court, [23], [24-6], [33], [34], [82], [131];
corridor, [28], pp. [20], [23], [24], [25], [29], [33];
court A, [16], [19];
court B, [23], [30], [31], [32], [33], [82], [83];
court C, [23], [30], [32], [33], [82], [83];
court D, [23], [33];
court E, [23], [24], [30], [33], [83];
court F, [29], [33];
court G, [23], [30], [32], [33], [82], [83];
court H, [23], [30], [32], [33], [82], [83];
east annex, [34], [35], [82];
great hall (7), [12-14], [19], [24], [81];
ḥammâm, [37];
imperfect seclusion of ḥaram courts, [166];
inner walls and towers, [33];
mosque, [16-19], [150];
name of, [162];
north annex, [36], [37], [60];
north gate tower, [9], [10], [19], [21];
outer walls and gates, [4-9], [34], [78], [81];
palace yard, [5], [14], [20], [32], [33], [34];
passages 5 and 6 pp. [10], [14], [16], [34];
room [4], p. [9];
rooms [29-42], pp. [26-9], [34], [35], [82];
three-storied block, [14-23], [24], [25], [32], [33], [81], [117].
underground rooms, see serdâb.
‘uqûd, [148].
V
vault, [8], [9], [10], [13], [14], [15], [16], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [39], [41], [42], [48], [49], [50], [51], [72], [73], [75], [82], [83], [95], [112], [115], [143], [144], [150], [155], [160], [165], [166];
at Hatra, [70-3];
construction, [9], [10], [13], [14], [19], [43], [118];
elliptical, see (vault) ovoid;
flattened, [22];
groined, [29], [33], [35], [73], [97], [111], [112], [120], [166];
history of, [68-70];
intersection, avoided, [9], [17], [29], [53], [73];
introduction of changes plan, [66];
on columns, [71-2], [78];
over inclined plane, [7], [16], [46], [97];
oversailing, [9], [43], [45], [52], [70], [79], [118];
—imitation of, [27];
ovoid, [31], [52], [71], [76], [165];
pointed, [45], [50], [165];
pointed and oversailing, [8], [9], [14], [16], [17];
segmental, [28];
stilted, [13], [70];
want of skill in Sasanian, [97].
Via Praetoria, [98], [103], [121];
Principalis, [98], [121];
Quintana, [98];
Sagularis, [98].
Viceroys of ‘Irâq, [168].
vine motive, [141].
W
wall, buttressed, [131];
construction, [6], [38], [45];
outer, angle sliced off, [39], [54];
unbroken face, [126], [131].
ward, [17].
water basin in mosque, [151].
windows in drum of dome, [79], [111].
wooden beams, in wall, [6], [12], [13], [95];
under vault, [9], [17], [18], [21], [32], [34], [36], [37], [39].
Z
ziggurat, [92].
zigzag motive, [17], [27], [38], [40], [116], [140].
ziyâdah, [156].
ẓullah, [148], [150].

INDEX OF NAMES

[A], [B], [C], [D], [E], [F], [G], [H], [I], [J], [K], [L], [M], [N], [O], [P], [Q], [R], [S], [T], [U], [V], [W], [X], [Y], [Z]

A
Abbâs, Abu, [75] n.
‘Abdeh, [103], [112].
Absalom, tomb of, [128] n.
Abydos, [70] n.
‘Adhrâ, the, church of, [133] n.
‘Adi ibn Zaid, [57], [59].
Africa, [98] n., [110];
North, [98], [99], [152].
Ahwâz, Djebel, [148], [149], [160].
‘A’ishah, [146].
Akbar’s mosque, [139].
Akeldama, tomb of, [72].
Alabanda, [128] n.
Aleppo, ix, x, xi, [58], [126].
Alexander, Emperor, [69], [119];
his invasion, [63].
Alexandria, [125], [127], [129], [152].
‘Ali, [167], [168].
Alinda, walls of, [108].
Alkader, see el-Chader.
Alyattes, tumulus of, [96].
Ammân, [118] n., [140].
‘Amr ibn al-’Âṣ, [146] n., [148], [149];
his mosque, [149], [150], [151].
‘Amrah, Qṣair, [56], [111], [112], [114], [118], [142], [162].
Amrân mound, [65].
