A. Oriental Authorities.

Al-Balādhurī: (1) (Kitāb al-Ansāb) Anonyme Arabische Chronik, Band XI, ed. W. Ahlwardt, Greifswald, 1883.

—— (2) Kitāb Futūh al Buldān, ed. M. J. de Goeje, Leyden, 1865.

Ad-Dīnawarī: Kitāb al-Akhbār at-Tiwāl, ed. V. Guirgass, Leyden, 1888.

Fragmenta Historicorum Arabicorum, vol. I, from Kitāb al-ʿUyūn, ed. M. J. de Goeje and P. de Jong, Leyden, 1869.

Ibn al-Athīr: Taʿrīkh al-Kāmil, 12 vols., Cairo 1290 A.H.

Ibn Khalliqān, Biographical Dictionary, trans. by Baron MacGuckin de Slane, 4 vols., Paris, 1842-1871.

Ibn Khūrdādhbih: Kitāb al-Masālik wal-Mamālik, ed. M. J. de Goeje, (Bibl. Geog. Arab. VI), Leyden, 1889.

Ibn Qutayba: Kitāb al-Maʿārif, ed. F. Wüstenfeld, Göttingen, 1850.

Al-Istakhrī: Kitāb Masālik al-Mamālik, ed. M. J. de Goeje, (Bibl. Geog. Arab. I), Leyden, 1870.