Observations of a Naturalist in the Pacific Between 1896 and 1899, Volume 1 / Vanua Levu, Fiji

by H. B. Guppy

Locality.	Coast or inland.	Height above sea-level.	Near or far from streams.	Siliceous sinter.	Nature of the surface at the exit.	Temperature.
1. Wainunu	Coast to four miles inland	Sea-level to 20 or 30 feet	River-side and under water	Little or none	Soil-cap, tuffs, &c.	100°-130° F.
2. Natoarau and vicinity	Three to four miles from coast	50 to 100 feet	Near brooks and streams	Little or none	Soil-cap	110°-126° F.
3. Nukumbolo	Six miles inland	130 feet	About 100 yards from river	Mixed with lime carbonate	Agglomerate-tuff	157° F.
4. Savu-savu	Beach and 150 yards inland	Sea-level to 10 feet	Inland springs near a brook	In fair quantity	Rotten volcanic agglomerate	208°-210° F.
5. Ravuka	Nine miles inland	200 feet	River-side	None	Pebble bed	148° F.
6. Vuinasanga	Ten miles from north coast	150 feet	River-side	None	Soil-cap	131°-134° F.
7. Foot of Nawavi Range	Four miles inland	Not known	Not known	Not known	Not known	Not known.
8. Vatuloaloa	Coast below high-tide mark	Nil.				140° F.
9. Nambuonu	Half-mile inland	Probably slight	Not known	Not known	Swampy	140° F. (probably).
10. Tambia	Inland one and a-half to two miles	90 feet	Not near a stream	Abundant	Soil-cap	180° F.
11. Vandrani	Eight miles from coast	270 feet	River-side	None	Old river-bed	100° F.
12. Na Kama, Wailevu	Inland five to six miles	90 feet	River-side	Probably little	Agglomerates and tuffs	194°-204° F.
13. Vunimoli	Inland eight miles	120 feet	About 100 yards from river	None	Foramini ferous clay-rock	140° F. 155° F.
14. Mbati-ni-kama	Inland seven and a-half miles	130 feet	River-side	In fair quantity	Volcanic agglomerate	161° F.
15. Nandongo	Inland four miles	180 feet	River-side	None	Clay	97° F.
16. Natuvo	Coast and between the tide-marks	Nil and a few feet		None	Reef-flat and swampy ground	131° F. 136° F.
17. Ndaku-ndaku	Between the tide-marks	Nil		None	Reef-flat	Not known.
18. Navakaravi	A mile inland	30 to 40 feet	Swampy ground	None	Soil-cap	133° F.
19. Vunisawana	From beach 300 or 400 yards	A few feet	Near a brook	Not known	Soil-cap	Not known.
20. Ndreke-ni-wai	Coast between the tide-marks	Nil		None	Old reef-patch	130°-135° F.
21. Waikatakata	Inland 400 yards	25 or 30 feet	Not near a stream	None	Rises beneath a boulder of basalt	148° F.
22. Ndevo	On coast below high-water level	Nil	Near a stream	Not known	Probably the reef-flat	Not known.
23. Navuni	Inland three-quarters of a mile	100 feet	Near a stream	Little or none	Volcanic agglomerate	112°-113° F.

Locality.	Coast or inland.	Height above sea-level.	Near or far from streams.
1. Wainunu	Coast to four miles inland	Sea-level to 20 or 30 feet	River-side and under water
2. Natoarau and vicinity	Three to four miles from coast	50 to 100 feet	Near brooks and streams
3. Nukumbolo	Six miles inland	130 feet	About 100 yards from river
4. Savu-savu	Beach and 150 yards inland	Sea-level to 10 feet	Inland springs near a brook
5. Ravuka	Nine miles inland	200 feet	River-side
6. Vuinasanga	Ten miles from north coast	150 feet	River-side
7. Foot of Nawavi Range	Four miles inland	Not known	Not known
8. Vatuloaloa	Coast below high-tide mark	Nil.
9. Nambuonu	Half-mile inland	Probably slight	Not known
10. Tambia	Inland one and a-half to two miles	90 feet	Not near a stream
11. Vandrani	Eight miles from coast	270 feet	River-side
12. Na Kama, Wailevu	Inland five to six miles	90 feet	River-side
13. Vunimoli	Inland eight miles	120 feet	About 100 yards from river
14. Mbati-ni-kama	Inland seven and a-half miles	130 feet	River-side
15. Nandongo	Inland four miles	180 feet	River-side
16. Natuvo	Coast and between the tide-marks	Nil and a few feet
17. Ndaku-ndaku	Between the tide-marks	Nil
18. Navakaravi	A mile inland	30 to 40 feet	Swampy ground
19. Vunisawana	From beach 300 or 400 yards	A few feet	Near a brook
20. Ndreke-ni-wai	Coast between the tide-marks	Nil
21. Waikatakata	Inland 400 yards	25 or 30 feet	Not near a stream
22. Ndevo	On coast below high-water level	Nil	Near a stream
23. Navuni	Inland three-quarters of a mile	100 feet	Near a stream

List of the Hot Springs of Vanua Levu, 1898-99. continued

Locality.	Siliceous sinter.	Nature of the surface at the exit.	Temperature.
1. Wainunu	Little or none	Soil-cap, tuffs, &c.	100°-130° F.
2. Natoarau and vicinity	Little or none	Soil-cap	110°-126° F.
3. Nukumbolo	Mixed with lime carbonate	Agglomerate-tuff	157° F.
4. Savu-savu	In fair quantity	Rotten volcanic agglomerate	208°-210° F.
5. Ravuka	None	Pebble bed	148° F.
6. Vuinasanga	None	Soil-cap	131°-134° F.
7. Foot of Nawavi Range	Not known	Not known	Not known.
8. Vatuloaloa			140° F.
9. Nambuonu	Not known	Swampy	140° F. (probably).
10. Tambia	Abundant	Soil-cap	180° F.
11. Vandrani	None	Old river-bed	100° F.
12. Na Kama, Wailevu	Probably little	Agglomerates and tuffs	194°-204° F.
13. Vunimoli	None	Foramini ferous clay-rock	140° F. 155° F.
14. Mbati-ni-kama	In fair quantity	Volcanic agglomerate	161° F.
15. Nandongo	None	Clay	97° F.
16. Natuvo	None	Reef-flat and swampy ground	131° F. 136° F.
17. Ndaku-ndaku	None	Reef-flat	Not known.
18. Navakaravi	None	Soil-cap	133° F.
19. Vunisawana	Not known	Soil-cap	Not known.
20. Ndreke-ni-wai	None	Old reef-patch	130°-135° F.
21. Waikatakata	None	Rises beneath a boulder of basalt	148° F.
22. Ndevo	Not known	Probably the reef-flat	Not known.
23. Navuni	Little or none	Volcanic agglomerate	112°-113° F.

Summary of the previous remarks on the hot springs of Vanua Levu.

(1) Hot springs have been recorded from 23 localities, but there are probably many undiscovered or forgotten.

(2) They are distributed over much of the island; but have not been observed in the Mbua or Western end and in the Undu extremity east of Lambasa and Lakemba.

(3) They are confined to the areas of basic rocks and are not known in the districts of dacites and other acid andesites or in those of quartz-porphyry and trachyte.

(4) They are always found at low elevations, never exceeding 300 feet.

(5) Whilst more than half are situated along river and stream courses, nearly all the remainder lie between the tide-marks.