If, however, there has been no black and blue at first, as in a bruise, but it begins to show later, and the pain continues severe, and there is a good deal of swelling, then you should send for a doctor, as more than first aid is needed.
In case of sprain, send for a doctor, and in the meantime elevate the joint and apply hot or cold water, or alternate hot and cold, as patient prefers. This will give relief by contracting the blood vessels.
2. (a) BURNS; (b) SCALDS; (c) SUNBURN; (d) FROSTBITE
(a) Burns are produced by dry heat, as a fire, acids, alkalis, etc., and may be of all degrees, from a superficial reddening of the skin to a burning of the tissues to the bone.
(b) Scalds are produced by moist heat, and may be of the same degrees as those produced by dry heat.
(c) Sunburn is produced by the sun, and is usually superficial, but may be quite severe.
(d) Frostbite is produced by freezing the tissues and is usually not dangerous. The more severe types will be treated later under Freezing.
Treatment—(a) Burns; (b) Scalds
1. Except in the minor burns and scalds, send for the doctor at once.
2. The first thing to do is allay pain by protecting the injured part from the air.