‘Ânah, ix.
Anatolia, Central, [138].
al-Anbâr, [43] n., [57] and n., [164], [167].
Anderîn, [105].
Andrae, Dr. Walther, v, [66] n., [69] n., [73] n., [90], [91], [92] n., [93] n., [94] n., [106] n., [107] and n., [137], [141] n., [143] n.
Antioch, [57], [65], [119], [120] n., [121], [124].
Anu-Adad, [93].
Aosta, [109], [128], [136].
Apamea, [98] n., [120] and n., [126].
Aqṣâ, the, mosque of, [145], [151], [152].
Arabia, vii, [127].
Arabia Petraea, [98].
Ardashir I., [74] n.
Ardeshîr Bâbagân, [91].
Argos, [96].
Asarhaddon, [62], [108].
al-’A’shâ, [145] n.
al-’Âshiq, [86], [132] n.
Asia, [65], [69], [87], [142];
South-west, [126];
Western, [63], [68], [123], [124], [126], [135].
Asia Minor, [73], [78], [96], [108].
‘Asîleh, wells, [1].
Aslâm, see ‘Aṭshân.
Assos, [109].
Assur, [65], [66], [68], [93], [94] n., [96] n., [106] and n., [107], [140], [141] n.
Assyria, [62] n., [65], [68], [74], [78], [93], [122], [123], [140], [142].
al-Aswad ibn Ya’fur, [57] n.
Athenaeus, [128] n.
Athens, [66] n., [124].
al-Athîr, Ibn, [3] n., [162] and n., [164] n.
‘Atîl, [126].
‘Atiyyah, [58].
‘Aṭshân, Khân, viii, [2], [3] and n., [40-3], 1[62] and n.
Attalus, [124].
Austria, [98].
Autun, [109].
Ayyûbid Ghâzi, [159], [160].
al-Azîz ibn Marwân, ‘Abd, [149].
al-Azraq, Qaṣr, [56], [111].
B
Ba’albek, [126], [152] and n.
Bâbisqâ, [132] n.
Babylon, xi, [65] and n., [68], [69], [70], [76], [87], [93], [96], [119].
Babylonia, [64], [65], [74], [78], [94], [96], [142].
Bacon, [109] n.
Baghdâd, ix, [5], [40], [58], [66], [72], [79], [121], [141], [143] n., [150], [154], [157], [158], [167].
Baḥr Nedjef, see Nedjef.
Bahrâm V Gûr, [57], [59], [74] n.
el-Baḥri, see Dair el-Baḥri.
al-Baiḍâ, see Khirbet al-Baiḍâ.
Bait al-Khalîfah, see al-Khalîfah.
Balâdhuri, [74] n., [147] and n., [148] and n., [149], [153], [162].
Balkuwârâ, [84], [85], [86], [87], [117], [121], [138], [157], [164].
Ballu, [98] n.
Bâqirḥâ, [126].
Bashmishli, [132] n.
Baṣrah, ix, x, [58], [146], [149], [150], [158], [168].
Bassora, see Baṣrah.
Baṭûṭah, Ibn, [56], [58], [75] n.
Becker, Prof., [17] n., [112] n., [146] n., [147] and n., [149] n., [150].
Beduin, tribe, [5].
Bel, temple of, [122].
Bell, Miss G. L., xi, [40] n., [56] n., [57] n., [59] n., [70] n., [71] n., [73] n., [78] n., [86] n., [132] n., [133] n., [138] n., [143] n., [153] n., [154] n., [165] n., [166] n.
Benndorf, [108] and n.
Berlin, xii, [115], [118] n.
Bethlehem, [117].
Binbirklisse, [73] n.
Bishr (son of ‘Âdah son of ‘Îsâ son of ‘Umar), [161].
Bîsutûn, [134].
Blanchet, [103] n., [109] n., [110] n.
Boghâz Keui, [93] and n., [108], [122].
Bosco, R. Velazquez, xii, [143] n.
Boscoreale, [125], [127], [128] n.
Boṣrâ, [98] n., [120].
Bostân, [41] n.
Britain, [98] and n.
British Museum, [76], [123], [132] n.
Bruce, [98] n.
Bruckmann, xii.
