| Species.[[5]] | Origin. | Distribution. | Characters of fruit or seed. | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indigenous. | Introduced. | Old World. | New Worlds. | Both Worlds. | Size.[[6]] | Buoyancy. | Attract frugivorous birds. | |||||
| By aborigines in ancient times. | By Europeans soon after discovery. | Large. | Small. | Float for months. | Sink at once or in a few days. | |||||||
| Acacia Farnesiana | ... | ... | + | ... | ... | + | ... | + | weeks | ... | ? | |
| Cæsalpinia Bonducella | + | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | ... | + | ... | + | ... | |
| Calophyllum inophyllum | ... | + | ... | + | ... | ... | + | ... | + | ... | ... | |
| Cassytha filiformis | + | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | ... | + | + | ... | + | |
| Colubrina asiatica | + | ... | ... | + | ... | ... | ... | + | + | ... | ... | |
| Cordia subcordata | ... | + | ... | + | ... | ... | ... | + | + | ... | ... | |
| E | Cuscuta sandwichiana | + | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | ... | + | ... |
| Cocos nucifera | ... | + | ... | ... | ... | + | + | ... | + | ... | ... | |
| P | Gossypium tomentosum | + | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | ... | + | ... |
| P | Heliotropium anomalum | + | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | ... | + | ... |
| Heliotropium curassavicum | + | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | ... | + | ... | + | ... | |
| Herpestis Monnieria | + | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | ... | + | ... | + | ... | |
| Hibiscus tiliaceus | ... | + | ... | ... | ... | + | ... | + | + | ... | ... | |
| Ipomœa glaberrima | + | ... | ... | + | ... | ... | ... | + | + | ... | ... | |
| Ipomœa pes capræ | + | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | ... | + | + | ... | ... | |
| E | Jacquemontia sandwicensis | + | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | ... | + | ... |
| E | Lipochæta integrifolia | + | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | ... | + | ... |
| Morinda citrifolia | ... | + | ... | + | ... | ... | ... | + | + | ... | ? | |
| Mucuna gigantea | + | ... | ... | + | ... | ... | + | ... | + | ... | ... | |
| Pandanus odoratissimus | ... | + | ... | + | ... | ... | + | ... | + | ... | ... | |
| Portulaca oleracea | ... | + | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | ... | + | ... | |
| Scævola Kœnigii | + | ... | ... | + | ... | + | ... | + | + | ... | + | |
| Sesuvium Portulacastrum | + | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | ... | + | ... | |
| Tacca pinnatifida | ... | + | ... | + | ... | + | ... | + | + | ... | ... | |
| Tephrosia piscatoria | + | ... | ... | + | ... | ... | ... | + | ... | + | ... | |
| Terminalia Katappa | ... | ... | + | + | ... | ... | + | ... | + | ... | ... | |
| Thespesia populnea | ... | + | ... | + | ... | ... | ... | + | + | ... | ... | |
| Tribulus cistoides | + | ... | ... | ... | + | ... | ... | + | ... | + | ... | |
| Vigna lutea | + | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | ... | + | + | ... | ... | |
| Vitex trifolia | + | ... | ... | + | ... | ... | ... | + | + | ... | + | |
| Species.[[5]] | Origin. | Distribution. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indigenous. | Introduced. | Old World. | New Worlds. | Both Worlds. | |||
| By aborigines in ancient times. | By Europeans soon after discovery. | ||||||
| Acacia Farnesiana | ... | ... | + | ... | ... | + | |
| Cæsalpinia Bonducella | + | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | |
| Calophyllum inophyllum | ... | + | ... | + | ... | ... | |
| Cassytha filiformis | + | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | |
| Colubrina asiatica | + | ... | ... | + | ... | ... | |
| Cordia subcordata | ... | + | ... | + | ... | ... | |
| E | Cuscuta sandwichiana | + | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Cocos nucifera | ... | + | ... | ... | ... | + | |
| P | Gossypium tomentosum | + | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| P | Heliotropium anomalum | + | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Heliotropium curassavicum | + | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | |
| Herpestis Monnieria | + | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | |
| Hibiscus tiliaceus | ... | + | ... | ... | ... | + | |
| Ipomœa glaberrima | + | ... | ... | + | ... | ... | |
| Ipomœa pes capræ | + | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | |
| E | Jacquemontia sandwicensis | + | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| E | Lipochæta integrifolia | + | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| Morinda citrifolia | ... | + | ... | + | ... | ... | |
| Mucuna gigantea | + | ... | ... | + | ... | ... | |
| Pandanus odoratissimus | ... | + | ... | + | ... | ... | |
| Portulaca oleracea | ... | + | ... | ... | ... | ... | |
| Scævola Kœnigii | + | ... | ... | + | ... | + | |
