The Invention of the Sewing Machine

by Grace Rogers Cooper

In the Sewing Machine News, vol. 3, no. 5, p. 12 (1881), there were listed a number of then “defunct” machines and companies. Among these are many well-known names and little-known names for which at least one additional reference can be found. There are some, however, for which this is the only reference to date. These are: Blanchard, Babcock, Banner, Brown Rotary, Cottage, Cole, Duplex, Economist, Erie, Gutman, Hill, Hancock & Bennett, Jenks, Lockmar, La Favorite, Learned, Leggett, McCoy, McCardy, Medallion, McArthur & Co., Monopoly, Moreau, Mack, Niagra, New Cannaan, Orphean, Pride-of-the-West, Seamen & Guiness, Surprise, Stackpole, Shanks, Stanford, Troy, Utica, United States Family, Weaver, Wagner, and Williams. Some of these names may have been a “special” name given to machines manufactured by one of the known companies, but at least a few are names of machines manufactured for a very short time prior to 1881 about which we would like to know more.

III. Chronological List of U.S. Sewing-Machine Patent Models in the Smithsonian Collections

There are more than seven hundred sewing-machine patent models and a similar number of attachment models in the Smithsonian collections. Most of these machines were received in 1926 when the Patent Office disposed of its collection of hundreds of thousands of models. Prior to 1880, models had been required with the patent application; although the requirement was discontinued that year, patentees continued to furnish models for another decade or so. All models prior to 1836 were lost in a Patent Office fire of that year, but since the sewing-machine patent history dates from the 1840s, most of the historically important ones of this subject have been preserved.

These models form a valuable part of the record of the invention, supplementing the drawings and the text of the written specifications. The early sewing-machine models were made to order, either by the inventor or a commissioned model maker. As soon as sewing machines were produced commercially, it was less expensive for the patentee to use a commercial machine of the period, to which he added his change or improvement, than to have a complete model constructed to order. Some of the commercial machines used in this way are the only examples known to be in existence, and as such, are of more interest in establishing the history of the manufactured machine than for the minor patented changes.

During the period of the “Sewing Machine Combination,” many patentees attempted to invent and patent “the different machine.” This was either a radical change in style or an attempt to produce a far less-expensive type of machine. These machines were not always put into commercial production, but the patent models give an indication of the extent to which some inventors went to simplify or vary the mechanics of machine sewing.

The following is a list of those sewing-machine patent models in the Smithsonian Institution collections:

Patentee	Date	Patent Number
Greenough, John J.	Feb. 21, 1842	2,466
Bean, Benjamin W.	March 4, 1843	2,982
Corliss, George H.	Dec. 27, 1843	3,389
Howe, Elias, Jr.	Sept. 10, 1846	4,750
Bachelder, John	May 8, 1849	6,439
Wilson, Allen B.	Nov. 12, 1850	7,776
Robinson, Frederick R.	Dec. 10, 1850	7,824
Grover & Baker	Feb. 11, 1851	7,931
Singer, Isaac M.	Aug. 12, 1851	8,294
Wilson, Allen B.	Aug. 12, 1851	8,296
Wilson, Allen B.	June 15, 1852	9,041
Miller, Charles	July 20, 1852	9,139
Avery, Otis	Oct. 19, 1852	9,338
Hodgkins, G.	Nov. 2, 1852	9,365
Bradeen, J. G.	Nov. 2, 1852	9,380
Bates, W. G.	Feb. 22, 1853	9,592
Thompson, T. C.	March 29, 1853	9,641
Wickersham, W.	April 19, 1853	9,679
Johnson, W. H.	March 7, 1854	10,597
Harrison, J., Jr.	April 11, 1854	10,763
Avery, Otis	May 9, 1854	10,880
Singer, Isaac	May 30, 1854	10,975
Hunt, Walter	June 27, 1854	11,161
