[25] སྨྲ་, perf. སྨྲས་, imp. སྨྲོས་. [↑]
[26] འགྱུར་, perf. གྱུར་ properly ‘as he has come to be’. [↑]
Appendix.
A collection of phrases from daily life, in the modern dialects, romanized.
| WT | kʽyod gá-na̤ yoṅ, | Where do you come from? |
| CT | kʽyöʼ gʽá-na̤ yoṅ. | |
| W | kʽyod su yin, C kʽyöʼ s. y. | Who are you? |
| W | kʽyod (C kʽyöʼ) sṳ̄[1] yin.[2] | Whose (man, servant) are you? |
| W | kʽyod ráṅi miṅ c̀i zer, | What is your name? (rule [34. 2. c] is not always observed) |
| C | kʽyöʼ-kyi míṅ-la gʽaṅ zér-gi yöʼ-dʽam. | |
| W | kʽyód-di kʽáṅ-pa gá-na yod, | Where is your house? |
| C | kʽyöʼ-kyi kʽaṅ-pa gʽá-na yöʼ(-pa). | |
| W | kʽyod c̀i-la yoṅ, | Why do you come? |
| C | kʽyöʼ gʽaṅ-la yoṅ. | (What do you want?) |
| W | c̀i-la ’i-ru dug. | Why are you here? |
| W | ṅa s̀ruṅ-te dad. | I sit here to watch. |
| W | dī yúl-li miṅ c̀i zer, | What is the name of this village? |
| C | yul dī miṅ-la gʽaṅ zér-ra[3] yim-pa. [[87]] | |
| W | kʽyod-la ḍel-wa[4] z̀ig yód-da, | Have you any errand (business)? |
| C | kʽyöʼ la dʽo̤n z̀ig yöʼ-dʽam. | |
| W | c̀aṅ med; c̀ʽón-la yoṅ(s), | Not any; I have come to no purpose. |
| C | c̀aṅ mĕ́ʼ; dʽo̤n-mĕ́ʼ-la yoṅ. | |
| W | da tʽug pa tʽuṅ-c̀e-la kaṅ-pa-la-soṅ. | Then go home to eat (drink) your soup. |
| W | yod: ṅá-la man[5] z̀ig sal[6], | Yes: please give me some medicine. |
| C | yöʼ: ṅá-la ma̤n z̀ig naṅ[7]-rog. | |
| W | ṅá-la zug[8] yod, Ts sug gyág[9]-gī, | I am ill (I have got, am befallen with, an illness). |
| Ü | ṅá-la ná-tʽsa toṅ[10]-gi dug. | |
| W | zúr-mo rag, C - - dug. | I feel pain. |
| W | gá-na, C gʽá-na. | Where? |
| W | ḍód-pa[11]-la, C ḍʽöʼ-pa-la. | In the stomach. |
| W | gó-la zug rag, C - - - yöʼ. | I have headache. |
| W | ṅa-z̀a yaṅ-pa-la c̀ʽa-c̀e-la tʽsan-te rag. | We should have taken a walk, but it is too hot. |
| WC | di len. | Take this! |
| W | di kʽyer, C di kʽur soṅ. | Take this with (you)! |
| W | di kʽyoṅ, C di kʽur s̀og. | Bring this! |
| W | di gá-zug c̀o-c̀e, | How shall I do this? |
| C | di gʽán-ḍa̤[12] j̀ĕʼ toṅ (or j̀ĕʼ gyu) yin (yim-pa). | |
| W | dí-zug c̀o mi gos (goi, gō̤), | You must not do it in this way. |
| C | dí-ḍā̤ j̀ĕʼ mi gō̤. [[88]] | |
| W | ṅá-la da-ruṅ ó-ma z̀ig gos, | I want some more milk. |
| C | ṅá-la dʽa-ruṅ wó-ma s̀ig gō̤. | |
| W | i lág-mo c̀o, C di lég-mo j̀ā̤. | Clean this! |
| W | bé-ma daṅ ṭu[13]-c̀e, | Wash it with sand! |
| C | j̀é-mā̤ ṭʽṳ̄. | |
| W | ṅa-la c̀ʽu c̀uṅ zad (C säʼ) c̀ig naṅ[14] z̀ig (C s̀ig). | Give me some water, please! |
| W | lág-pa lág-mo yód-da, | Are (your) hands clean? |
| C | lág-pa lég-mo (lā-mo, or tsaṅ-wa) é yöʼ. | |
| W | o-ma tʽsag-rā̤́-la tʽsag toṅ, | Filter the milk through the filtering cloth! |
| C | wo-ma - - - tʽsag s̀og. | |
| W | tʽab c̀ʽuṅ-se dḗ c̀ʽog-la bor-toṅ, | Put the little stove there! |
| C | - - - dʽḗ c̀ʽog (c̀ʽö)-la z̀ag[15]-c̀ig. | |
| W | pʽàn-dil sá-la pʽob[16] (pʽab-toṅ), | Put the pot (degc̀i) down on the ground! |
| C | saṅ[17] sá-la pʽáb-s̀ig. | |
| W | zaṅ(-bu) me daṅ ñe-mo bor, | Put the pot near the fire! |
| C | saṅ me dʽaṅ ñe-mo z̀ag. | |
| W | pʽog ton. | Take it off! |
| W | ñí-ma gás[18]-sa (gā̤-a) tsám-z̀ig-ga me pʽu[19], | As soon as the sun sets, light a fire! |
| C | - - gā̤ tsam-s̀ig-la - -. | |
| W | kar-yol kʽyoṅ-ṅa son. | Go to fetch the china! |
