History of Ancient Pottery: Greek, Etruscan, and Roman. Volume 2 (of 2)

by H. B. Walters; Samuel Birch

CONTENTS OF VOLUME II

	Page
CONTENTS OF VOLUME II	[v]
LIST OF PLATES IN VOLUME II	[ix]
LIST OF TEXT-ILLUSTRATIONS IN VOLUME II	[xi]
PART III
THE SUBJECTS ON GREEK VASES
–
CHAPTER XII
INTRODUCTORY—THE OLYMPIAN DEITIES
Figured vases in ancient literature—Mythology and art—Relation of subjects on vases to literature—Homeric and dramatic themes and their treatment—Interpretation and classification of subjects—The Olympian deities—The Gigantomachia—The birth of Athena and other Olympian subjects—Zeus and kindred subjects—Hera—Poseidon and marine deities—The Eleusinian deities—Apollo and Artemis—Hephaistos, Athena, and Ares—Aphrodite and Eros—Hermes and Hestia	[1–53]
CHAPTER XIII
DIONYSOS AND MISCELLANEOUS DEITIES
Dionysos and his associates—Ariadne, Maenads, and Satyrs—Names of Satyrs and Maenads—The Nether World—General representations and isolated subjects—Charon, Erinnyes, Hekate, and Thanatos—Cosmogonic deities—Gaia and Pandora—Prometheus and Atlas—Iris and Hebe—Personifications—Sun, Moon, Stars, and Dawn—Winds—Cities and countries—The Muses—Victory—Abstract ideas—Descriptive names	[54–92]
CHAPTER XIV
HEROIC LEGENDS
Kastor and Polydeukes—Herakles and his twelve labours—Other contests—Relations with deities—Apotheosis—Theseus and his labours—Later scenes of his life—Perseus—Pelops and Bellerophon—Jason and the Argonauts—Theban legends—The Trojan cycle—Peleus and Thetis—The Judgment of Paris—Stories of Telephos and Troilos—Scenes from the Iliad—The death of Achilles and the Fall of Troy—The Odyssey—The Oresteia—Attic and other legends—Orpheus and the Amazons—Monsters—Historical and literary subjects	[93–153]
CHAPTER XV
SUBJECTS FROM ORDINARY LIFE
Religious subjects—Sacrifices—Funeral scenes—The Drama and burlesques—Athletics—Sport and games—Musical scenes—Trades and occupations—Daily life of women—Wedding scenes—Military and naval subjects—Orientals and Barbarians—Banquets and revels—Miscellaneous subjects—Animals	[154–186]
CHAPTER XVI
DETAILS OF TYPES, ARRANGEMENT, AND ORNAMENTATION
Distinctions of types—Costume and attributes of individual deities— Personifications—Heroes—Monsters—Personages in everyday life—Armour and shield-devices—Dress and ornaments—Physiognomical expression on vases—Landscape and architecture—Arrangement of subjects—Ornamental patterns—Maeander, circles, and other geometrical patterns—Floral patterns—Lotos and palmettes—Treatment of ornamentation in different fabrics	[187–235]
CHAPTER XVII
INSCRIPTIONS ON GREEK VASES
Importance of inscriptions on vases—Incised inscriptions—Names and prices incised underneath vases—Owners’ names and dedications—Painted inscriptions—Early Greek alphabets—Painted inscriptions on early vases—Corinthian, Ionic, Boeotian, and Chalcidian inscriptions—Inscriptions on Athenian vases—Dialect—Artists’ signatures—Inscriptions relating to the subjects—Exclamations—Καλός-names—The Attic alphabet and orthography—Chronology of Attic inscriptions—South Italian vases with inscriptions	[236–278]
PART IV
ITALIAN POTTERY
CHAPTER XVIII
ETRUSCAN AND SOUTH ITALIAN POTTERY
Early Italian civilisation—Origin of Etruscans—Terramare civilisation—Villanuova period—Pit-tombs—Hut-urns—Trench-tombs—Relief-wares and painted vases from Cervetri—Chamber-tombs—Polledrara ware—Bucchero ware—Canopic jars—Imitations of Greek vases—Etruscan inscriptions—Sculpture in terracotta—Architectural decoration—Sarcophagi—Local pottery of Southern Italy—Messapian and Peucetian fabrics	[279–329]
CHAPTER XIX
TERRACOTTA IN ROMAN ARCHITECTURE AND SCULPTURE
Clay in Roman architecture—Use of bricks—Methods of construction—Tiles—Ornamental antefixae—Flue-tiles—Other uses—Inscriptions on bricks and tiles—Military tiles—Mural reliefs—List of subjects—Roman sculpture in terracotta—Statuettes—Uses at Rome—Types and subjects—Gaulish terracottas—Potters and centres of fabric—Subjects—Miscellaneous uses of terracotta—Money-boxes—Coin-moulds	[330–392]
CHAPTER XX
ROMAN LAMPS
Introduction of lamps at Rome—Sites where found—Principal parts of lamps—Purposes for which used—Superstitious and other uses—Chronological account of forms—Technical processes—Subjects—Deities—Mythological and literary subjects—Genre subjects and animals—Inscriptions on lamps—Names of potters and their distribution—Centres of manufacture	[393–429]
CHAPTER XXI
ROMAN POTTERY: TECHNICAL PROCESSES, SHAPES, AND USES
Introductory—Geographical and historical limits—Clay and glaze—Technical processes—Stamps and moulds—Barbotine and other methods—Kilns found in Britain, Gaul, and Germany—Use of earthenware among the Romans—Echea—Dolia and Amphorae—Inscriptions on amphorae—Cadus, Ampulla, and Lagena—Drinking-cups—Dishes—Sacrificial vases—Identification of names	[430–473]
CHAPTER XXII
ROMAN POTTERY, HISTORICALLY TREATED; ARRETINE WARE
Roman Pottery mentioned by ancient writers—“Samian” ware—Centres of fabric—The pottery of Arretium—Characteristics—Potters’ stamps—Shapes of Arretine vases—Sources of inspiration for decoration—“Italian Megarian bowls”—Subjects—Distribution of Arretine wares	[474–496]
CHAPTER XXIII
ROMAN POTTERY (continued); PROVINCIAL FABRICS
Distribution of Roman pottery in Europe—Transition from Arretine to provincial wares—Terra sigillata—Shapes and centres of fabric—Subjects—Potters’ stamps—Vases with barbotine decoration—The fabrics of Gaul—St. Rémy—Graufesenque—“Marbled” vases—Vases with inscriptions (Banassac)—Lezoux—Vases with medallions (Southern Gaul)—Fabrics of Germany—Terra sigillata in Britain—Castor ware—Upchurch and New Forest wares—Plain pottery—Mortaria—Conclusion	[497–555]
INDEX	[557]