Roper, S. H.	Aug. 15, 1854	11,531
Shaw, P.	Sept. 12, 1854	11,680
Ambler, D. C.	Nov. 1, 1854	11,884
Robertson, T. J. W.	Nov. 28, 1854	12,015
Lyon, W.	Dec. 12, 1854	12,066
Stedman, G. W.	Dec. 12, 1854	12,074
Ward, D. T.	Jan. 2, 1855	12,146
Conant, J. S.	Jan. 16, 1855	12,233
Smith, H. B.	Jan. 16, 1855	12,247
Singer, I. M.	Feb. 6, 1855	12,364
Stedman, G. W.	March 20, 1855	12,573
Stedman, G. W.	May 1, 1855	12,798
Chilcott, J., and Scrimgeour, J.	March 15, 1855	12,856
Durgin, Charles A.	May 22, 1855	12,902
Bond, J., Jr.	May 22, 1855	12,939
Singer, Isaac	June 12, 1855	13,065
Harrison, J., Jr.	Oct. 2, 1855	13,616
Singer, I. M.	Oct. 9, 1855	13,661
Singer, I. M.	Oct. 9, 1855	13,662
Langdon, L. W.	Oct. 30, 1855	13,727
Stedman, G. W.	Nov. 27, 1855	13,856
Swingle, A.	Feb. 5, 1856	14,207
Watson, Wm. C.	March 11, 1856	14,433
Singer, I. M.	March 18, 1856	14,475
Grover, W. O.	May 27, 1856	14,956
Blodgett, S. C.	Aug. 5, 1856	15,469
Roper, S. H.	Nov. 4, 1856	16,026
Singer, Isaac M.	Nov. 4, 1856	16,030
Gibbs, James E. A.	Dec. 16, 1856	16,234
Jennings, L.	Dec. 16, 1856	16,237
Johnson, A. F.	Jan. 13, 1857	16,387
Gibbs, J. E. A.	Jan. 20, 1857	16,434
Howe, Elias, Jr.	Jan. 20, 1857	16,436
Alexander, Elisa	Feb. 3, 1857	16,518
Gray, Joshua	Feb. 3, 1857	16,566
Belcher, C. D.	March 3, 1857	16,710
Pratt, S. F.	March 3, 1857	16,745
Nettleton & Raymond	April 14, 1857	17,049
Gibbs, J. E. A.	June 2, 1857	17,427
Harris, Daniel	June 9, 1857	17,508
Harris, Daniel	June 16, 1857	17,571
Sage, William	June 30, 1857	17,717
Lathbury, E. T.	July 7, 1857	17,744
Wickersham, W.	Aug. 25, 1857	18,068
Wickersham, W.	Aug. 25, 1857	18,069
Behn, Henry	Aug. 25, 1857	18,071
Nettleton, Wm. H., and Raymond, Charles	Oct. 6, 1857	18,350
Roper, S. H.	Oct. 27, 1857	18,522
Fetter, George	Dec. 1, 1857	18,793
Watson, W. C.	Dec. 8, 1857	18,834
Behn, H.	Dec. 15, 1857	18,880
Hubbard, George W.	Dec. 22, 1857	18,904
Lazelle, W. H.	Dec. 22, 1857	18,915
Clark, David W.	Jan. 5, 1858	19,015
Fetter, George	Jan. 5, 1858	19,059
Clark, David W.	Jan. 12, 1858	19,072
Clark, David W.	Jan. 19, 1858	19,129
Dimmock, Martial, and Rixford, Nathan	Jan. 19, 1858	19,135
Boyd, A. H.	Jan. 19, 1858	19,171
Angell, Benjamin J.	Feb. 9, 1858	19,285
Clark, David W.	Feb. 23, 1858	19,409
Raymond, Charles	March 9, 1858	19,612
Hendrick, Joseph E.	March 16, 1858	19,660
Parker, Sidney	March 16, 1858	19,662
Gray, Joshua	March 16, 1858	19,665
Coates, F. S.	March 23, 1858	19,684
Clark, David W.	March 23, 1858	19,732
Reynolds, O. S.	March 30, 1858	19,793
Bartholf, Abraham	April 6, 1858	19,823
Savage, E.	April 6, 1858	19,876
Atwood, J. E., J. C., and O.	April 13, 1858	19,903
Bosworth, Chas. F.	April 20, 1858	19,979
Clark, David W.	June 8, 1858	20,481
Herron, A. C.	June 15, 1858	20,557
Johnson, A. F.	June 22, 1858	20,686
Barnes, W. T.	June 29, 1858	20,688
Smith, E. H.	June 29, 1858	20,739
West, H. B., and Willson, H. F.	June 29, 1858	20,753
Miller, W.	June 29, 1858	20,763
Blake, Lyman R.	July 6, 1858	20,775
Carpenter, Lunan	July 27, 1858	20,990
Moore, Charles	July 27, 1858	21,015
Smith, E. H.	Aug. 3, 1858	21,089
Wheeler and Carpenter	Aug. 3, 1858	21,100
Gibbs, J. E. A.	Aug. 10, 1858	21,129
Uhlinger, W. P.	Aug. 17, 1858	21,224
Clark, David W.	Aug. 31, 1858	21,322
Blodgett, S. C.	Sept. 7, 1858	21,465
Hubbard, G. W.	Sept. 14, 1858	21,537
Hendrick, J. E.	Oct. 5, 1858	21,722
Gibbs, J. E. A.	Oct. 12, 1858	21,751
Sangster, Amos. W.	Oct. 26, 1858	21,929
Avery, O. and Z. W.	Nov. 9, 1858	22,007
Spencer and Lamb	Nov. 23, 1858	22,137
Perry, James	Nov. 23, 1858	22,148
Burnet and Broderick	Nov. 30, 1858	22,160
Hook, Albert H.	Nov. 30, 1858	22,179
Raymond, Charles	Nov. 30, 1858	22,220
Bishop, H. H.	Dec. 7, 1858	22,226
Pratt, S. F.	Dec. 7, 1858	22,240
Atwood, J. E.	Dec. 14, 1858	22,273
Fosket, W. A., and Savage, Elliot	Jan. 25, 1859	22,719
Snyder, W.	Feb. 15, 1859	22,987
Clark, D. W.	May 3, 1859	23,823
Boyd, A. H.	May 17, 1859	24,003
Gray, Joshua	May 17, 1859	24,022
