Pages [468-473]
CHAPTER XXXII
THE WEST COAST OF SOUTH AMERICA
The littoral floras of the West Coast of South America.—The Convolvulus soldanella zone of Southern Chile.—The plantless or desert zone of Northern Chile.—The Sesuvium zone of Peru.—The Mangrove zone of Ecuador and Colombia.—The two varieties of Rhizophora mangle, the “mangle chico” and the “mangle grande.”—The floating vegetable drift of the Guayaquil River.—The Humboldt current and the climate of the West Coast of South America.—The advance northward of the arid climatic conditions of the Peruvian sea-border.—The retreat of the mangroves.—Evidence of ancient coral reefs on the coast of Peru.—The shore plants and stranded seed-drift of the Panama Isthmus.—Summary.
Pages [474-501]
CHAPTER XXXIII
SEED-DISPERSAL AND GEOLOGICAL TIME
The shifting of the source of Polynesian plants from the New to the Old World.—The floral history of Polynesia stated in terms of geological time.—The suspension of the agencies of dispersal in later periods.—Parallel differentiation in the course of ages of climate, bird, and plant.—New Zealand.—Insects and bats as agents in plant-dispersal.—The effective agency of sea-birds in other regions.—The observations of Ekstam.—The Spitzbergen controversy.—The efficacy of ducks as distributors of aquatic plants.—Summary
Pages [502-514]
CHAPTER XXXIV