All grow on deep, humid soil, rich in vegetable mould, like certain parts of the Chaco and of the 1st and 2nd regions.
Birches.—Valuable trees for the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 9th regions. Do not exceed 30 metres in height on the best soil, but very hardy and reach a metre in diameter. The best species are Betula alba, B. nigra, B. lenta and B. pubescens.
American Walnut Trees.—All give excellent timber, strong and hardier than the European kinds. Could be planted and sown in regions 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. The best species for woods are Carya alba, Nut., and C. amara, from Canada. C. olivæformis and C. porcina from the central states of North America. C. tomentosa, Nutt., is popularly known in North America as Hickory.
Tall trees, generally very leafy, and suitable for stock in mixed woods and for special wood planting, together with European and Asiatic species, cultivated like the common walnut, J. regia.
Cedars.—All cedars give very fine wood known as cedar-wood, whence the confusion with real cedar belonging to the conifera family.
The Red Cedar of Australia, Cedrela australis, Muell., grows to 60 metres in height. May be planted in the 1st and 2nd regions together with the one we have, C. brasiliensis. C. sinensis, A. Juss, seems more suitable for the 3rd and 5th regions.
Chamæyparis.—This resinous tree gives excellent timber in the United States, where it grows to a height of 25 to 30 metres by 0·60 metre in diameter. The species C. Lawsoniana and C. Nutkænsis, from North America, as well as C. obtusa, Endl., from Japan, appear to be suitable for dense woods in regions 4, 5 and 6.
Dacrydium.—Indigenous to Tasmania and New Zealand. The forest species furnish good carpentry timber. From some descriptions of Chilian conifers it would seem that some of these are very like Dacrydium.
The most interesting species are D. cupressinum, Soland, D. Franklinii and D. Kirkii, F. v. M.