CONSECUTIVE No. 809.—Lawyer. 28 individual reactions, of which 14 are classed as normal; 10 are unclassified, most of which are also obviously normal.

Table—chair………….
Dark—candle………… 17
Music—girl…………..
Sickness—doctor………
Man—woman…………… 1
Deep—swimming………..19
Soft—hand……………
Eating—Reisenweber……17
Mountain—Kipling……..19
House—mortgage……….17
Black—spectrum……….19
Mutton—pig…………..
Comfort—chair………..
Hand—ring……………
Short—tall…………..
Fruit—banana…………
Butterfly—color………
Smooth—sphere………..17
Command—soldier………
Chair—teacher………..10
Sweet—apple………….
Whistle—policeman…….
Woman—hat……………
Cold—thermometer……..19
Slow—invalid…………
Wish—million…………
River—Hudson…………
White—Broadway……….19
Beautiful—girl……….
Window—school………..
Rough—ball…………..19
Citizen—justice………
Foot—shoe……………
Spider—insect………..
Needle—tailor………..17
Red—flannel………….
Sleep—potassium bromide.17
Anger—teacher………..
Carpet—tack………….
Girl—belt……………17
High—pole……………
Working—laborer………
Sour—apple…………..
Earth—Columbus……….
Trouble—lawyer……….19
Soldier—gun………….
Cabbage—plantation…… 2
Hard—brick…………..
Eagle—feathers……….
Stomach—juice………..17
Stem—leaf……………
Lamp—light…………..
Dream—pillow…………17
Yellow—lemon…………
Bread—crust………….
Justice—judge………..
Boy—pants……………
Light—gas……………
Health—medicine………
Bible—Jacob………….17
Memory—brain…………
Sheep—wool…………..
Bath—soap……………
Cottage—rod………….19
Swift—ball…………..
Blue—sky…………….
Hungry—I…………….
Priest—surplice………
Ocean—ship…………..
Head—hair……………
Stove—shovel…………17
Long—pole……………
Religion—Abraham……..19
Whiskey—Kentucky……..17
Child—baby…………..
Bitter—pepper………..
Hammer—nail………….
Thirsty—lemonade……..
City—Manhattan……….17
Square—Washington…….
Butter—salt………….
Doctor—nurse…………
Loud—hammer………….
Thief—jewelry………..
Lion—Androcles……….18
Joy—automobile……….
Bed—shoes……………15
Heavy—Flannigan………19
Tobacco—pipe…………
Baby—wife……………
Moon—man……………. 1
Scissors—cut…………
Quiet—demure…………
Green—eyes…………..
Salt—cellar………….
Street—Wall………….17
King—Edward………….
Cheese—Roquefort……..
Blossom—field………..
Afraid—burglar……….

§ 9. NUMBER OF DIFFERENT WORDS GIVEN AS REACTIONS.

It has been suggested by Fuhrmann [1] that the number of different words given in response to one hundred selected stimulus words may be used as "a fairly reliable measure of the intelligence and degree of education of a patient." The test according to Fuhrmann is applied twice in every case, the interval between the two sittings being at least four weeks. "In very intelligent and well educated persons every 100 stimulus words almost always evokes in the first test 95-100 different associations; in the less intelligent and in the feeble-minded the same associations are more frequently repeated. In the second test with the same stimulus words—which is really much more important than the first, since even persons or inferior intelligence may reach higher numbers in the first test—the difference in the wealth of the stock of representations becomes plainly evident: the man of intelligence will not need to draw on the associations which he gave in the first test, but will produce new ones; the feeble-minded subject will, on the contrary, repeat to a greater or lesser extent the associations of the first test." "In general the associational capacity of an adult person may be taken to be from 80 per cent to 90 per cent. Should the number sink below 70 per cent the suspicion of a pathological condition must then arise; and the higher the subject's degree of education the stronger is this suspicion. In the case of an associational capacity of 60 per cent or less no doubt of its pathological significance can remain any longer."

[Footnote 1: Diagnostik und Prognostik der Geisteskrankheiten, p. 93. Leipzig, 1903.]

Our results are not strictly comparable with Fuhrmann's, because we have obtained but one test record from each subject; it may be said, however, that the results of a single test in each case do not show any considerable differences, corresponding to education or age, in the variety of responses. Further, dementing psychoses, with the exception of epilepsy, show on the whole no diminution in the number of different reactions, although in individual cases this number falls considerably below the general average; and in such cases the diminution may be dependent upon stereotypy or perseveration, and not necessarily upon reduction in the stock of representations.

It would appear from our results that pathological mental states are apt to manifest themselves by a tendency to give reactions belonging to types of inferior values rather than by diminished variety of responses.

We show in Table VI. the numbers of different responses given by our groups of normal and insane subjects, expressed in figures giving for each group the median and the average.

TABLE VI.

Med. Av. 86 normal subjects, common school education; records containing not over 10 individual reactions…….. 85 84.5 66 normal subjects, collegiate education; records containing not over 10 individual reactions…….. 87 86.5 48 normal subjects, school children; records containing not over 10 individual reactions…….. 87 84.9 53 normal subjects; records containing not under 15 individual reactions…………………………. 90 88.7 108 cases of dementia præcox……………………….. 87 84.8 33 cases of paranoic conditions……………………. 89 86.5 24 cases of epilepsy……………………………… 781/2 75.8 32 cases of general paresis……………………….. 841/2 82.4 32 cases of manic-depressive insanity………………. 87 85.4