Hook, Albert H.	May 17, 1859	24,027
Spencer, James C.	May 17, 1859	24,061
Carhart, Peter S.	May 24, 1859	24,098
McCurdy, J. S.	June 14, 1859	24,395
Goodwyn, H. H.	June 21, 1859	24,455
Grout, William	July 5, 1859	24,629
Hensel, George	July 12, 1859	24,737
Parker, Sidney	July 12, 1859	24,780
Hall, William	July 26, 1859	24,870
Hayden, H. W.	Aug. 2, 1859	24,937
Kelsey, D.	Aug. 2, 1859	24,939
Emswiler, J. B.	Aug. 9, 1859	25,002
Farr, C. N.	Aug. 9, 1859	25,004
Harrison, James, Jr.	Aug. 9, 1859	25,013
Tapley, G. S.	Aug. 9, 1859	25,059
Barnes, W. T.	Aug. 16, 1859	25,084
Booth, Ezekial	Aug. 16, 1859	25,087
Hinkley, J.	Aug. 23, 1859	25,231
Harrison, James, Jr.	Aug. 30, 1859	25,262
Buell, J. S.	Sept. 13, 1859	25,381
Vogel, Kasimir	Oct. 4, 1859	25,692
Woodward, F. G.	Oct. 11, 1859	25,782
Barrett, O. D.	Oct. 11, 1859	25,785
Barnes, William T.	Oct. 25, 1859	25,876
Sawyer, Irwin, and Alsop, T.	Oct. 25, 1859	25,918
Budlong, William G.	Nov. 1, 1859	25,946
Fosket, William A., and Savage, E.	Nov. 1, 1859	25,963
Hicks, W. C.	Nov. 8, 1859	26,035
Scofield, C.	Nov. 8, 1859	26,059
Pearson, William	Nov. 22, 1859	26,201
McCurdy, James S.	Nov. 22, 1859	26,234
Clark, Edwin	Dec. 6, 1859	26,336
Dickinson, C. W.	Dec. 6, 1859	26,346
Miller, Charles	Dec. 13, 1859	26,462
Rowe, Jas.	Dec. 27, 1859	26,638
Johnson, A. F.	Jan. 24, 1860	26,948
Thomson, J.	Feb. 7, 1860	27,082
Juengst, George	Feb. 14, 1860	27,132
Davis, Job A.	Feb. 21, 1860	27,208
Gibbs, James E. A.	Feb. 21, 1860	27,214
Rowe, James	Feb. 21, 1860	27,260
Dopp, H. W.	Feb. 28, 1860	27,279
Paine, A. R.	March 6, 1860	27,412
Smalley, J.	March 20, 1860	27,577
Newlove, T.	April 3, 1860	27,761
McCurdy, J. S.	May 1, 1860	28,097
Arnold, G. B.	May 8, 1860	28,139
Bean, E. E.	May 8, 1860	28,144
Holly, Birdsill	May 8, 1860	28,176
Chamberlain, J. N.	May 29, 1860	28,452
Ruddick, H.	May 29, 1860	28,538
Scofield, Chas., and Rice, Clarke	June 5, 1860	28,610
Smith, Wilson H.	June 19, 1860	28,785
Rose, I. M.	June 19, 1860	28,814
Gibbs, J. E. A.	June 26, 1860	28,851
McCurdy, J. S.	July 3, 1860	28,993
Mueller, H.	July 3, 1860	28,996
Sutton, Wm. A.	July 17, 1860	29,202
Hicks, W. C.	July 24, 1860	29,268
Tracy, D.	Sept. 11, 1860	30,012
Washburn, T. S.	Sept. 11, 1860	30,031
Arnold, G. B., and A.	Sept. 25, 1860	30,112
Leavitt, Rufus	Nov. 13, 1860	30,634
Payne, R. S.	Nov. 13, 1860	30,641
Heyer, Frederick	Nov. 27, 1860	30,731
Hardie, J. W.	Dec. 4, 1860	30,854
Earle, T.	Jan. 22, 1861	31,156
Bruen, J. T.	Jan. 22, 1861	31,208
Smith, J. M.	Feb. 5, 1861	31,334
Smith, L. H.	Feb. 12, 1861	31,411
Rice, Quartus	Feb. 12, 1861	31,429
Rose, I. M.	March 5, 1861	31,628
Ross, Noble G.	March 26, 1861	31,829
Boyd, A. H.	April 2, 1861	31,864
Mallary, G. H.	April 2, 1861	31,897
Shaw, H. L.	April 9, 1861	32,007
Burr, Theodore	April 9, 1861	32,023
Jones, William, and Haughian, P.	May 14, 1861	32,297
Wilder, M. G.	May 14, 1861	32,323
Smith, Lewis H.	May 21, 1861	32,385
Stoakes, J. W.	May 28, 1861	32,456
Fuller, William M.	June 4, 1861	32,496
Norton, B. F.	July 9, 1861	32,782
Raymond, C.	July 9, 1861	32,785
Raymond, Charles	July 30, 1861	32,925
Case, G. F.	Aug. 13, 1861	33,029
Hodgkins, C.	Aug. 20, 1861	33,085
Marble, F. E.	Oct. 8, 1861	33,439
Mann, Charles	Oct. 22, 1861	33,556
Grover, W. O.	Nov. 26, 1861	33,778
Hendrickson, E. M.	Feb. 4, 1862	34,330
Derocquigny, A. C. F., Gance, D., and Hanzo, L.	March 25, 1862	34,748
Thompson, R.	April 8, 1862	34,926
Smith, John C.	April 15, 1862	34,988
Palmer, Aaron	May 13, 1862	35,252
Hall, W. S.	Aug. 5, 1862	36,084
McCurdy, James S.	Aug. 19, 1862	36,256
Grover, W. O.	Sept. 9, 1862	36,405
Wilkins, J. N.	Sept. 30, 1862	36,591
Humphrey, D. W. G.	Oct. 7, 1862	36,617
House, H. A., and J. A.	Nov. 11, 1862	36,932
Crossby, C. O., and Kellogg, H.	Dec. 2, 1862	37,033
Shaw, A. B.	Dec. 16, 1862	37,202
Pipo, John A.	Jan. 27, 1863	37,550
Hollowell, J. G.	Feb. 10, 1863	37,624
Howe, A. B.	March 17, 1863	37,913
Weitling, W.	March 17, 1863	37,931
