[3] This will be indicated in the following examples by including the s in parentheses, as (s)kom. [↑]
Examples.
| ཀྱིར་ kyir-kyir, round, circular. ཁྱི་ kʽyi, dog. གྱེན་ gyen-la, upwards. ཕྱུགས་ c̀ʽug(s), Ü: c̀ʽū, cattle. ཀྱུ་ kyu, hook. ཁྱོད་ kʽyod, C: kʽyöʼ, you. ཕྱུག་ c̀ʽug-po, rich. ཕྱེད་ W: pʽed, C: c̀ʽĕʼ, half. [[10]] བྱ་ W: j̀á-mo, C: j̀ʽa-mo, hen. མྱ་ W: ña-ṅán, C: -ṅän, misery. ཀྲམ་ ṭam, cabbage. ཁྲིམས་ ṭʽim(s), judgment. གྲང་ W: ḍaṅ-mo, C: ḍʽ°-, cold. ཕྲུག་ ṭʽug-gu, child. སྲན་ s̀ran-ma, srän-ma, pea. གླ་ la, wages. རླུང་(པོ་) luṅ(-po), wind. ཟླ་ da-wa (s. § [11 note]), moon. རྣོན་ nón-po, C: no̤m-po, sharp. ལྗང་ jaṅ-kʽu (Ld. lj°), green. སྐོམ་ (s)kom, thirst. སྒོ་ (s)go, door. | སྒྱུར་ (s)gyúr-wa, to alter, turn. སྤྱིན་ W: (s)pin, C: c̀ʽin, glue. སྤྲེའུ་ ṭe-u, Ld: s̀re-u, monkey. སྨན་ W: (s)man, C: män, medicine. བྱེ་ W: bé-ma, C: j̀ʽe-ma, sand. མྱུར་ ñur-du, quickly. ཁྲལ་ ṭʽal, tax. གྲི་ W: ḍi, ḍʽi (Pur: gri), knife. དྲང་ W: ḍaṅ-po, C: ḍʽ°, straight. བྲག་ ḍag, ḍʽag (brag), rock. ཧྲུལ་ s̀rul-po, ragged. བླ་ lá-ma, priest. སླ་ lá-mo, easy. རྐང་ kaṅ-pa, foot. རྫུན་ W: zun, C: dsṳn, lie, untruth. ལྟད་ tad-mo (Ld. lt°), C: täʼ-mo, spectacle. སྐྲ་ W: s̀ra[1], C: ṭa, hair. སྒྲ་ ḍa (vulg.: ra), sound, voice. སྤུ་ (s)pu, small hair. སྤྱོད་ W: (s)c̀od-pa, C: c̀öʼ-pa, to behave. སྦྲུལ་ W: (sb)rul, C: ḍul, snake. སྨྱོན་ W: ñon-pa, C: ño̤n-pa, mad. |
- ཀྱིར་ kyir-kyir, round, circular.
- ཁྱི་ kʽyi, dog.
- གྱེན་ gyen-la, upwards.
- ཕྱུགས་ c̀ʽug(s), Ü: c̀ʽū, cattle.
- ཀྱུ་ kyu, hook.
- ཁྱོད་ kʽyod, C: kʽyöʼ, you.
- ཕྱུག་ c̀ʽug-po, rich.
- ཕྱེད་ W: pʽed, C: c̀ʽĕʼ, half. [[10]]
- བྱ་ W: j̀á-mo, C: j̀ʽa-mo, hen.
- མྱ་ W: ña-ṅán, C: -ṅän, misery.
- ཀྲམ་ ṭam, cabbage.
- ཁྲིམས་ ṭʽim(s), judgment.
- གྲང་ W: ḍaṅ-mo, C: ḍʽ°-, cold.
- ཕྲུག་ ṭʽug-gu, child.
- སྲན་ s̀ran-ma, srän-ma, pea.
- གླ་ la, wages.
- རླུང་(པོ་) luṅ(-po), wind.
