In the language of common life, in WT, the different forms of the particle of the genitive and instrumental, after consonants, ཀྱི་ གྱི་ etc. are never heard, but everywhere the final consonant is doubled and the vowel i added to it, thus: ལུས་, G. lus-si (Ld.), lṳ̄-i; ལམ་, G. lam-mi; གསེར་ (gold), G. ser-ri etc; or, in other words, all nouns ending in consonants are formed like those ending with ག་ (see the example མིག་). In those ending with a vowel no irregularity takes place.
4. The Dative adds indiscriminately the postposition ལ་ la, denoting the relation of space in the widest sense, expressed by the English prepositions in, into, at, on, to. 5. The Locative is formed by the postposition ན་ na ‘in’. 6. The Ablative by ནས་ nā̤ or ལས་ lā̤ ‘from’ (the latter especially with the meaning: from among), all three likewise without any discriminating regard to the ending of the noun. 7. The Terminative is expressed by the postpositions རུ་ or ར་ after vowels; ཏུ་ after final ག་ and བ་ and, in certain words, ད་ ར་ ལ་; སུ་ after ས་; དུ་ generally after ན་ ར་ ལ་ and the other final consonants. All these [[23]]postpositions denote the motion to or into. 8. The Vocative is not different from the Nominative (as stated above), if not distinguished by the interjection ཀྱེ་ oh!, and can only be known from the context.
Examples of declension. As example of the declension of consonantal nouns we may take 1. for those in s (respectively d, b), ལུས་ lus, lṳ̄, ‘body’; 2. for those in m (n, r, l), ལམ་ lam ‘way’; 3. for those in g (ṅ), མིག་ mig ‘eye’,—of that of vocalic nouns: 4. ཁ་ kʽa or kʽa-wa ‘snow’.
Singular.
| 1. | 2. | |
| N. Acc. | ལུས་ lus, lṳ̄ | ལམ་ lam |
| Gen. | ལུས་ lus-kyi, lṳ̄-kyi; lus-si, lṳ̄i | ལམ་ lam-gyi; lam-mi |
| Inst. | ལུས་ lus-kyis, lṳ̄-kyī; lus-sī, lṳ̄ī | ལམ་ lam-gyis, -gyī; lam-mī |
| Dat. | ལུས་ lus-la, lṳ̄-la | ལམ་ lam-la |
| Loc. | ལུས་ lus-na | ལམ་ lam-na |
| Abl. | ལུས་ lus-nā̤ | ལམ་ lam-nā̤ |
| Term. | ལུས་ lus-su | ལམ་ lam-du |
| 3. | 4. | |
| N. Acc. | མིག་ mig | ཁ་ kʽa; ཁ་ kʽa-wa |
| Gen. | མིག་ mig-gi | ཁའི་ kʽai; ཁ་ kʽa-wai [[24]] |
| Inst. | མིག་ mig-gis, -gī | ཁས་ kʽā̤; ཁ་ kʽa-wā̤ |
| Dat. | མིག་ mig-la | ཁ་ kʽa-la; ཁ་ kʽa-wa-la |
| Loc. | མིག་ mig-na | ཁ་ kʽa-na; ཁ་ kʽa-wa-na |
| Abl. | མིག་ mig-nā̤ | ཁ་ kʽa-nā̤; ཁ་ kʽa-wa-nā̤ |
| Term. | མིག་ mig-tu | ཁ་, ཁར་ kʽa-ru, kʽar; ཁ་, ཁ་ kʽa-wa-ru, kʽa-war. |
Plural.
As the plural signs are simply added to the nouns, without affecting their form, we here only give examples of declension with the two most frequent plural particles. As example for དག་ the plural of the pron. དེ་ ‘that’ has been chosen.
| N. Acc. | ལུས་ lus(lṳ̄-)-nam(s) | དེ་ de-dag |
| Gen. | ལུས་ lus-nam(s)-kyi | དེ་ de-dag-gi |
| Inst. | ལུས་ lus-nam(s)-kyis | དེ་ de-dag-gis |
| Dat. | ལུས་ lus-nam(s)-la | དེ་ de-dag-la |
| Loc. | ལུས་ lus-nam(s)-na | དེ་ de-dag-na |
| Abl. | ལུས་ lus-nam(s)-nā̤ | དེ་ de-dag-nā̤ |
| Term. | ལུས་ lus-nam(s)-su | དེ་ de-dag-tu |
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