Shaw & Clark	April 21, 1863	38,246
Baldwin, Cyrus W.	April 28, 1863	38,276
Grote, F. W.	May 5, 1863	38,447
Palmer, C. H.	May 5, 1863	38,450
Mack, W. A.	May 19, 1863	38,592
Bosworth, C. F.	June 9, 1863	38,807
McCurdy, J. S.	June 16, 1863	38,931
Langdon, Leander W.	July 14, 1863	39,256
House, J. A., and H.A. (4 patents on 1 machine)	Aug. 4, 1863	39,442-39,445
Tracy and Hobbs	Sept. 15, 1863	40,000
Wagener, Jeptha A.	Oct. 13, 1863	40,296
Rehfuss, G.	Oct. 13, 1863	40,311
Lathrop, Lebbeus W., and de Sanno, Wm. P.	Oct. 27, 1863	40,446
Heyer, W. D.	Nov. 17, 1863	40,622
Simmons, A. G., and Scofield, C.	March 1, 1864	41,790
Guinness, W. S.	March 15, 1864	41,916
Willcox, Charles H. (4 patents on 1 machine)	March 22, 1864	42,036
	Aug. 9, 1864	43,819
	Sept. 27, 1864	44,490
	Sept. 27, 1864	44,491
Sibley, J. J.	March 29, 1864	42,117
Thompson, R.	April 19, 1864	42,449
McKay & Blake	May 24, 1864	42,916
Chittenden, H. H.	June 28, 1864	43,289
Hall, Luther	July 5, 1864	43,404
Planer, Louis	Aug. 23, 1864	43,927
Atwater, B.	Sept. 6, 1864	44,063
Dale, John D.	Oct. 11, 1864	44,686
Gritzner, M. C.	Oct. 18, 1864	44,720
Smith, DeWitt C.	Dec. 20, 1864	45,528
Weitling, W.	Jan. 3, 1865	45,777
Cadwell, C.	Jan. 24, 1865	45,972
Bartlett, J. W.	Jan. 31, 1865	46,064
McCurdy, James S.	Feb. 7, 1865	46,303
Lamb, Thomas, and Allen, John	Aug. 15, 1865	49,421
Humphrey, D. W. G.	Aug. 29, 1865	49,627
Tarbox, John N.	Sept. 5, 1865	49,803
Crosby, C. O.	Oct. 3, 1865	50,225
Cajar, E.	Oct. 3, 1865	50,299
Hart, William	Oct. 17, 1865	50,469
Hecht, A.	Oct. 17, 1865	50,473
Emerson, John	Nov. 14, 1865	50,989
Keats, John, and Clark, Wm. S.	Nov. 14, 1865	50,995
Rehfuss, George	Nov. 21, 1865	51,086
Eickemeyer, Rudolf	Feb. 20, 1866	52,698
Hanlon, John	Feb. 27, 1866	52,847
McCurdy, J. S.	April 3, 1866	53,743
Bartram, W. B.	May 15, 1866	54,670
Bartram, W. B.	May 15, 1866	54,671
Goodspeed, G. N.	May 15, 1866	54,816
Hayes, J.	May 22, 1866	55,029
McCloskey, John	June 19, 1866	55,688
House, J. A. and H. A.	June 26, 1866	55,865
Tucker, Joseph C.	July 24, 1866	56,641
Warth, Albin	July 24, 1866	56,646
Destouy, A.	July 31, 1866	56,729
Schwalback, M.	July 31, 1866	56,805
Cately, William H.	Aug. 7, 1866	56,902
Piper, D. B.	Aug. 7, 1866	56,990
Leyden, Austin	Aug. 14, 1866	57,157
Clements, James M.	Aug. 21, 1866	57,451
Davis, Job A.	Oct. 9, 1866	58,614
Rodier, Peter	Nov. 13, 1866	59,659
Duchemin, Wm.	Nov. 13, 1866	59,715
Kilbourn, E. E.	Nov. 20, 1866	59,746
Reed, T. K.	Dec. 4, 1866	60,241
Singer, I. M.	Dec. 11, 1866	60,433
Bartram, W. B.	Jan. 1, 1867	60,669
Rehfuss, G.	Jan. 8, 1867	61,102
Singer, Isaac	Jan. 15, 1867	61,270
Cajar, Emil	Feb. 5, 1867	61,711
Craige, E. H.	Feb. 19, 1867	62,186
Reed, T. K.	Feb. 19, 1867	62,287
Bartram, W. B.	March 5, 1867	62,520
Fuller, H. W.	March 19, 1867	63,033
Stannard, M.	April 23, 1867	64,184
Craige, E. H.	Aug. 13, 1867	67,635
Doll, Arnold	Sept. 3, 1867	68,420
Bruen, L. B.	Sept. 17, 1867	68,839
Hodgkins, C.	Oct. 8, 1867	69,666
Baker, G. W.	Oct. 29, 1867	70,152
Cadwell, Caleb	Nov. 19, 1867	71,131
Fanning, J.	Dec. 31, 1867	72,829
Warth, Albin	Jan. 7, 1868	73,064
Rehfuss, George	Jan. 7, 1868	73,119
Cornely, E.	Jan. 28, 1868	73,696
Blake, L. R.	Feb. 11, 1868	74,289
Fales, J. F.	Feb. 11, 1868	74,328
Jencks, G. L.	Feb. 18, 1868	74,694
Clark, Edwin E.	Feb. 25, 1868	74,751
Halbert, A. W.	March 31, 1868	76,076
Gritzner, M. C.	April 7, 1868	76,323
Bartlett, Joseph W.	April 7, 1868	76,385
Waterbury, Enos	June 16, 1868	79,037
Cole, W. H.	June 30, 1868	79,447
Lamson, Henry P.	July 7, 1868	79,579
French, S.	July 28, 1868	80,345
Stein, M. J.	Sept. 8, 1868	81,956
Hancock, H. J.	Oct. 27, 1868	83,492
Bartram, W. B.	Nov. 3, 1868	83,592
Benedict, C. P.	Nov. 3, 1868	83,596
Bonnaz, A.	Nov. 10, 1868	83,909
Bonnaz, A.	Nov. 10, 1868	83,910
Elliott, F.	Jan. 19, 1869	85,918
Canfield, F. P.	Jan. 19, 1869	86,057
Arnold B.	Jan. 26, 1869	86,121
Jones, John	Jan. 26, 1869	86,163
Russell, W. W.	Feb. 9, 1869	86,695
