FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 1]: In this battle (A.D. 9) Armin defeated the Romans, and freed Germany.
[Footnote 2]: J. Arends, in "East Friesland and Jever" (vol. ii. p. 190), has collected traces of ancient culture on the excavated ground. The coast of the North Sea, from Borkum to Schleswig, stretched, in the time of the Romans, probably farther to the north; the encroachment of the sea had already begun at the time that Pliny wrote, and since that it has taken more than it has given. The Dollart and the Zuyderzee (1164) were formed by several great inundations after the Crusades, and the Jahde in the fifteenth century.
[Footnote 3]: The smoked meats of Germany were named as an article of traffic under Diocletian.
[Footnote 4]: Thus, for example, in the monastery of Alpirspach, in the Black Forest, from which Ambrosius Blaurer escaped in 1622, a certain holy Pelagius and John the Baptist had both their vassals, who rejoiced in peculiar privileges.
[Footnote 5]: Dialogue of "New Karsthans." This is the fictitious name assumed by Ulrich von Hutten, the author of a political squib at that period.
[Footnote 6]: Seifried Helbling, viii., in Moriz Haupt, periodical for German Antiquity, Vol. iv., p. 164. The Austrian knight laments the intrusion of the peasant into his order as an abuse. He wrote, according to Karajan, the eighth of his little books about 1298.
[Footnote 7]: The quaint way in which the old language is here mixed with foreign dialects cannot be rendered.
[Footnote 8]: Our word pferd (horse), then the Roman elegant word for the German horse.
[Footnote 9]: Duke Ernst of Swabia, a celebrated poem of the middle ages.