LIST OF PLATES IN VOLUME II

(Except where otherwise noted, the objects are in

the British Museum)

PLATE
XLIX.	Attic black-figured hydria: Harnessing of horses to chariot (colours)	[Frontispiece]
TO FACE PAGE
L.	Contest of Athena and Poseidon: vase at Petersburg (from Baumeister)	[24]
LI.	Kotyle by Hieron: Triptolemos at Eleusis	[26]
LII.	The Under-world, from an Apulian vase at Munich (from Furtwaengler and Reichhold)	[66]
LIII.	Helios and Stars (the Blacas krater)	[78]
LIV.	The Sack of Troy: kylix by Brygos in Louvre (from Furtwaengler and Reichhold)	[134]
LV.	Scenes from funeral lekythi (Prothesis and cult of tomb)	[158]
LVI.	Early Etruscan red ware	[300]
LVII.	Etruscan hut-urn and Bucchero ware	[302]
LVIII.	Etruscan imitations of Greek vases	[308]
LIX.	Etruscan antefix and sarcophagus	[316]
LX.	Sarcophagus of Seianti Thanunia	[322]
LXI.	Roman mural reliefs: Zeus and Dionysos	[366]
LXII.	Roman mural reliefs: Theseus; priestesses	[370]
LXIII.	Roman lamps (1st century B.C.)	[402]
LXIV.	Roman lamps: mythological and literary subjects	[412]
LXV.	Roman lamps: miscellaneous subjects	[416]
LXVI.	Moulds and stamp of Arretine ware	[492]
LXVII.	Gaulish pottery (Graufesenque fabric)	[520]
LXVIII.	Gaulish pottery from Britain (Lezoux fabric)	[526]
LXIX.	Romano-British and Gaulish pottery	[544]