Eldridge, G. W.	March 2, 1869	87,331
House, J. A. and H. A.	March 2, 1869	87,338
Gird, E. D.	March 9, 1869	87,559
Carpenter, William	March 9, 1869	87,633
Dunbar, C. F.	March 30, 1869	88,282
McLean, J. N.	March 30, 1869	88,499
Billings, C. E.	April 6, 1869	88,603
Winter, Wm.	April 13, 1869	88,936
Tittman, A.	April 20, 1869	89,093
Swartwout, H. L.	April 27, 1869	89,357
Lyons, Lucius	April 27, 1869	89,489
Crosby, C. O.	May 25, 1869	90,507
Gutmann, J.	May 25, 1869	90,528
Duchemin, William	June 8, 1869	91,101
Adams, John Q.	July 6, 1869	92,138
Bond, Joseph, Jr.	Aug. 10, 1869	93,588
Hoffman, Geo. W.	Aug. 24, 1869	94,112
Brown, John H.	Aug. 31, 1869	94,389
Heery, Luke	Sept. 14, 1869	94,740
Gray, Joshua	Oct. 5, 1869	95,581
Smith, E. H.	Oct. 26, 1869	96,160
Page, Chas.	Nov. 2, 1869	96,343
Lyon, Lucius	Nov. 9, 1869	96,713
Clever, P. J.	Nov. 16, 1869	96,886
Mills, Daniel	Nov. 16, 1869	96,944
Woodruff, Geo. B., and Browning, Geo.	Nov. 16, 1869	97,014
Keith, Jeremiah	Dec. 7, 1869	97,518
Hurtu, Auguste J., and Hautin, Victor J.	Dec. 21, 1869	98,064
Lamb, Thomas	Dec. 28, 1869	98,390
Rudolph, B.	Feb. 1, 1870	99,481
Porter, Alonzo	Feb. 8, 1870	99,704
Smith, W. T.	Feb. 8, 1870	99,743
Meyers, N.	Feb. 15, 1870	99,783
Grover, W. O.	Feb. 22, 1870	100,139
Spoehr, F.	April 12, 1870	101,779
Kendall, George F.	April 12, 1870	101,887
Cooney, W.	April 26, 1870	102,226
Brown, F. H.	April 26, 1870	102,366
Howard E., and Jackson, W. H.	May 31, 1870	103,745
Bartram, W. B.	June 14, 1870	104,247
Henriksen, H. P.	June 21, 1870	104,590
Martine, Charles F.	June 21, 1870	104,612
Nasch, Isidor	June 21, 1870	104,630
Hall, L.	July 12, 1870	105,329
Lyon, Lucius	July 26, 1870	105,820
Bennor, Joseph	Aug. 9, 1870	106,249
Barnes, M. M.	Aug. 16, 1870	106,307
Leslie, Arthur M.	Oct. 18, 1870	108,492
Rayer, William A., and Lincoln, Wm. S.	Nov. 1, 1870	108,827
Landfear, Wm. R.	Nov. 22, 1870	109,427
Parham, Charles	Nov. 22, 1870	109,443
Lamb, I. W.	Nov. 29, 1870	109,632
Moreau, Eugene	Jan. 3, 1871	110,669
Robinson, Charles E.	Jan. 3, 1871	110,790
Goodyear, Charles, Jr.	Jan. 24, 1871	111,197
Stevens, G., and Hendy, J.	Jan. 31, 1871	111,488
Carpenter, Mary P.	Feb. 21, 1871	112,016
Hancock, Henry J.	Feb. 21, 1871	112,033
Sidenberg, W.	March 14, 1871	112,745
Chase, M.	April 11, 1871	113,498
Stein, M. J.	April 11, 1871	113,593
Tate, Wm. J.	April 11, 1871	113,704
House, J. A. and H. A.	May 2, 1871	114,294
Sidenberg, W.	May 23, 1871	115,117
Beuttels, Charles	May 23, 1871	115,155
Thompson, G.	May 23, 1871	115,255
Willcox and Carleton (3 patents on 1 machine)	June 27, 1871	116,521
		116,522
		116,523
Willcox and Carleton	July 4, 1871	116,783
Goodyear, Charles, Jr.	July 11, 1871	116,947
Necker, Carl	July 18, 1871	117,101
Pitt, James; Joseph;	July 18, 1871	117,203
Edward; and Wm.
Jones, John T.	Aug. 1, 1871	117,640
West, E. P.	Aug. 1, 1871	117,708
Jones, Solomon (2 patents on 1 machine)	Aug. 29, 1871	118,537
		118,538
Lamb, Thomas	Sept. 5, 1871	118,728
Bosworth, C. F.	Jan. 9, 1872	122,555
Smyth, D. M.	Jan. 9, 1872	122,673
Fish, Warren L.	Feb. 13, 1872	123,625
Palmer, C. H.	March 19, 1872	124,694
Baker, G. W.	April 9, 1872	125,374
Gordon and Kinert	April 16, 1872	125,807
Howard, C. W.	April 23, 1872	126,056
(second machine)		126,057
Smyth, D. M.	May 14, 1872	126,845
Beckwith, W. G.	May 21, 1872	126,921
Bouscay, Eloi, Jr.	May 28, 1872	127,145
Braundbeck, E.	June 11, 1872	127,675
Heidenthal, W.	June 11, 1872	127,765
Cleminshaw, S.	June 25, 1872	128,363
Wardwell, S. W., Jr.	July 2, 1872	128,684
Springer, W. A.	July 9, 1872	128,919
Fanning, John	July 16, 1872	129,013
Parks, Volney	July 30, 1872	129,981
Baker, G. W.	July 30, 1872	130,005
Smyth, D. M.	Aug. 6, 1872	130,324
McClure, A. T.	Aug. 13, 1872	130,385
Ashe, Robert	Aug. 20, 1872	130,555
Bartram, W. B.	Aug. 20, 1872	130,557
West, Elliot P.	Aug. 20, 1872	130,674
Happe, J., and Newman, W.	Aug. 20, 1872	130,715
Hinds, Jesse L.	Sept. 10, 1872	131,166