- ཟླ་ da-wa (s. § [11 note]), moon.
- རྣོན་ nón-po, C: no̤m-po, sharp.
- ལྗང་ jaṅ-kʽu (Ld. lj°), green.
- སྐོམ་ (s)kom, thirst.
- སྒོ་ (s)go, door.
- སྒྱུར་ (s)gyúr-wa, to alter, turn.
- སྤྱིན་ W: (s)pin, C: c̀ʽin, glue.
- སྤྲེའུ་ ṭe-u, Ld: s̀re-u, monkey.
- སྨན་ W: (s)man, C: män, medicine.
- བྱེ་ W: bé-ma, C: j̀ʽe-ma, sand.
- མྱུར་ ñur-du, quickly.
- ཁྲལ་ ṭʽal, tax.
- གྲི་ W: ḍi, ḍʽi (Pur: gri), knife.
- དྲང་ W: ḍaṅ-po, C: ḍʽ°, straight.
- བྲག་ ḍag, ḍʽag (brag), rock.
- ཧྲུལ་ s̀rul-po, ragged.
- བླ་ lá-ma, priest.
- སླ་ lá-mo, easy.
- རྐང་ kaṅ-pa, foot.
- རྫུན་ W: zun, C: dsṳn, lie, untruth.
- ལྟད་ tad-mo (Ld. lt°), C: täʼ-mo, spectacle.
- སྐྲ་ W: s̀ra[1], C: ṭa, hair.
- སྒྲ་ ḍa (vulg.: ra), sound, voice.
- སྤུ་ (s)pu, small hair.
- སྤྱོད་ W: (s)c̀od-pa, C: c̀öʼ-pa, to behave.
- སྦྲུལ་ W: (sb)rul, C: ḍul, snake.
- སྨྱོན་ W: ñon-pa, C: ño̤n-pa, mad.
[[11]]
8. Prefixed letters. 1. The five letters ག་ ད་ བ་ མ་ འ་ frequently occur before the real, radical initials of other words, but are seldom pronounced, except in similar cases as § 7. 6. ག་ occurs before ཅ་ ཉ་ ཏ་ ད་ ན་ ཙ་ ཞ་ ཟ་ ཡ་ ཤ་ ས་; ད before the gutturals and labials with exception of the aspiratae; བ་ before ཀ་ ག་, the palatals, dentals and palatal sibilants with the same exception as under ད, then ཞ་ ཟ་ ར་ ཤ་ ས་; མ་ before the gutturals, palatals, dentals and palatal sibilants, except the surds; འ before the aspiratae and sonants of the five classes. In CT, to pronounce them in any case, is considered vulgar. 2. The ambiguity which would arise in case of the prefix standing before one of the 10 final consonants, as single radical, the vowel being the unwritten a,—e.g. in the syllable དག་, which, if ད is radical, has to be pronounced dag, if prefixed gā,—is avoided by adding an འ་ in the latter case: thus, དགའ་. Other examples are: གད་ gad (gʽäʼ) and གདའ་ dā; བས་ bas (bā̤, bʽā̤) and བསའ་ sā; མད་ mad (mäʼ) and མདའ་ dā; འགའ་ gā. This འ་ is added, though the radical be not one of the mentioned letters; as, བཀའ་ kā. 3. ད་ as a prefix and བ་ as first radical annul each other, so that only the following sound is heard, as will be seen in the [[12]]following examples (དབང་ etc.). 4. Another irregularity is the nasal pronunciation of the prefixed འ་ in compounds after a vowel, which is often heard e.g. དགེ་ pronounced gen-dún, gen-dṳ́n, but eleg.: ge-dṳ́n, ‘clergy’; བཀའ་ kam-bum, eleg. ka-búm, ‘the 100 000 precepts’ (title of a book).—Note. With regard to the aspiration of the soft consonants in ET the prefixed letters have the same influence as the superadded ones § [7. 9].