eu „ French Monsieur.
u „ oo in foot (always preceded by an s sound).
ui „ in fruit (or rather French ü).
In ia, iau, ieu and ie, we have short i followed closely by a, au, eu, and e, as described above.
Of course it is understood that the Chinese sounds in a majority of cases vary somewhat from the English sounds which are given as the nearest equivalent.
The Dok-yoong Z-moo— “Initials used alone” i.e., without vowels, are—ts, tsh, dz, s, z, an, ng, and r. The first five are followed by the vowel sound in the second syllable of able—prolonged. Mateer and Bailer use ï for this sound and the new Mandarin Romanized uses i[C0]. It is not written, but understood in the Shanghai system. m has the sound of m in chasm and ng the sound of ng in hanger; r is a sound between final r and l.
Tone Marks.—As in Ningpo and other Woo dialects, tone marks are unnecessary in ordinary letter-press, and are omitted in this book.