[224] Koili Hissar, according to Kiepert’s Map on the Schonak or Owadmish Schai, which falls into the Yekyl Irmak. It is a little below Shebban Kara Hissar; it is also called Koyunlu Hissar.

[225] Shebban Kara Hissar, still noted for its alum mines. The castle is built on an isolated mountain about six hundred feet high and three miles in circumference, and is of great natural strength; it has the same contrivance common to most of the old castles for the supply of water during a siege, namely, a staircase excavated in the solid rock. It was probably one of the treasure-cities of Mithridates mentioned by Strabo. The trade in alum has greatly diminished, as it is now exported to Turkish provinces solely.

[226] Probably Egin on the Euphrates, on the route from Erzingan to Malatia. See Angiolello, [cap. 6].

[227] Compare the death of Archimedes.

[228] Ikindjis.

[229] Erzingan. See [p. 7].

[230] Malatia, the ancient Melitene, near the Euphrates or Murad, in lat. N. 30 deg. 26 min., long. E. 38 deg. 27 min.

[231] This is only in the dry season, as there are no islands, only sandbanks.

[232] Peer Ahmed.

[233] See Angiolello, [cap. 7].