Brünnow, Prof., xii, [98] n., [100], [101], [102], [103] n., [104], [105], [106] n., [110] n., [117] n., [118] and n., [126] n., [127] n., [128] n., [129], [135] n.
Bruno, [56] n.
Bryas, [121].
Bshair, [103], [104].
Bulard, [124] n.
Burdân, Wâdi, [1].
Burgess, [72] n., [73] n.
Bury, [121] n.
Butler, [72] n., [98] n., [105] n., [111] n., [112] n., [126] n., [132] n., [133] n., [135] n., [138] n., [139] n., [165].
Byzantium, [97], [109], [110].
C
Cagnat, [98] n., [99] n.
Cairo, [92] and n., [141], [144], [156].
Carchemish, [122].
Caria, [108].
Carmichael, Mr., x.
Carnuntum, [100].
Carthage, [109].
Casr Chaider, ix.
el-Chader (Ukhaiḍir) Ras el-’Ain, x, xi, [58].
Chaitya Cave, [123] n.
Chaldaea, [70] n., [106], [122], [123].
Chehâr Qapû, [44], [45], [51-4], [90], [92], [94], [115].
Chipiez, [65] n., [68] n., [70] n., [75] n., [78] n., [93] n., [94] n., [106] n., [108] n., [109] n., [122] n., [123] n., [128] n., [140] n.
Chiusi, [69] n., [166].
Choisy, [68] n., [69] n., [70] n., [109] n.
Chosroës, the, [59], [80], [94], [120], [148], [149].
Chosroës II, [44].
Clarke, [109] n.
Constantine, Emperor, [117], [121].
Constantinople, vii, xi, [121], [151].
Corbett, [146] n., [149] n.
Cordova, [152].
Corinthian tomb, [128], [135].
Coste, [74] n., [76] n., [78] n., [79] n., [106] n., [107] n., [137], [165] n.
Cramer, [110] n.
Ctesiphon, vii, [57], [59], [66], [70], [75], [77], [94], [95], [115], [119], [120], [122], [129-32], [134-8], [165], [166].
Curie, [98] n.
D
Ḍaba, Djebel, [2], [3].
Da’djaniyyeh, [102], [103], [116].
al-Dair, [128] and n., [129].
Dair al-Kafh, [104].
Dair el-Baḥri, [70] n.
Dalman, [126] n.
Damascus, [55], [66], [101], [119], [120] and n., [126], [147], [151], [152], [154], [158], [162], [164] n., [167].
Dânâ, [126].
Darius, King, palace of, [63], [64], [76].
Dastadjird, [60], [107] n., [120].
Daumet, [138] n.
Dead Sea, the, [97].
De Beylié, [142] n., [143] n.
De Goeje, [3] n., [57] n., [147] n., [167] n.
Delbrück, Prof., [68] n., [69] n., [70] n., [72] n., [73] n., [96] n., [123], [124] and n., [125] and n., [127] n., [132] n., [136] n., [166] n.
Della Valle, ix.
Delos, [65] n., [68] n., [87], [124].
De Meynard, Barbier, [59] n., [167] n.
De Morgan, M., xii, [80] n., [134].
Dereh Shah, [80] n.
De Sarzec, [78] n., [87] n., [122] n., [142].
De Vogüé, [56] n., [72] n., [73] n., [84] n., [111] n.
Dibs, Abu, [1], [2], [3], [168].
Dieulafoy, M., xii, [53] n., [65] n., [68] n., [71] n., [72] n., [74] n., [75], [76] n., [77], [78] n., [79] and n., [81] n., [90], [91], [92] and n., [95], [96] n., [106] n., [107] and n., [118] n., [122] n., [130], [134] n., [140] n., [143] n., [157], [165] n.
Diocletian, Emperor, [56], [103], [109], [110], [121].
Diodorus, [69] n.
Diyârbekr, viii, [120], [132], [154], [158], [159].
Djabala ibn al-Ḥârith, [110].
Djâbiyah, [56] n.
Djaulân, the, [56].
Djôf, [5], [167].
Djôfîyîn, the, [5].
Djûr, [91], [92].
Domaszewski, [98] n., [102], [103] n., [106] n., [110] n., [117] n., [118] and n., [126] n., [127] and n., [128] n., [135] n.
Dulaf, Abu, mosque of, [144], [154], [155], [156], [158].