Brown, F. H.	Oct. 1, 1872	131,735
Beckwith, W. G.	Nov. 26, 1872	133,351
Turner, S. S.	Dec. 3, 1872	133,553
Chandler, R.	Dec. 10, 1872	133,757
Venner, O.	Dec. 10, 1872	133,814
Duchemin, W.	Jan. 21, 1873	135,032
Sheffield, G. V.	Jan. 21, 1873	135,047
Parham, Charles	Feb. 4, 1873	135,579
Goodes, E. A.	March 11, 1873	136,718
Tittman, A.	March 11, 1873	136,792
Happe, J., and Newman, W.	March 25, 1873	137,199
Ragan, Daniel	April 1, 1873	137,321
O’Neil, John	April 8, 1873	137,618
Kallmeyer, G.	April 8, 1873	137,689
Ross, J. G., and Miller, T. L.	May 13, 1873	138,764
West, Elliott P.	May 13, 1873	138,772
Koch and Brass	May 13, 1873	138,898
Arnold, B.	May 20, 1873	138,981
Arnold, B.	May 20, 1873	138,982
Lathrop, L. W.	May 20, 1873	139,067
Chandler, Rufus	May 27, 1873	139,368
Jones, S. H.	July 8, 1873	140,631
Smyth, D. M.	July 22, 1873	141,088
Wardwell, S. W., Jr.	July 29, 1873	141,245
Stewart, J., Jr.	July 29, 1873	141,397
Walker, William	July 29, 1873	141,407
Blanchard, Helen A.	Aug. 19, 1873	141,987
Springer, W. A.	Aug. 26, 1873	142,290
Cushman, C. S.	Sept. 2, 1873	142,442
Porter, D. A.	Nov. 25, 1873	144,864
Koch & Brass	Dec. 2, 1873	145,215
Richardson, E. F.	Dec. 16, 1873	145,687
Weber, Theo. A.	Dec. 23, 1873	145,823
Scribner, Benjamin, Jr.	Jan. 13, 1874	146,483
Black, Samuel S.	Jan. 20, 1874	146,642
Taylor, F. B.	Jan. 20, 1874	146,721
Richardson, Everett P.	Jan. 27, 1874	146,948
Muir, William	Feb. 3, 1874	147,152
Goodes, E. A.	Feb. 10, 1874	147,387
Springer, Wm. A.	Feb. 10, 1874	147,441
True, C. B.	March 10, 1874	148,336
Wardwell, S. W., Jr.	March 10, 1874	148,339
Shorey, Samuel W.	March 17, 1874	148,765
Smith, James H.	March 24, 1874	148,902
Horr, Addison D.	April 21, 1874	149,862
Page, Chas.	May 5, 1874	150,479
Crane, Thomas	May 5, 1874	150,532
Buhr, J.	May 26, 1874	151,272
Smyth, D. M.	June 9, 1874	151,801
Wensley, James	June 16, 1874	152,055
Dinsmore, A. S., and Carter, John T.	June 30, 1874	152,618
Speirs, J.	July 7, 1874	152,813
Brewer, A. G.	July 14, 1874	152,894
Baglin, Wm.	Aug. 18, 1874	154,113
Howard, E. L.	Aug. 25, 1874	154,485
Landfear, Wm. R.	Sept. 22, 1874	155,193
Drake, Ellis	Oct. 13, 1874	155,932
Barney, Samuel C.	Oct. 20, 1874	156,119
Moreau, Eugene	Oct. 20, 1874	156,171
Huntington, Thomas S.	Dec. 29, 1874	158,214
Bartlett and Plant	Jan. 26, 1875	159,065
Garland, H. P.	Feb. 16, 1875	159,812
Dinsmore, Alfred S.	March 9, 1875	160,512
McCloskey, John	March 30, 1875	161,534
Schmidt, Albert E.	April 27, 1875	162,697
Darling & Darling	May 25, 1875	163,639
Richardson, Everett P.	July 13, 1875	165,506
Whitehill, Robert	July 27, 1875	166,172
Weber, Theodore A.	Aug. 3, 1875	166,236
Pearson, Wm.	Aug. 17, 1875	166,805
Beckwith, William G.	Sept. 7, 1875	167,382
Hall, John S.	Oct. 11, 1875	168,637
Jones, J. T.	Oct. 26, 1875	169,106
Garland, H. P.	Oct. 26, 1875	169,163
Wormald & Dobson	Nov. 9, 1875	169,881
Rose, R. M.	Nov. 30, 1875	170,596
Keith, Jeremiah	Dec. 7, 1875	170,741
Keith, T. K.	Dec. 14, 1875	170,955
Leavitte, Albert	Dec. 14, 1875	171,147
Toll, Charles F.	Dec. 14, 1875	171,193
Keats, Greenwood, & Keats	Dec. 28, 1875	171,622
Thayer, Augustus	Jan. 11, 1876	172,205
Frese, B.	Jan. 18, 1876	172,308
Pearson, William	Jan. 18, 1876	172,478
Sawyer & Esty	Feb. 29, 1876	174,159
Porter & Baker	March 14, 1876	174,703
Walker, William	April 11, 1876	176,101
Upson, L. A.	April 18, 1876	176,153
Witherspoon, S. A.	April 18, 1876	176,211
Rice, T. M.	April 25, 1876	176,686
Murphy, E.	May 2, 1876	176,880
Bradford, E. F., and Pierce, V. R.	May 16, 1876	177,371
Applegate & Webb	May 25, 1876	177,784
Sullivan, John J.	June 27, 1876	179,232
Appleton, C. J., and Sibley, J. J.	July 4, 1876	179,440
Marin, Chas.	July 11, 1876	179,709
Gullransen, P. E., and Rettinger, J. C.	July 25, 1876	180,225
Butcher, Joseph	Aug. 1, 1876	180,542
Jackson, William	Sept. 5, 1876	181,941
Barton, Kate C.	Sept. 12, 1876	182,096
Eickemeyer, Rudolf	Sept. 12, 1876	182,182