| - - len-na s̀og. | Come to take away - -. [[89]] | |
| W | c̀ʽu ḍáṅ-mo[20] daṅ ṭú-na kar-yól[21] mi dag (or kar-yol lag-mo mi c̀ʽa-yin); tʽsán-te z̀ig láṅ-te gyal-la ṭu gos (gō̤), | If you wash with cold water, the china does not become clean; wash it well with some hot (water)! |
| C | c̀ʽu dʽáṅ mō̤ tṳ̄ na kar-yól mi dag; tʽsám-mo s̀íg gī lég (lā̤)-pa-ṭṳ̄ s̀og. | |
| W | lás (lā̤)-ka tʽsaṅ-ma tʽsar-na̤ mán-na ma c̀ʽa, | Unless all the work is done, don’t go! (or) you must not go. |
| C | - - - ma̤m-pa ḍo[22] mi c̀ʽog. | |
| W | sol-c̀óg[23] ṭʽal-ḍig[24] c̀o-a, | Shall I make the table ready? |
| C | - - - - j̀ĕʼ gyu yin-na(m). | |
| W | o-ná; c̀og-tán tiṅ[25] toṅ, | Yes; lay (spread) the cloth! |
| C | yā-ya; c̀og-tá̤n tíṅ-c̀ig. | |
| W | tib-ríl li naṅ-na c̀ʽu máṅ-po yód-da ñúṅ-ṅu yód, | Is there much water in the teapot, or little? |
| C | - - gyi-naṅ-na c̀ʽu máṅ-po yöʼ-dʽam ñúṅ-ṅu yöʼ. | |
| W | ñúṅ ṅu z̀ig yod (a-tʽsig man-na med), | (But) a little. |
| C | ñúṅ ṅu s̀ig yöʼ. | |
| W | tib-ril c̀ʽu kaṅ[26]-te kʽyoṅ, | Fill the teapot with water, and bring it! |
| C | - - c̀ʽṳ̄ káṅ-nā̤ kʽur s̀og. | |
| W | tib-ril dzag dug. | The kettle leaks. |
| W | kár-yā[27] daṅ j̀ar[28] gos (gō̤), | It must be soldered (fastened with pewter). |
| C | kár-yā̤ (or s̀a-kar-gyī) j̀ar gō̤. | |
| W | gar-wa̤[29] tsar[30] kʽyer, | Take it to the blacksmith’s. |
| C | kʽur soṅ. [[90]] | |
| W | s̀el-kor gas (gā̤) soṅ, | The tumbler (glass-cup) has got a crack. |
| C | s̀el-pʽor gā̤ soṅ. | |
| W | ṅā̤ ma zer-na s̀iṅ ma kʽyoṅ, | Unless I tell you, do not bring wood! |
| C | - - ser-na - - kyal[31]. | |
| W | sab mol-na kʽyoṅ yin, | When master commands, I shall bring. |
| C | sa-hib suṅ[32]-na kyal gyu yin. | |
| W | sab gá-zug mol, | What did you say, sir (did the gentleman say)? |
| C | sa-hib gʽaṅ suṅ wa yin. | |
| W | ma pʽaṅ[33]; bud ma c̀ug[34], | Don’t cast it away! Do not let it slip! |
| C | ma bʽor-wa j̀ʽĕʼ; bʽüʼ ma c̀ug. | |
| WC | rig-pa ḍim[35], | Take care! Cautiously! |
| W | kʽa-dar c̀o. | |
| W | nán[36]-c̀e man, | You must not press! |
| C | ná̤n gyu min. | |
| W | ḍás[37]-si (ḍā̤́-i) lág-ma ṭí[38]-te bor, | Put by the remainder of the rice! |
| C | ḍā̤́-kyi lhág-ma tʽsag j̀ʽā̤. | |
| W | lag-ma mi dug, c̀aṅ ma lus (lṳ̄). | There is no remainder; nothing is left. |
| W | o-ma lud ma c̀ug, | Do not let the milk run over! |
| C | wo-ma lüʼ ma c̀ug. | |
| W | c̀ʽín-pa[39] ma túb[40]-te són-te kʽyoṅ, | Not cutting the liver, bring it as a whole! |
| C | - - - - - tʽsáṅ-ma (or gʽáṅ-mo) kʽur-s̀og. | |
| W | a-lu s̀u-te tub toṅ, | Peel the potatoes, and cut them in pieces! |
| C | kyi-u (or ḍo-ma[41]) s̀u-te tub-c̀ig. | |
| maṅ-po (or yun riṅ-mo) ma gor. | Don’t tarry much! [[91]] | |
| W | gyog-pa (C gyog-po, gyō-po) s̀og. | Come soon! |
| W | ma j̀ed[42], | 1. Do not forget! 2. (I) did not forget. |
| C | ma j̀ĕʼ. | |
| W | yid-la zum[43] tʽub-ba, | Can you remember it (bear it in mind)? |
| C | sem-la ṅē tʽub-ba. | |
| W | yid-la zum gos (gō̤), | You must bear it in mind, (make it certain). |
| C | ṅē-pa j̀ʽĕʼ gō̤. | |
| naṅ-du soṅ; naṅ-du s̀og. | Go in! Come in! | |
| W | naṅ-du kyod[44], | Go (or come) in, sir! |
| C | naṅ-du pʽeb. | |
| W | dod[45], C däʼ. | Sit down! |
| z̀ug[46]. | Please sit down, sir! |
[[92]]