[25] སྨྲ་, perf. སྨྲས་, imp. སྨྲོས་. [↑]

[26] འགྱུར་, perf. གྱུར་ properly ‘as he has come to be’. [↑]

[[Contents]]

Appendix.

[[Contents]]

A collection of phrases from daily life, in the modern dialects, romanized.

WT kʽyod gá-na̤ yoṅ, Where do you come from?
CT kʽyöʼ gʽá-na̤ yoṅ.
W kʽyod su yin, C kʽyöʼ s. y. Who are you?
W kʽyod (C kʽyöʼ) sṳ̄[1] yin.[2] Whose (man, servant) are you?
W kʽyod ráṅi miṅ c̀i zer, What is your name? (rule [34. 2. c] is not always observed)
C kʽyöʼ-kyi míṅ-la gʽaṅ zér-gi yöʼ-dʽam.
W kʽyód-di kʽáṅ-pa gá-na yod, Where is your house?
C kʽyöʼ-kyi kʽaṅ-pa gʽá-na yöʼ(-pa).
W kʽyod c̀i-la yoṅ, Why do you come?
C kʽyöʼ gʽaṅ-la yoṅ. (What do you want?)
W c̀i-la ’i-ru dug. Why are you here?
W ṅa s̀ruṅ-te dad. I sit here to watch.
W dī yúl-li miṅ c̀i zer, What is the name of this village?
C yul dī miṅ-la gʽaṅ zér-ra[3] yim-pa. [[87]]
W kʽyod-la ḍel-wa[4] z̀ig yód-da, Have you any errand (business)?
C kʽyöʼ la dʽo̤n z̀ig yöʼ-dʽam.
W c̀aṅ med; c̀ʽón-la yoṅ(s), Not any; I have come to no purpose.
C c̀aṅ mĕ́ʼ; dʽo̤n-mĕ́ʼ-la yoṅ.
W da tʽug pa tʽuṅ-c̀e-la kaṅ-pa-la-soṅ. Then go home to eat (drink) your soup.
W yod: ṅá-la man[5] z̀ig sal[6], Yes: please give me some medicine.
C yöʼ: ṅá-la ma̤n z̀ig naṅ[7]-rog.
W ṅá-la zug[8] yod, Ts sug gyág[9]-gī, I am ill (I have got, am befallen with, an illness).
Ü ṅá-la ná-tʽsa toṅ[10]-gi dug.
W zúr-mo rag, C - - dug. I feel pain.
W gá-na, C gʽá-na. Where?
W ḍód-pa[11]-la, C ḍʽöʼ-pa-la. In the stomach.
W gó-la zug rag, C - - - yöʼ. I have headache.
W ṅa-z̀a yaṅ-pa-la c̀ʽa-c̀e-la tʽsan-te rag. We should have taken a walk, but it is too hot.
WC di len. Take this!
W di kʽyer, C di kʽur soṅ. Take this with (you)!
W di kʽyoṅ, C di kʽur s̀og. Bring this!
W di gá-zug c̀o-c̀e, How shall I do this?
C di gʽán-ḍa̤[12] j̀ĕʼ toṅ (or j̀ĕʼ gyu) yin (yim-pa).
W dí-zug c̀o mi gos (goi, gō̤), You must not do it in this way.
C dí-ḍā̤ j̀ĕʼ mi gō̤. [[88]]
W ṅá-la da-ruṅ ó-ma z̀ig gos, I want some more milk.
C ṅá-la dʽa-ruṅ wó-ma s̀ig gō̤.
W i lág-mo c̀o, C di lég-mo j̀ā̤. Clean this!
W bé-ma daṅ ṭu[13]-c̀e, Wash it with sand!
C j̀é-mā̤ ṭʽṳ̄.
W ṅa-la c̀ʽu c̀uṅ zad (C säʼ) c̀ig naṅ[14] z̀ig (C s̀ig). Give me some water, please!
W lág-pa lág-mo yód-da, Are (your) hands clean?
C lág-pa lég-mo (lā-mo, or tsaṅ-wa) é yöʼ.
W o-ma tʽsag-rā̤́-la tʽsag toṅ, Filter the milk through the filtering cloth!
C wo-ma - - - tʽsag s̀og.
W tʽab c̀ʽuṅ-se dḗ c̀ʽog-la bor-toṅ, Put the little stove there!
C - - - dʽḗ c̀ʽog (c̀ʽö)-la z̀ag[15]-c̀ig.
W pʽàn-dil sá-la pʽob[16] (pʽab-toṅ), Put the pot (degc̀i) down on the ground!
C saṅ[17] sá-la pʽáb-s̀ig.
W zaṅ(-bu) me daṅ ñe-mo bor, Put the pot near the fire!
C saṅ me dʽaṅ ñe-mo z̀ag.
W pʽog ton. Take it off!
W ñí-ma gás[18]-sa (gā̤-a) tsám-z̀ig-ga me pʽu[19], As soon as the sun sets, light a fire!
C - - gā̤ tsam-s̀ig-la - -.
W kar-yol kʽyoṅ-ṅa son. Go to fetch the china!
