| གཏང་ | W | བཏང་ shall, will give |
| མཐོང་ | C | མཐོང་ intens. མཐོང་ |
| shall, will see | ||
| སླེབ་, སླེབ་ will arrive |
Imperative:
| ཐོང་ | W | བཏོང་ give! བཏོན་ take out! བསད་ kill! |
| མཐོང་ see! intens. མཐོང་ | ||
| negat. མ་ do not give! མཐོང་ | ||
[1] The objects of ཟ་ and འཐུང་ often assume the dative-sign, cf. English ‘to feed on’. [↑]
Chapter VII.
The Adverb.
42. We may distinguish three classes of adverbs: 1. Primitive adverbs. 2. Adverbs formed from Adjectives. 3. Adverbs formed from Substantives or Pronouns.
1. Very few Primitive Adverbs occur; the most usual are: ད་ ‘now’, ནམ་ ‘when’, སང་ (books and CT) or ཐོ་ (WT) ‘to morrow’, and a few similar ones; ཡང་ ‘again’, and the two negatives མི་ and མ་, the latter of which is used in prohibitive sentences, and with a past tense, as མི་ ‘(I) do not give’, མི་ ‘(I) shall not give’, but: མ་ ‘did not give’, མ་ (WT: མ་) ‘do not [[66]]give!’ The verbs ཡིན་, ལགས་, མཆིས་, རེད་ have always མ་ instead of མི་ before them ([40.]). Another particle of this kind, of a merely formal value, is ནི་, which is added to any word or group of words in order to single it out and distinctly separate it from everything that follows. It is, therefore, often very useful in lessening the great indistinctness of the language, especially so when separating the subject from the attribute: མི་ ‘that man is a Ladakee’. (There is scarcely an adequate word to be found in our modern languages, but the Greek γε, or μεν—δε—, are very similar.) In talking it is seldom heard, and, when used, in WT pronounced: ནིང་.