V. Median per cent of all reactions.
W. Average per cent of all reactions.
X. Average per cent of individual reactions.

32 cases of manic-depressive insanity.

Y. Median per cent of all reactions.
Z. Average per cent of all reactions.
AA. Average per cent of individual reactions.

While almost every type of individual reactions shows here an increase over the normal averages, the most striking increases are shown by the table to be in the groups of unclassified reactions, neologisms, sound reactions, and some types of perseveration. A further examination of the individual test records shows that there is no uniformity of associational tendencies in this clinical group, but that several tendencies are more or less frequently met with either alone or in various combinations. Yet some of these tendencies, when appearing at all prominently, are so highly characteristic of dementia præcox as to be almost pathognomonic. Among these may be mentioned: (1) the tendency to give neologisms, particularly those of the senseless type; (2) the tendency to give unclassified reactions largely of the incoherent type; and (3) the tendency toward stereotypy manifested chiefly by abnormally frequent repetitions of the same reaction. Fairly characteristic also is the occasional tendency to give sound reactions. Again, occasionally one encounters pronounced perseveration, and at least two of our subjects gave a good many unclassified reactions obviously due to distraction.

It must be noted that not infrequently cases of dementia præcox give test records that cannot be distinguished from normal. It seems that the pathological associational tendencies constitute merely a special group of symptoms, some of which may be expected to be manifest in cases which have reached a state of advanced mental deterioration, but may not necessarily be present in the early stages of the disease. On the other hand there is evidence to show that these tendencies may in some cases appear among the earliest manifestations. This matter will be referred to again.

Thus the test records of dementia præcox depart from the normal not sharply but by a gradual shading off. We find similar gradual transitions between dementia præcox and other psychoses. For this work we selected cases in which the diagnoses were established with reasonable certainty. Whether or not in cases of doubtful clinical classification this association test may be of aid in determining the diagnosis, is a question that must for the present remain open.

We submit herewith copies of test records. The numbers which appear after the reactions indicate in each case the reaction type, in accordance with Table III. (p. 27); common specific reactions are not numbered.

CASE No. 4752.—H.J. Neologisms; some unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent.

Table—meadow………19
Dark—black………..
Music—sweet……….
Sickness—dead…….. 2
Man—manion……….. 3
Deep—near…………19
Soft—sooner……….19
Eating—formble……. 4
Mountain—gair…….. 4
House—temble……… 4
Black—benched…….. 4
Mutton—ranched……. 4
Comfort—bumble……. 4
Hand—semble………. 4
Short—simber……… 4
Fruit—narrow………13
Butterfly—Ben……..19
Smooth—gum………..19
Command—bramble……19
Chair—low…………
Sweet—temper………19
Whistle—bensid……. 4
Woman—hummery…….. 4
Cold—gunst……….. 4
Slow—bemper………. 4
Wish—tip………….19
River—gumper……… 4
White—Andes……….19
Beautiful—giinper…. 4
Window—hummer…….. 4
Rough—geep……….. 4
Citizen—humper……. 4
Foot—zuper……….. 4
Spider—gumper…….. 4
Needle—himper…….. 4
Red—gumper……….. 4
Sleep—moop……….. 4
Anger—rumble………19
Carpet—slamper……. 4
Girl—Mnker……….. 4
High—bumper………. 4
Working—gumpip……. 4
Sour—imper……….. 4
Earth—gumper……… 4
Trouble—humper……. 4
Soldier—guipper…… 4
Cabbage—phar……… 4
Hard—her………….12
Eagle—damnornott….. 4
Stomach—dumper……. 4
Stem—gumper………. 4
Lamp—huntenit…….. 4
Dream—hungnot…….. 4
Yellow—bampir…….. 4
Bread—gumper……… 4
Justice—sidnerber…. 4
Boy—eeper………… 4
Light—huntznit……. 4
Health—geeper…….. 4
Bible—himpier…….. 4
Memory—hummer……..19
Sheep—hunner……… 4
Bath—bemnitper……. 4
Cottage—gumper……. 4
Swift—dumper……… 4
Blue—dipper……….19
Hungry—hummer…….. 3
Priest—rump……….19
Ocean—himmer……… 4
Head—hiniper……… 4
Stove—gamper……… 4
Long—humble……….19
Religion—gumper…… 4
Whiskey—numper……. 4
Child—himmer……… 4
Bitter—gehimper…… 3
Hammer—gueep……… 4
Thirsty—humper……. 4
City—deeper……….19
Square—bummer…….. 4
Butter—bimper…….. 3
Doctor—harner…….. 4
Loud—harner………. 4
Thief—himmer……… 4
Lion—humor………..19
Joy—gumpier………. 4
Bed—hoomer……….. 4
Heavy—doomer……… 4
Tobacco—per……….12
Baby—hoomer………. 4
Moon—gumper………. 4
Scissors—gumper…… 4
Quiet—humper……… 4
Green—gueet………. 3
Salt—rummer………. 4
Street—numper…….. 4
King—himper………. 4
Cheese—guinter……. 4
Blossom—yunger……. 4
Afraid—yunger…….. 4

CASE No. 5183.—G. D. Neologisms; numerous unclassified reactions, mostly incoherent; some sound neologisms.