Webster, W.	Sept. 12, 1876	182,249
Knoch, C. F.	Oct. 17, 1876	183,400
Cushman, C. S.	Nov. 21, 1876	184,594
Harris, David	Dec. 12, 1876	185,228
Wood, J.	Dec. 26, 1876	185,811
Oram, Henry	Jan. 2, 1877	185,952
Palmer, Frank L.	Jan. 2, 1877	185,954
Hall, John S.	Feb. 6, 1877	187,006
Palmateer, William A.	Feb. 20, 1877	187,479
Cummins, William G.	Feb. 27, 1877	187,822
Esty, William	Feb. 27, 1877	187,837
Leavitt & Drew	Feb. 27, 1877	187,874
Henriksen, H. P.	March 20, 1877	188,515
McKay, Gordon	March 27, 1877	188,809
Follett, J. L.	April 10, 1877	189,446
Bond, James, Jr.	April 17, 1877	189,599
Jacob, F.	April 24, 1877	190,047
Beck, A.	May 1, 1877	190,184
Hallett, H. H.	June 5, 1877	191,584
Randel, William	June 12, 1877	192,008
Corbett, E., and Harlow, C. F.	July 3, 1877	192,568
Brown, F. H.	July 24, 1877	193,477
Melhuish, R. M.	Aug. 28, 1877	194,610
Atwood, K. C.	Sept. 4, 1877	194,759
Macaulay, F. A.	Oct. 9, 1877	195,939
Dimond, George H.	Oct. 16, 1877	196,198
Sedmihradsky, A. J.	Oct. 23, 1877	196,486
Keith, J.	Nov. 6, 1877	196,809
Beck, August	Nov. 6, 1877	196,863
Keith, T. H.	Nov. 6, 1877	196,909
Keats, John	Dec. 11, 1877	198,120
Briggs, Thomas	Jan. 1, 1878	198,790
Corey, J. W.	Jan. 8, 1878	198,970
Howard, T. S. L.	Jan. 15, 1878	199,206
Bosworth, C. F.	Jan. 22, 1878	199,500
Dancel, C.	Jan. 29, 1878	199,802
Pearson, M. H.	Feb. 5, 1878	199,991
Morrell, Robert W.; Parkinson, Thomas; and Parkinson, Joseph	April 23, 1878	202,857
Barcellos, D.	April 30, 1878	203,102
Elderfield, F. D.	June 4, 1878	204,429
Heberling, J.	June 4, 1878	204,604
Beukler, William	June 11, 1878	204,704
Varicas, L.	June 11, 1878	204,864
Stewart, W. T.	July 2, 1878	205,698
House, Jas. A.	July 23, 1878	206,239
Martin, W., Jr.; Dawson, D. R.; and Orchar, R.	Aug. 6, 1878	206,743
Conklin, N. A.	Aug. 6, 1878	206,774
Wollenberg, H., and Priesner, J.	Aug. 6, 1878	206,848
Young, E. S., and Dimond, G. H.	Aug. 13, 1878	206,992
Hoffman, Clara P., and Meyers, Nicholas	Aug. 13, 1878	207,035
Wensley, Jas.	Aug. 20, 1878	207,230
Dimond, G. H.	Aug. 27, 1878	207,400
Steward, A.	Aug. 27, 1878	207,454
Wood, Richard G.	Sept. 10, 1878	207,928
McCombs, Geo. F.	Sept. 24, 1878	208,407
Keith, Jeremiah	Oct. 22, 1878	209,126
Wells, W. W.	Nov. 12, 1878	209,843
Bayley, C. H.	Feb. 11, 1879	212,122
Parmenter, Charles O.	Feb. 18, 1879	212,495
Ingalls, N., Jr.	Feb. 25, 1879	212,602
Cleminshaw, S.	March 18, 1879	213,391
Webb, T., and Heartfield, C. H.	March 25, 1879	213,537
Borton, Stockton	April 8, 1879	214,089
Henriksen, H. P.	May 20, 1879	215,615
Bland, Henry	June 3, 1879	216,016
Morrison, T. W.	June 10, 1879	216,289
Bosworth, Charles F.	June 17, 1879	216,504
Simmons, Frederick	June 24, 1879	216,902
Junker, Carl	July 1, 1879	217,112
Legat, Désiré Mathurin	Aug. 12, 1879	218,388
Willcox, C. H.	Aug. 12, 1879	218,413
Cornely, Emile	Sept. 2, 1879	219,225
Hamm, E.	Sept. 16, 1879	219,578
Tuttle, J. W., and Keith, T. K.	Sept. 16, 1879	219,782
Stackpole, G., and Applegate, J. H.	Oct. 7, 1879	220,314
Otis, S. L.	Oct. 28, 1879	221,093
Bland, H.	Nov. 11, 1879	221,505
Bracher, T. W.	Nov. 11,1879	221,508
Snediker, J. F.	Nov. 25, 1879	222,089
Mooney, J. H.	Dec. 2, 1879	222,298
Osborne, J. H.	Feb. 3, 1880	224,219
Smith, W. M.	March 2, 1880	225,199
Banks, C. M.	March 23, 1880	225,784
Haberling, J.	May 4, 1880	227,249
Haberling, J.	May 11, 1880	227,525
Wiseman, Edmund	June 8, 1880	228,711
Juengst, George	June 15, 1880	228,820
Morley, J. H.	June 15, 1880	228,918
Curtis, G. H. W.	June 22, 1880	228,985
Lipe, C. E.	June 29, 1880	229,322
Miller, L. B., and Diehl, P.	July 6, 1880	229,629
Willcox, C. H.	July 20, 1880	230,212
Shaw, E.	July 27, 1880	230,580
Dinsmore, A. S.	Aug. 17, 1880	231,155
Thurston, C. H.	Oct. 12, 1880	231,300
Butcher, J.	Oct. 26, 1880	233,657
Smyth, D. M.	Nov. 23, 1880	234,732
Hesse, J.	Dec. 7, 1880	235,085
Kjalman, H. N.	Dec. 21, 1880	235,783
Morley, J. H.	Jan. 4, 1881	236,350
Thomas, J.	Jan. 11, 1881	236,466
