| COUNTRIES | POPULATION | SQ. MILES | CAPITALS |
| China | 426,447,000 | 4,218,401 | Peking. |
| British Empire[1] | 396,968,798 | 11,146,084 | London. |
| Russian Empire | 129,004,514 | 8,660,395 | St. Petersburg. |
| United States[2] | 76,303,887 | 3,602,990 | Washington. |
| United States and islands[3] | 89,000,000 | 3,756,884 | Washington. |
| France and colonies | 65,166,967 | 3,250,000 | Paris. |
| German Empire, in Europe | 58,549,000 | 208,830 | Berlin. |
| Austro-Hungarian Empire | 46,973,359 | 264,595 | Vienna. |
| Japan | 44,260,604 | 147,669 | Tokio. |
| Netherlands and Colonies | 33,042,238 | 778,187 | The Hague. |
| Turkish Empire | 33,559,787 | 1,652,533 | Constantinople. |
| Italy | 32,449,754 | 110,665 | Rome. |
| Spain | 17,550,216 | 196,173 | Madrid. |
| Brazil | 18,000,000 | 3,218,130 | Rio Janeiro. |
| Mexico | 13,546,500 | 767,316 | City of Mexico. |
| Korea | 10,519,000 | 85,000 | Seoul. |
| Congo State | 8,000,000 | 802,000 | …. |
| Persia | 7,653,600 | 636,000 | Teheran. |
| Portugal and colonies | 11,073,681 | 951,785 | Lisbon. |
| Sweden and Norway | 7,376,321 | 297,321 | …. |
| Belgium | 6,069,321 | 11,373 | Brussels. |
| Argentine Republic | 4,800,000 | 1,095,013 | Buenos Ayres. |
| Chile | 3,110,085 | 256,860 | Santiago. |
| Peru | 3,000,000 | 405,040 | Lima. |
| Switzerland | 3,312,551 | 15,981 | Berne. |
| Greece | 2,433,806 | 24,977 | Athens. |
| Denmark | 2,417,441 | 14,780 | Copenhagen. |
| Venezuela | 2,444,816 | 566,159 | Caracas. |
| Liberia | 2,060,000 | 35,000 | Monrovia. |
| Cuba | 1,600,000 | 44,000 | Havana. |
| Guatemala | 1,574,340 | 46,774 | N. Guatemala. |
| Hayti | 1,211,625 | 9,830 | Port au Prince. |
| Paraguay | 600,000 | 145,000 | Asuncion. |
| Panama | 285,000 | 31,571 | Panama. |
POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES.
| Alabama | 1,828,697 | Montana | 243,329 |
| Alaska | 63,592 | Nebraska | 1,066,300 |
| Arizona | 122,931 | Nevada | 42,335 |
| Arkansas | 1,311,564 | New Hampshire | 411,588 |
| California | 1,485,053 | New Jersey | 1,883,699 |
| Colorado | 539,700 | New Mexico | 195,310 |
| Connecticut | 908,420 | New York | 7,268,894 |
| Dakota | …. | North Carolina | 1,893,810 |
| Delaware | 184,735 | North Dakota | 319,146 |
| District of Columbia | 278,718 | Ohio | 4,157,545 |
| Florida | 528,542 | Oklahoma | 398,331 |
| Georgia | 2,216,331 | Oregon | 413,536 |
| Hawaii | 154,001 | Pennsylvania | 6,302,115 |
| Idaho | 161,772 | Rhode Island | 428,556 |
| Illinois | 4,821,550 | South Carolina | 1,340,310 |
| Indiana | 2,516,462 | South Dakota | 401,570 |
| Indian Territory | 392,060 | Tennessee | 2,020,616 |
| Iowa | 2,231,853 | Texas | 3,048,710 |
| Kansas | 1,470,495 | Utah | 276,749 |
| Kentucky | 2,147,174 | Vermont | 343,641 |
| Louisiana | 1,381,625 | Virginia | 1,854,184 |
| Maine | 694,466 | Washington | 518,103 |
| Maryland | 1,188,044 | West Virginia | 958,800 |
| Massachusetts | 2,805,346 | Wisconsin | 2,069,042 |
| Michigan | 2,420,982 | Wyoming | 92,531 |
| Minnesota | 1,751,394 | ||
| Mississippi | 1,551,270 | Total | 76,303,387 |
| Missouri | 3,106,665 |
Population Continental United States (including Alaska), 76,149,386 (1900); Philippines, 8,000,000; Porto Rico, 953,233; Hawaii, 154,001; Guam, 8,661; American Samoa, 5,800; Total population, 85,271,093. Population, 1904, estimating Continental United States, about 90,000,000.
[1 ] These estimates of the population and area include the recently acquired great possessions in Africa.
[2 ] Census of 1900.
[3 ] Estimated for January 1st, 1904.
CHAPTER XVII.
MECHANICAL MOVEMENTS
In deciding upon the construction of models and the development of an idea, the proper mechanical movements should always be very carefully taken into consideration. In other words, movements which simplify the invention, minimize friction, and add power, are always to be preferred to clumsy and inefficient means or methods. Every inventor, and all students of the mechanical arts and sciences, should arrange any mechanism which they may desire to produce with the least number of parts possible, and embracing the greatest amount of simplicity of action.