"ELLIPSIS is the omission of some word or words which are necessary to complete the construction, but not requisite to complete the sense."—Adam, Gould, and Fisk, cor. "PLEONASM is the insertion of some word or words more than are absolutely necessary either to complete the construction, or to express the sense."—Iid. cor. "HYSTERON-PROTERON is a figure in which that is put in the former part of the sentence, which, according to the sense, should be in the latter."—Adam and Gould cor. "HYSTERON-PROTERON is a rhetorical figure in which that is said last, which was done first."—Webster cor. "A BARBARISM is a foreign or strange word, an expression contrary to the pure idiom of the language."—Adam and Gould cor. "A SOLECISM is an impropriety in respect to syntax, an absurdity or incongruity in speech."—Iid. cor. "An IDIOTISM is a manner of expression peculiar to one language childishly transferred to an other."—Iid. cor. "TAUTOLOGY is a disagreeable repetition, either of the same words, or of the same sense in different words."—Iid. cor. "BOMBAST, or FUSTIAN, is an inflated or ambitious style, in which high-sounding words are used, with little or no meaning, or upon a trifling occasion."—Iid. cor. "AMPHIBOLOGY is ambiguity of construction, phraseology which may be taken in two different senses."—Iid. cor. "IRONY is a figure in which one means the contrary of what is said."—Adam and Gould cor. "PERIPHRASIS, or CIRCUMLOCUTION, is the use of several words, to express what might be said in fewer."—Iid. cor. "HYPERBOLE is a figure in which a thing is magnified above the truth."—Iid. cor. "PERSONIFICATION is a figure which ascribes human life, sentiments, or actions, to inanimate beings, or to abstract qualities."—Iid. cor. "APOSTROPHE is a turning from the tenor of one's discourse, into an animated address to some person, present or absent, living or dead, or to some object personified."—Iid. cor. "A SIMILE is a simple and express comparison; and is generally introduced by LIKE, AS, or so."—G. B., Inst., p. 233; Kirkham cor.; also Adam and Gould. "ANTITHESIS is a placing of things in opposition, to heighten their effect by contrast."—Inst., p. 234; Adam and Gould corrected. "VISION, or IMAGERY, is a figure in which what is present only to the mind, is represented as actually before one's eyes, and present to the senses."—G. B.; Adam cor. "EMPHASIS is a particular stress of voice laid on some word in a sentence."—Gould's Adam's Gram., p. 241. "EPANORTHOSIS, or CORRECTION, is the recalling or correcting by the speaker, of what he last said."—Ibid. "PARALIPSIS, or OMISSION, is the pretending to omit or pass by, what one at the same time declares."—Ibid. "INCREMENTUM, or CLIMAX in sense, is the rising of one member above an other to the highest."—Ibid. "METONYMY is a change of names: as when the cause is mentioned for the effect, or the effect for the cause; the container for the thing contained, or the sign for the thing signified."—Kirkham cor. "The Agreement of words is their similarity in person, number, gender, case, mood, tense, or form."—Brown's Inst., p. 104. "The Government of words is that power which one word has over an other, to cause it to assume some particular modification."—Ib. "Fusion is the converting of some solid substance into a fluid by heat."—G. B. "A proper diphthong is a diphthong in which both the vowels are sounded together; as, oi in voice, ou in house."—Fisher cor. "An improper diphthong is a diphthong in which the sound of but one of the two vowels is heard; as, eo in people."—Id.
UNDER NOTE VII.—THE ADVERB NO FOR NOT.
"An adverb is added to a verb to show how, or when, or where, or whether or not, one is, does, or suffers."—Buchanan cor. "We must be immortal, whether we will or not."—Maturin cor. "He cares not whether the world was made for Cæsar or not."—A. Q. Rev. cor. "I do not know whether they are out or not."—Byron cor. "Whether it can be proved or not, is not the thing."—Bp. Butler cor. "Whether he makes use of the means commanded by God, or not."—Id. "Whether it pleases the world or not, the care is taken."—L'Estrange cor. "How comes this to be never heard of, nor in the least questioned, whether the Law was undoubtedly of Moses's writing or not?"—Tomline cor. "Whether he be a sinner or not, I do not know." Or, as the text is more literally translated by Campbell: "Whether he be a sinner, I know not."—Bible cor. "Can I make men live, whether they will or not?"—Shak. cor.
"Can hearts not free, be tried whether they serve
Willing or not, who will but what they must?"—Milton cor.
UNDER NOTE VIII.—OF DOUBLE NEGATIVES.
"We need not, nor do we, confine the purposes of God." Or: "We need not, and do not, confine," &c.—Bentley cor. "I cannot by any means allow him that."—Id. "We must try whether or not we can increase the attention by the help of the senses."—Brightland cor. "There is nothing more admirable or more useful."—Tooke cor. "And what in time to come he can never be said to have done, he can never be supposed to do."—R. Johnson cor. "No skill could obviate, no remedy dispel, the terrible infection."—Goldsmith cor. "Prudery cannot be an indication either of sense or of taste."—Spurzheim cor. "But neither that scripture, nor any other, speaks of imperfect faith."—Barclay cor. "But neither this scripture, nor any other, proves that faith was or is always accompanied with doubting."—Id. "The light of Christ is not, and cannot be, darkness."—Id. "Doth not the Scripture, which cannot lie, give some of the saints this testimony?"—Id. "Which do not continue, and are not binding."—Id. "It not being perceived directly, any more than the air."—Campbell cor. "Let us be no Stoics, and no stocks, I pray."—Shak. cor. "Where there is no marked or peculiar character in the style."—Dr. Blair cor. "There can be no rules laid down, nor any manner recommended."—Sheridan cor.
"Bates. 'He hath not told his thought to the king?' K. Henry. 'No; and it is not meet he should.'" Or thus: "'No; nor is it meet he should.'"—Shak. cor.
UNDER NOTE IX.—EVER AND NEVER.
"The prayer of Christ is more than sufficient both to strengthen us, be we everso weak; and to overthrow all adversary power, be it everso strong."—Hooker cor. "He is like to have no share in it, or to be never the better for it." Or: "He is not likely to have any share in it, or to be ever the better for it."—Bunyan cor. "In some parts of Chili it seldom or never rains."—Willetts cor. "If Pompey shall but everso little seem to like it."—W. Walker cor. "Though everso great a posse of dogs and hunters pursue him."—Id. "Though you be everso excellent."—Id. "If you do amiss everso little."—Id. "If we cast our eyes everso little down."—Id. "A wise man scorneth nothing, be it everso small or homely."—M. F. Tupper cor. "Because they have seldom if ever an opportunity of learning them at all."—Clarkson cor. "We seldom or never see those forsaken who trust in God."—Atterbury cor.
"Where, playing with him at bo-peep,
He solved all problems, e'erso deep."—S. Butler cor.