Ḍumair, [101], [102], [103] and n., [110].
Durm, [65] n., [66] n., [70] n., [89], [108] n., [109] n., [124] n.
Dussaud, [56] n.
E
Ebersolt, [121] n.
Ecbatana, [123] n.
Egypt, vii, [68], [70] n., [72], [96], [106], [123], [124], [127] n., [142], [146], [147].
Epaminondas, [109] n.
Ephesus, [109], [125], [132] n.
Euphrates, river, x, xi, [1], [56], [57].
Euphrates road, [43] n.
Europe, [101], [110], [142].
Evans, Sir Arthur, [70] n.
F
Fars, [79], [80], [96], [143] n.
Fatehpur Sîkrî, [139].
Ferâshâbâd, [78].
Fergusson, [41] n., [72] n., [73] n., [123] n., [139].
Firûzâbâd, [53] n., [73], [74] and n., [76-80], [82], [83],

[86], [91], [95], [119], [134], [136], [137], [143], [165].
el-Fityân, see Khirbet el-Fityân.
Flandin, [74] n., [76] n., [78] n., [79] and n., [106] n., [107] n., [137], [165] n.
Flavians, the, palace of, [120].
Flavius Silva, [97].
Franks, the, [110].
Fréjus, [109].
Fusṭâṭ, [146] n., [148], [149], [150].
G
Garstang, Prof., [60] n.
Gaul, [104] n., [110].
Gebhardt, Messrs., xii, [89].
Germany, [98].
Ghadaf, Wâdi, [111], [112].
Ghassânids, the, [56].
Ghazni, towers, [41].
Gsell, [98] n.
Gudea, [106], [122].
H
Ḥabbâniyyeh, [1], [2], [3].
al-Ḥadjdjâdj, [43] n., [148], [162] n., [164], [168].
Hadrian, Emperor, [97], [98].
Ḥakh, [133] n.
al-Ḥâkim, [158].
Halicarnassus, [124].
Ḥamâd, Khân, [2].
Hammâd, Bani, the, fortress of, [142].
Ḥamrath, tomb of, [126].
Hamza al-Iṣfahâni, [110].
Ḥanbal, Ibn, [55] n.
Hanging Gardens, the, [69] n.
Harbâ, [143] n.
Ḥarrân, [132], [152], [153], [158].
Ḥarûn al-Rashîd, [165], [167], [168].
Ḥasan, Bani, [3], [57], [58].
Ḥasan Kaif, [133], [143], [160].
Hâshimiyyeh, [167].
Hatra, [66], [67], [69-72], [75], [78], [82], [87], [88], [90-2], [94-6], [107], [119], [136-8], [141] n., [143].
Hatti, [60] n.
Hauqal, Ibn, [142] n.
Ḥaurân, the, [56], [98] n., [138].
Ḥaurân, Wâdi, [1].
Haush Quru, [80] n.
Haverfield, Prof., xii, [99].
Hazâr Dâr, [80] n.
Heberdey, [125] n.
Ḥedjr tombs, [127], [128].
el-Heiadîe, see Ṭuqṭuqâneh.
Heraclius, [120].
Herodotus, [90], [92].
Herzfeld, Dr., xii, [58], [60] n., [62] n., [65] n., [74] n., [80] n., [84], [85], [86] and n., [94] n., [105] n., [107] n., [110] n., [117], [118] n., [121] n., [123] n., [130] n., [132] n., [134] n., [135] n., [136], [138] and n., [140] n., [141] n., [143] n., [151] n., [153] and n., [154], [155], [156] and n., [157], [159], [160] n., [165] and n., [166] n.
Hêt, see Hît.
Heuzey, [78] n., [87] n., [122] n., [138] n.
Ḥidjâz, [167].
Hidjrah, the, [55].
Hilprecht, [65] n., [107] n., [122] n.
Hindiyyeh, the, [2], [39], [41], [56], [57].
al-Ḥîrah, [56-9], [86], [87], [148], [168].
Ḥishâm, [168].
Hît, x, xi, [43] n.
Hittorff, [128] n.
Ḥiyyadhiyyeh, [58].
Hogarth, Mr., [122].
Holman, Messrs., xii, [66].
el-Hossian, [58].
