[7] Testimony, Senate Committee on Cities, 1890, Vol. I, p. 344.

[8] Ibid., pp. 502-11.

[9] Ibid., p. 513.

[10] Ibid., Vol. II, p. 1244.

[11] Testimony, Senate Committee on Cities, Vol. II, p. 1756.

[12] Ibid., pp. 1757-62.

[13] The credit for instituting this prosecution has been variously, and sometimes impudently, claimed. There is no doubt, however, that not only the first, but the most important evidence, was furnished by this committee, whose practical head was William A. Ellis, of the Second Assembly District.

[14] Investigation of the Police Department, etc., 1894, Vol. V, p. 5734.

[15] See A History of Public Franchises in New York City, by the author.

[16] Stenographic minutes, p. 699.