[2] Some Mscr. and wood-prints, however, prefer, even after these consonants, the form བས་. [↑]

[[Contents]]

Chapter IV.

The Numerals.

18. Cardinals:

1 ༡ གཅིག་ c̀ig
2 ༢ གཉིས་ ñi(s)
3 ༣ གསུམ་ sum [[29]]
4 ༤ བཞི་ z̀i
5 ༥ ལྔ་ ṅa
6 ༦ དྲུག་ W: ḍug, C: ḍhug
7 ༧ བདུན་ W: dun, C: dhṳn
8 ༨ བརྒྱད་ W: gyad, C: gyäʼ
9 ༩ དགུ་ gu
10 ༡༠ བཅུ་ c̀u, or བཅུ་ c̀u-tʽam-pa
11 ༡༡ བཅུ་ c̀u-c̀ig
12 ༡༢ བཅུ་ c̀u-ñí, vulg: c̀ug-ñí(s)
13 ༡༣ བཅུ་ c̀u-súm, vulg: c̀ug-súm
14 ༡༤ བཅུ་ c̀u-z̀í, vulg: c̀ub-z̀í
15 ༡༥ བཅོ་ c̀o-ṅá
16 ༡༦ བཅུ་ c̀u-ḍúg, C: -ḍhúg
17 ༡༧ བཅུ་ c̀u-dún, C: -dṳ́n, vulg: c̀ub-d°
18 ༡༨ བཅོ་ c̀o-gyád, C: -gyäʼ, vulg: c̀ob-g°
19 ༡༩ བཅུ་ c̀u-gú
20 ༢༠ ཉི་ ñi-s̀u
21 ༢༡ ཉི་ ñi-s̀u-sa-c̀íg, or ཉེར་ ñer-c̀íg [[30]]
30 ༣༠ སུམ་ súm-c̀u
31 ༣༡ སུམ་ sum-c̀u-sa-c̀íg, སོ་ so-c̀ig
40 ༤༠ བཞི་ z̀i-c̀u, vulg: z̀ib-c̀u
41 ༤༡ བཞི་ z̀i-c̀u-sa-c̀íg, ཞེ་ z̀e-c̀íg
50 ༥༠ ལྔ་ ṅa-c̀u, vulg: ṅab-c̀u
51 ༥༡ ལྔ་ ṅa-c̀u-sa-c̀íg, ང་ ṅa-c̀ig
60 ༦༠ དྲུག་ ḍug-c̀u, C: ḍhug-c̀u
61 ༦༡ དྲུག་ ḍug-c̀u-sa-c̀íg, རེ་ re-c̀íg
70 ༧༠ བདུན་ dun-c̀u, C: dṳn-c̀u
71 ༧༡ བདུན་ dun-c̀u-sa-c̀íg, དོན་ don-c̀íg
80 ༨༠ བརྒྱད་ gyád-c̀u, C: gyäʼ-c̀u
81 ༨༡ བརྒྱད་ gyad-c̀u-sa-c̀íg, གྱ་ gya-c̀íg
90 ༩༠ དགུ་ gú-c̀u, vulg: gúb-c̀u
91 ༩༡ དགུ་ gu-c̀u-sa-c̀ig, གོ་ go-c̀íg (C: gʽo-c̀íg)
100 ༡༠༠ བརྒྱ་(ཐམ་ gya (tʽám-pa)
101 ༡༠༡ བརྒྱ་ or བརྒྱ་ gya daṅ (or sa) c̀íg
200 ༢༠༠ ཉི་ ñi-gya, vulg: ñib-gya
300 ༣༠༠ སུམ་ sum-gya [[31]]
400 ༤༠༠ བཞི་ z̀i-gya, vulg: z̀ib-gya etc.
1000 ༡༠༠༠ སྟོང་ (s)toṅ
10 000 ༡༠ ༠༠༠ ཁྲི་ ṭʽi
100 000 ༡༠༠ ༠༠༠ འབུམ་ bum
1 000 000 ༡ ༠༠༠ ༠༠༠ ས་ sa-ya
10 000 000 ༡༠ ༠༠༠ ༠༠༠ བྱེ་ j̀e-wa

There are, as in Sanscrit, names for many more powers of 10, but they are seldom used.

19. Ordinals. དང་ W: daṅ-po, C: dʽ° ‘the first’, the rest are simply formed by adding པ་ to the cardinals, as: གཉིས་, ‘the second’ etc.; the 21st is ཉི་ ‘the twenty-oneth’, not, as in English, ‘the twenty first’.

20. Remarks. 1. The smaller number postponed indicates, as is seen in § [18], addition, the reverse—multiplication: བཅུ་ 13, སུམ་ 30; but in the latter case the three first numerals are changed to ཆིག་, ཉི་, སུམ་; and བཅུ་, as the second part of a compound after consonants, is spelled ཅུ་. 2. The words ཐམ་ (after full tens up to one hundred), ཕྲག་ (after hundreds and thousands[1]), [[32]]ཚོ་ (with still greater numbers), are optional but frequent additions. རྩ་ is common instead of དང་ ‘and’, to connect units with tens (s. § [18]), but it occurs also with hundreds and thousands, and not seldom together with དང་, e.g. སྟོང་, 1002. It is used also instead of ཐམ་, as: བཅུ་ ten, ཉི་ twenty; often it is standing alone for ཉི་, as རྩ་, twenty two. This latter custom may have caused the belief, common even among educated readers in C and WT, that རྩ་ must mean twenty, even when connecting a hundred or thousand to a unit, as they will usually understand the above mentioned number in the sense of 1022 instead of 1002; but the authority of printed books, wherever the exact number can be verified from other circumstances, does not confirm this, which would indeed be a sadly ambiguous phraseology. 3. ཀ་ added to a cardinal number means conjunction: གཉིས་, the two together, both; གསུམ་, the three together, all three etc. པོ་ means either the same, or represents the definite article, indicating that the number has been already mentioned, e.g. མི་, five men were sent.… The five men arriving etc. 4. པ་ is used, besides [[33]]forming Ordinals, to express the notion of ‘containing’, e.g. ཡི་ ‘that containing six letters’, viz. the famous formula: ཨོཾ་ om maṇi padme hum; སུམ་ ‘that containing thirty (letters)’, the Tibetan alphabet. 5. Such combinations as གཉིས་ etc. are frequently used in common life, to denote a number approximately, ‘two or three or so’ (cf. § [14 Note]).

21. Distributive numerals. They are expressed by repetition as in Hind.: དྲུག་ each time six, six for each etc. In composed numerals only the last member is repeated, thus སུམ་ each time thirty two.