Benson, G.	March 8, 1881	238,556
Green, G. F.	March 8, 1881	238,678
Eickemeyer, Rudolf	March 29, 1881	239,319
Palmer, C. H.	April 26, 1881	240,758
Campbell, D. H.	May 17, 1881	241,612
Campbell, Duncan H.	May 17, 1881	241,613
Leslie, A. M.	May 24, 1881	241,808
Newell, George F.	June 7, 1881	242,470
Gritzner, Max C.	June 28, 1881	243,444
Keith, Jeremiah	July 5, 1881	243,710
Choquette, A. E.	July 12, 1881	244,033
Mooney, J. H.	July 19, 1881	244,470
Beardslee, W. F.	Aug. 16, 1881	245,781
Hine, Charlie M.	Aug. 23, 1881	246,136
Willcox, C. H.	Sept. 6, 1881	246,700
Hoefler, J.	Sept. 13, 1881	246,883
Woodward, E.	Sept. 20, 1881	247,285
Richards, Jean E.	Jan. 24, 1882	252,799
Abbott, W. W.	Jan. 31, 1882	252,984
Secor, J. B.	Feb. 14, 1882	253,772
Deschamps, O. L.	Feb. 21, 1882	253,915
Hull, E. H.	Feb. 28, 1882	254,217
Roberts, William	March 7, 1882	254,696
Willcox and Borton	March 28, 1882	255,576
Borton and Willcox	March 28, 1882	255,577
Borton and Willcox	March 28, 1882	255,580
Borton and Willcox	March 28, 1882	255,581
Veukler, W.	April 4, 1882	255,916
Hurtu, A. J.	May 30, 1882	258,761
Keats, Alphonso	July 11, 1882	260,990
Ramsden, John W.	Aug. 1, 1882	262,116
Koch, William	Aug. 8, 1882	262,298
Bigelow, J.	Aug. 29, 1882	263,467
Mills, Daniel	Oct. 10, 1882	265,850
Wilkinson, Charles E.	Dec. 19, 1882	269,251
Carlisle, W. S.	Jan. 9, 1883	270,540
Holden, O. J., and Griswold, L.	Feb. 13, 1883	272,050
Cameron, James W.	Feb. 20, 1883	272,527
Miller, L. B., and Diehl, P.	March 20, 1883	274,359
Ludeke, W.	April 10, 1883	275,506
Bolton, J., and Petnz, A. D.	May 8, 1883	277,106
Blodgett, John W.	June 12, 1883	279,320
Haberling, J.	Sept. 4, 1883	284,300
Thimonnier, E., and Vernaz, C.	Oct. 30, 1883	287,592
Duchemin, William	Nov. 20, 1883	288,929
Lawrence, G. H.	Dec. 25, 1883	290,895
Clever, Peter J.	April 8, 1884	296,529
Palmer, John H.	May 6, 1884	298,228
Dowling, James, and Connolly, John	May 27, 1884	299,118
Boecher, Adam	June 10, 1884	300,199
Luedeke, Waldemar	June 17, 1884	300,380
VanVechten, Orville R.	July 15, 1884	302,063
Carr, Wm. H., and Ostrom, F. W.	Aug. 12, 1884	303,361
Trip, J.	Dec. 2, 1884	308,711
Farrar, Arthur	Dec. 30, 1884	309,837
Turner, M. G.	Feb. 17, 1885	312,306
Mills, D.	March 3, 1885	313,359
Hurtu, August J.	April 7, 1885	315,037
Charmbury, Henry	April 28, 1885	316,745
Woodward & Keith	April 28, 1885	316,927
Walker, William	June 16, 1885	320,099
Tucker, R. D.	June 23, 1885	320,898
Wheeler and Dial	Oct. 13, 1885	328,165
Thomas, Joseph	Nov. 10, 1885	330,170
Muegge, C. A.	Dec. 8, 1885	332,207
Diehl, P.	April 13, 1886	339,623
Diehl, P.	Aug. 24, 1886	347,776
Helwig, Arthur	Oct. 5, 1886	350,364
Miehling, Charles	Nov. 2, 1886	351,992
Dieterle, H. E.	Nov. 30, 1886	353,542
Walker, William	Dec. 7, 1886	353,720
Rosenthal, S. A.	Dec. 7, 1886	353,970
Temple, John	Feb. 22, 1887	358,088
Gee, W. V.	April 19, 1887	361,406
Lingley, John W.	Aug. 16, 1887	368,538
Boppel, Jacob	Jan. 29, 1889	396,979
Webster, William	April 30, 1889	402,497
Osterhout and Hallenbeck	May 7, 1889	402,610
Bennett and Dowling	Aug. 27, 1889	409,728
Hine, Charles M.	Jan. 28, 1890	420,382
Wheeler, Nathaniel	Feb. 4, 1890	420,847
Hallenbeck, J. P.	April 8, 1890	425,422
Lisle, Myron C.	May 20, 1890	428,171
Walker and Bennet	May 20, 1890	428,548
Stewart, James, Jr.	July 15, 1890	432,449
Dewees, J. W.	July 22, 1890	432,746
Powell, Thomas	Dec. 16, 1890	442,695
Fletcher, James H.	Dec. 30, 1890	443,756
Rudolph, Ernst B., deceased, Boulter, W. E., administrator	April 7, 1891	449,927
Goodwin, Julius C.	April 21, 1891	450,793
Cook, Hugo	June 23, 1891	454,610
Bowyer, J. T.	June 23, 1891	454,708
Willcox, C. H., and Borton, S.	April 5, 1892	472,094
Legg and Weston	May 17, 1892	474,840
Kern, Ferdinand	July 19, 1892	479,369
Jackson, Francis	May 1, 1894	519,064
Charles Abercrombi	June 5, 1892	520,977
Taft, J. C.	Oct. 15, 1895	547,866

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