Head of an Italian Criminal

Urine and Feces. As the functions are anomalous, the chemical changes must also be anomalous, owing to the correlation of organs. In born criminals there is a diminished excretion of nitrogen, whereas that of chlorides is normal. The elimination of phosphoric acid is increased, especially when compared with the nitrogen excreted. Pepton is sometimes found in the excretions of paralytic persons in whom there is always an increased elimination of phosphates and calcium carbonate.

The temperature is generally higher than in normal persons, and, more important still, varies less in febrile illnesses.

For the reader's convenience, I have drawn up a list of the different points that should be noted in a careful examination.

Table showing the Anthropological Examination of Insane and Criminal Patients (drawn up by Tamburini, Strassmann, Benelli, and Mario Carrara).

A—Anamnesis. Name—surname—nationality—domicile—profession—age—education.
Economic and hygienic conditions of native place.
Family circumstances—pre-natal conditions—infancy—puberty.
Causes to which decease of parents may be attributed.
Cases of insanity—neurosis—imbecility—perversity—suicide—crime—or eccentricity in the family.
Progressive diseases or trauma in the subject.
Offence and causes thereof.
B—Physique. Skeletal development—height—span of the arms.
C—Physical Examination. Muscular development.
Colour of hair and eyes.
Quantity and distribution of hair.
Tattooing.
Craniometry: Antero-posterior diameter—transverse diameter— antero-posterior curve—transverse curve—cephalic index—type and anomalies of the skull—circumference—probable capacity—semi-circumference (anterior, posterior)—forehead—face, length, diameter (bizygomatic and bigoniac)—facial type—facial index—anomalies of conformation and development in the skull, in the face, in the ears, in the teeth, in other parts.
D—Functions.
E—Animal Life. Sensibility: meteoric—tactile—thermal—dolorific and muscular—visual—auditory—of the other senses.
Motivity: Sensory left-handedness—motory left-handedness—voluntary and involuntary movements—reflex action (tendinous or muscular, abnormal, chorea).
F—Vegetative Life. Muscular strength.
Circulation.
Respiration.
Thermo-genesis.
Digestion: Rumination—bulimy—vomiting—dyspepsia—constipation—diarrhœa.
Secretions: Milk—saliva—perspiration—urine—menstruation.
Dyscrasia: poisoning.
G—Psychic Examination. Language—writing—slang.
Attention—perception.
Memory (textual)—reason.
Dreams—excitability—passions.
Sentiments: Affection—morality—religion.
Instincts and tendencies.
Moral character—industry.
Physiognomical expression.
Education—aptitudes.
H—Morbid Phenomena. Illusions—hallucinations—delusions—susceptibility to suggestion.
I—Offences.
Cause of first offence: Environment—occasion—spontaneous or premeditated—drunkenness.
Conduct after the offence: Repentance—recidivation.

CHAPTER II