Housesteads, [99].
Humann, [125] n.
Hurairah, Abu, [166].
Hyginus, [98].
I
Iassos, [108].
Ibrahîm ibn Salamah, [74] n.
Inaldi, Inalid, [158] n.
India, [72], [73], [137].
‘Irâq, [162] n., [167], [168].
‘Îsâ ibn ‘Ali ibn ‘Abdallâh, [164], [168].
Iṣfahân, [41] n., [134].
Isriyyeh, [126].
Iṣṭakhr, [107] n.
Italy, [68], [128].
Ives, x.
‘Izziyyeh, [58].
J
Jacobi, [98] n.
Jaussen, [126] n., [127] n.
Jerusalem, [72], [128], [145], [146].
John of Ephesus, [56] n.
Jordan, Dr., [122].
Joshua the Stylite, [56].
Jupiter, [91].
Justinian, Emperor, [57], [117], [119], [145].
K
Ka’bah, the, vii, [145].
al-Kahf, see Dair al-Kahf.
Karkh, [94], [95], [139].
Kayder, see el-Chader.
Kerbelâ, [1], [2].
Kerbelâ-Nedjef road, [2], [3] n.
Kerîm Khân, [79];
his brother, [80] n.
Kerkûk, [40], [71], [134].
Kfair, [132] n.
Khader, see el-Chader.
al-Khaḍrâ, see al-Qabbet al-Khaḍrâ.
Khâlid ibn ‘Abdallâh, [168].
Khâlid ibn al-Walîd, [3].
al-Khalîfah, Bait, [86], [138], [144].
Kharâneh, [39], [78], [82], [111], [114-18], [120], [162], [166].
Khâṣakî Djâmi’, the, [141].
Khawarnaq, [56], [57], [75] n., [87], [119], [162].
Khazneh, the, [128] and n., [135].
al-Khernîna, Khân, [143] and n.
al-Kherr, Wâdi, [58] n.
Khirbet al-Baiḍâ, [56], [106].
Khirbet el-Fityân, [102] n.
Khodja ‘Alam, [41] n.
Khorsâbâd, [68], [81], [92], [93], [94], [106] and n., [122], [123].
Khurâsân, the, [74] n.
Khusrau I, [57], [119].
Khusrau II Parwêz, [59], [74] n., [94].
Khusrau, palace of, [44-51], [74], [79], [80], [81], [83], [84], [86], [87], [90], [92], [93], [119], [164].
Khusrau, Qal’a-i-, [60].
Knossos, [70] n.
Koepp, [97] n.
Koldewey, Prof., [61], [62] n., [65] n., [68] and n., [69] n., [76] n., [77] n., [87] n., [88], [92] n., [93] n., [94] n., [108] n., [109] n.
Kubaisah, xi.
Kûfah, x, [2], [3], [43] and n., [148-50], [158], [162], [164], [167], [168].
Kuhna, Qal’a-i-, [107] n.
L
Lagash, [106], [107].
Lambaesis, [99].
Lammens, [17] n., [55] n., [56] n., [111] n., [117] n., [145] n., [146] n., [147] n., [148] n., [162] n., [168] n.
Lanckoronski, [124] n.
Lane, [59] n.
Layard, [68] and n., [75].
Leachman, Captain, [162] n.
Ledjdjûn, [101], [102], [103] and n.
Leleges, wall of the, [108].
Le Strange, [40] n., [57] n., [58] n., [151] n., [167] n.
Littmann, Prof., xii, [161], [162].
Lixos, [109].
Loftus, [65] and n., [90], [122], [140] n.
Lyall, Sir Charles, xii, [22] n., [56] n., [57] n., [145] n.
Lyell, [98] n.
Lynch, [135] n.
Lysimachus, [109].
M
Macmillan, Messrs., xii.
Madâin Ṣâliḥ, vii, [126-8], [135], [138], [142], [145] n.
Madjḍah, see Mudjḍah.
Magnesia, [124], [125] n.
al-Mahdi, [151].
Maḥmûd of Ghazni, [41].
Makhḍah, see Mudjḍah.
Makrîsi, [147] n.
al-Malik, ‘Abd, [151].
Maṇsûr, [150], [151], [153], [154], [157], [158], [164], [165], [167].