- - len-na s̀og. Come to take away - -. [[89]]
W c̀ʽu ḍáṅ-mo[20] daṅ ṭú-na kar-yól[21] mi dag (or kar-yol lag-mo mi c̀ʽa-yin); tʽsán-te z̀ig láṅ-te gyal-la ṭu gos (gō̤), If you wash with cold water, the china does not become clean; wash it well with some hot (water)!
C c̀ʽu dʽáṅ mō̤ tṳ̄ na kar-yól mi dag; tʽsám-mo s̀íg gī lég (lā̤)-pa-ṭṳ̄ s̀og.
W lás (lā̤)-ka tʽsaṅ-ma tʽsar-na̤ mán-na ma c̀ʽa, Unless all the work is done, don’t go! (or) you must not go.
C - - - ma̤m-pa ḍo[22] mi c̀ʽog.
W sol-c̀óg[23] ṭʽal-ḍig[24] c̀o-a, Shall I make the table ready?
C - - - - j̀ĕʼ gyu yin-na(m).
W o-ná; c̀og-tán tiṅ[25] toṅ, Yes; lay (spread) the cloth!
C yā-ya; c̀og-tá̤n tíṅ-c̀ig.
W tib-ríl li naṅ-na c̀ʽu máṅ-po yód-da ñúṅ-ṅu yód, Is there much water in the teapot, or little?
C - - gyi-naṅ-na c̀ʽu máṅ-po yöʼ-dʽam ñúṅ-ṅu yöʼ.
W ñúṅ ṅu z̀ig yod (a-tʽsig man-na med), (But) a little.
C ñúṅ ṅu s̀ig yöʼ.
W tib-ril c̀ʽu kaṅ[26]-te kʽyoṅ, Fill the teapot with water, and bring it!
C - - c̀ʽṳ̄ káṅ-nā̤ kʽur s̀og.
W tib-ril dzag dug. The kettle leaks.
W kár-yā[27] daṅ j̀ar[28] gos (gō̤), It must be soldered (fastened with pewter).
C kár-yā̤ (or s̀a-kar-gyī) j̀ar gō̤.
W gar-wa̤[29] tsar[30] kʽyer, Take it to the blacksmith’s.
C kʽur soṅ. [[90]]
W s̀el-kor gas (gā̤) soṅ, The tumbler (glass-cup) has got a crack.
C s̀el-pʽor gā̤ soṅ.
W ṅā̤ ma zer-na s̀iṅ ma kʽyoṅ, Unless I tell you, do not bring wood!
C - - ser-na - - kyal[31].
W sab mol-na kʽyoṅ yin, When master commands, I shall bring.
C sa-hib suṅ[32]-na kyal gyu yin.
W sab gá-zug mol, What did you say, sir (did the gentleman say)?
C sa-hib gʽaṅ suṅ wa yin.
W ma pʽaṅ[33]; bud ma c̀ug[34], Don’t cast it away! Do not let it slip!
C ma bʽor-wa j̀ʽĕʼ; bʽüʼ ma c̀ug.
WC rig-pa ḍim[35], Take care! Cautiously!
W kʽa-dar c̀o.
W nán[36]-c̀e man, You must not press!
C ná̤n gyu min.
W ḍás[37]-si (ḍā̤́-i) lág-ma ṭí[38]-te bor, Put by the remainder of the rice!
C ḍā̤́-kyi lhág-ma tʽsag j̀ʽā̤.
W lag-ma mi dug, c̀aṅ ma lus (lṳ̄). There is no remainder; nothing is left.
W o-ma lud ma c̀ug, Do not let the milk run over!
C wo-ma lüʼ ma c̀ug.
W c̀ʽín-pa[39] ma túb[40]-te són-te kʽyoṅ, Not cutting the liver, bring it as a whole!
C - - - - - tʽsáṅ-ma (or gʽáṅ-mo) kʽur-s̀og.
W a-lu s̀u-te tub toṅ, Peel the potatoes, and cut them in pieces!
C kyi-u (or ḍo-ma[41]) s̀u-te tub-c̀ig.
maṅ-po (or yun riṅ-mo) ma gor. Don’t tarry much! [[91]]
W gyog-pa (C gyog-po, gyō-po) s̀og. Come soon!
W ma j̀ed[42], 1. Do not forget! 2. (I) did not forget.
C ma j̀ĕʼ.
W yid-la zum[43] tʽub-ba, Can you remember it (bear it in mind)?
C sem-la ṅē tʽub-ba.
W yid-la zum gos (gō̤), You must bear it in mind, (make it certain).
C ṅē-pa j̀ʽĕʼ gō̤.
naṅ-du soṅ; naṅ-du s̀og. Go in! Come in!
W naṅ-du kyod[44], Go (or come) in, sir!
C naṅ-du pʽeb.
W dod[45], C däʼ. Sit down!
z̀ug[46]. Please sit down, sir!

[[92]]

[[Contents]]

Reading Exercise.