| Sesuvium Portulacastrum | + | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | |
| Tacca pinnatifida | ... | + | ... | + | ... | + | |
| Tephrosia piscatoria | + | ... | ... | + | ... | ... | |
| Terminalia Katappa | ... | ... | + | + | ... | ... | |
| Thespesia populnea | ... | + | ... | + | ... | ... | |
| Tribulus cistoides | + | ... | ... | ... | + | ... | |
| Vigna lutea | + | ... | ... | ... | ... | + | |
| Vitex trifolia | + | ... | ... | + | ... | ... | |
| Species.[[5]] | Characters of fruit or seed. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Size.[[6]] | Buoyancy. | Attract frugivorous birds. | ||||
| Large. | Small. | Float for months. | Sink at once or in a few days. | |||
| Acacia Farnesiana | ... | + | weeks | ... | ? | |
| Cæsalpinia Bonducella | ... | + | ... | + | ... | |
| Calophyllum inophyllum | + | ... | + | ... | ... | |
| Cassytha filiformis | ... | + | + | ... | + | |
| Colubrina asiatica | ... | + | + | ... | ... | |
| Cordia subcordata | ... | + | + | ... | ... | |
| E | Cuscuta sandwichiana | ... | + | ... | + | ... |
| Cocos nucifera | + | ... | + | ... | ... | |
| P | Gossypium tomentosum | ... | + | ... | + | ... |
| P | Heliotropium anomalum | ... | + | ... | + | ... |
| Heliotropium curassavicum | ... | + | ... | + | ... | |
| Herpestis Monnieria | ... | + | ... | + | ... | |
| Hibiscus tiliaceus | ... | + | + | ... | ... | |
| Ipomœa glaberrima | ... | + | + | ... | ... | |
| Ipomœa pes capræ | ... | + | + | ... | ... | |
| E | Jacquemontia sandwicensis | ... | + | ... | + | ... |
| E | Lipochæta integrifolia | ... | + | ... | + | ... |
| Morinda citrifolia | ... | + | + | ... | ? | |
| Mucuna gigantea | + | ... | + | ... | ... | |
| Pandanus odoratissimus | + | ... | + | ... | ... | |
| Portulaca oleracea | ... | + | ... | + | ... | |
| Scævola Kœnigii | ... | + | + | ... | + | |
| Sesuvium Portulacastrum | ... | + | ... | + | ... | |
| Tacca pinnatifida | ... | + | + | ... | ... | |
| Tephrosia piscatoria | ... | + | ... | + | ... | |
| Terminalia Katappa | + | ... | + | ... | ... | |
| Thespesia populnea | ... | + | + | ... | ... | |
| Tribulus cistoides | ... | + | ... | + | ... | |
| Vigna lutea | ... | + | + | ... | ... | |
| Vitex trifolia | ... | + | + | ... | + | |
[5]. There are three endemic species here included which are preceded by E. Two species preceded by P are confined to Polynesia. Most of the plants are at present typically littoral, though often also occurring inland.
[6]. All fruits or seeds, an inch or over in size, that could not have been transported to Hawaii by birds are regarded as large.
NOTE 29 (page [54])
Botanical Notes on the Coast-plants of the Hawaiian Islands
[The following remarks have been extracted from my journals and represent some of the field-notes of journeys made in the more interesting localities.]
(1) Walk along the Puna Coast, Hawaii, from Punaluu to Hilo (Dec. 26, 1896, to Jan. 6, 1897).—For the first two to three miles to Kamehame Point, the following plants were noticed on the flows of smooth ropy lava that formed the cliff-bound coast—Capparis sandwichiana, Jacquemontia sandwicensis, Ipomœa insularis, Lipochæta lavarum, Portulaca villosa, Tephrosia piscatoria, Tribulus cistoides, Waltheria americana, &c. Beyond this point Scævola Kœnigii was abundant in places on the old lava-flows near the sea, and further on patches of Myoporum sandwicense growing, not as a tree 20 to 30 feet high, as in the mountains, but as a prostrate shrub with fleshy leaves. Vegetation similar to that above described occurred on the surface of the old lava-flows that constituted the cliff-bound sea-border as far as Kapapala Bay. On the sandy beach at Kapapala Bay grew Ipomœa pes capræ, serving as host to Cuscuta sandwichiana. In the vicinity of the house at Keauhou there were a few Coco palms and Pandanus trees, whilst Capparis sandwichiana and Morinda citrifolia were growing on the adjacent lava-fields.
Morinda citrifolia and Tephrosia piscatoria grew on the lava flows between Keauhou and Apua. On the beach at Apua, Ipomœa pes capræ and Scævola Kœnigii were abundant, the last extending a few hundred yards inland on the lava. Further east the inland bush, made up of Cyathodes tameiameiæ, Metrosideros polymorpha, &c., descended to the coast to within a few hundred yards of the sea. In crossing the lava coast plains to Kapa-ahu I observed Morinda citrifolia growing frequently out of the cracks in the bare lava-rock, and an occasional solitary tree of Erythrina monosperma growing also from the fissures.
Before reaching Kapa-ahu we passed the site of an old coast village, named Laepuki, where there were growing from forty to fifty Coco-nut palms, as well as another village, represented by a solitary house, and named Kamomoa, where there were 27 Coco-nut palms and a few Pandanus trees. Kapa-ahu, with its numerous Coco-nut palms, was more like a South Sea coast village than any before seen; and the coast vegetation suddenly acquired a South Pacific character.