Mantineia, [109].
Maqrîzi, [151].
Marçais, [152] n.
Marmora, sea of, [121].
Marwân, [147], [149], [168].
Masada, [97].
Massignon, M., xi, [31] n., [38] n., [39] n., [40] n., [57] n., [58] n., [161].
Mas’ûdi, [58], [86], [87], [118].
Mau, [72] n.
Mauritania Tingitana, [109].
Maximian, Emperor, [56].
Mayâfârqîn, viii, [132], [153], [159], [166].
Media, [62] n.
Medînah, [145-52], [158], [168].
Medînat al-Zahrâ, palace of, [143].
Medinet Abu, [70] n.
Mediterranean coast-lands, the, [64].
al-Mehdiyyeh, gates of, [142].
Meissner, [56] n.
Mekkah, vii, [120], [145-8], [150], [167].
el-Melfûf, see Ridjm el-Melfûf.
Memphis, [72].
Menâr, the, palace of, [142].
Merchel, [109] n.
Merkes, the, [65] n., [76].
Meshed ‘Ali, see Nedjef.
Mesopotamia, [12], [16] n., [38], [66], [68], [70], [71], [75], [76], [79], [88], [96], [97], [115], [124], [130], [133], [137], [141], [143], [144], [146], [152], [156], [158], [165], [166];
Northern, [71], [75], [141] n.;
Southern, [28].
Mesopotamian plain, [60].
Messene, [109] and n.
Michael II, [121].
Michaelis, [122] n.
Miletus, [124], [125].
Mommsen, [101] n.
Moritz, Dr. B., xii, [111] n., [114] n., [115], [161], [167].
Môṣul, [133], [160].
Mount Eryx, [108].
Mshaiyesh, [111] n.
Mshattâ, [111], [113], [117], [118] and n., [120], [133] n., [135], [138], [139], [141], [142], [162], [165].
Mu’âwiyah, [148], [168].
Mudjḍah (Madjḍah, Makhḍah), viii, [2], [3], [39-41], [43], [162].
Mughair, [70] and n.
Muḥaiwir, [1].
Muḥammad, [145], [146], [147], [161].
Muhtadi, [165] n.
al-Mundhir, [56], [148].
Munich, [133] n.
Muntaṣir, [165] n.
Muqaddasi, [3], [58], [151], [153].
Muqâtil ibn Ḥasân ibn Tha’labah ibn Aus ibn Ibrâhîm ibn Ayyûb ibn Madjrûf ibn ‘Âmir ibn ‘Uṣayyah ibn Imra’al-Qais ibn Zaid Manât ibn Tamîm, [162].
al-Muqâtil, Qaṣr, [162], [164], [168].
Mûsâ, Abu, [148].
Muṣallâ, Khân, [57].
Mushennef, [126].
Musil, Prof., [2] n., [55] n., [58] n., [103] n., [111] and n., [112] n., [113], [114] and n., [115], [116] and n., [117] n., [162] n.
Musmiyyeh, [72].
al-Mustanṣir, [143] n.
Mustanṣiriyyeh, the, [40], [143] n.
Mustaufi, [58].
Mutawakkil, [58], [59], [86], [121], [154].
Mu’tazz, [165] n.
Muwaqqar, [110], [135].
Mycenae, [96], [108], [120].
N
Nabataean tombs, [127] n., [128].
Nâṣiri Khusrau, [159] n.
Naṣr, Banû, [58].
Nassick, [123] n.
Nebuchadnezzar, palace of, [70], [93], [96].
Nedjd, [5].
Nedjef, ix, x, [3] n., [40], [57], [58], [167].
Nedjef, Bahr, [56], [57], [58], [164], [167].
Nereids, the, monument of, [108].
Nero, Emperor, [72].
Nicephoricum-Callinicum, [153].
Niebuhr, x, [58] n.
Niederberg, [100] n.
Niederbieber, [100] n.
Niemann, [108] and n.
Niffer, [65] and n., [66], [87], [89], [107], [119], [122].
Nimrûd, [93].
Nöldeke, [56] n., [57] n., [96] n., [112] n.
Novaesium, [100].
Nu’mân III, King, [59].
Nu’mân ibn Mundhir, [56].
Nu’man ibn Imra’ al-Qais,