LIST OF TEXT-ILLUSTRATIONS IN VOLUME II

FIG.			PAGE
111.	Gigantomachia, from Ionic vase in Louvre	Mon. dell’ Inst.	[13]
112.	Poseidon and Polybotes, from kylix in Berlin	Gerhard	[14]
113.	The birth of Athena	Brit. Mus.	[16]
114.	Hermes slaying Argos (vase at Vienna)	Wiener Vorl.	[20]
115.	Poseidon and Amphitrite (Corinthian pinax)	Ant. Denkm.	[23]
116.	Apollo, Artemis, and Leto	Mon. dell’ Inst.	[30]
117.	Aphrodite and her following (vase at Athens)	Ἐφ. Ἀρχ.	[43]
118.	Eros with kottabos-stand	Brit. Mus.	[48]
119.	Hermes with Apollo’s oxen (in the Vatican)	Baumeister	[51]
120.	Dionysos with Satyrs and Maenads (Pamphaios hydria)	Brit. Mus.	[59]
121.	Maenad in frenzy (cup at Munich)	Baumeister	[63]
122.	Charon’s bark (lekythos at Munich)	Baumeister	[70]
123.	Thanatos and Hypnos with body of warrior	Brit. Mus.	[71]
124.	Nike sacrificing bull	Brit. Mus.	[88]
125.	Herakles and the Nemean lion	Brit. Mus.	[96]
126.	Herakles bringing the boar to Eurystheus	Brit. Mus.	[97]
127.	Apotheosis of Herakles (vase at Palermo)	Arch. Zeit.	[107]
128.	Peleus seizing Thetis	Brit. Mus.	[121]
129.	Judgment of Paris (Hieron cup in Berlin)	Wiener Vorl.	[122]
130.	Capture of Dolon	Brit. Mus.	[129]
131.	Pentheus slain by Maenads	Brit. Mus.	[142]
132.	Kroisos on the funeral pyre (Louvre)	Baumeister	[150]
133.	Alkaios and Sappho (Munich)	Baumeister	[152]
134.	Scene from a farce	Brit. Mus.	[161]
135.	Athletes engaged in the Pentathlon	Brit. Mus.	[163]
136.	Agricultural scenes (Nikosthenes cup in Berlin)	Baumeister	[170]
137.	Warrior arming; archers (Euthymides amphora in Munich)	Hoppin	[176]
138.	Banqueters playing kottabos	Brit. Mus.	[181]
139.	Maeander or embattled pattern		[212]
140.	Maeander (Attic)		[212]
141.	Maeander (Ionic)		[212]
142.	Maeander and star pattern		[212]
143.	Maeander (Attic, 5th century)		[213]
144.	Maeander (Attic, about 480 B.C.)		[213]
145.	Net-pattern		[215]
146.	Chequer-pattern		[216]
147.	Tangent-circles		[216]
148.	Spirals under handles (Exekias)		[217]
149.	Wave-pattern (South Italy)		[218]
150.	Scale-pattern (Daphnae)		[218]
151.	Guilloche or plait-band (Euphorbos pinax)		[219]
152.	Tongue-pattern		[219]
153.	Egg-pattern		[220]
154.	Leaf- or chain-pattern		[221]
155.	Ivy-wreath (black-figure period)		[222]
156.	Ivy-wreath (South Italian)		[222]
157.	Laurel-wreath (South Italian)		[223]
158.	Vallisneria spiralis (Mycenaean)		[224]
159.	Lotos-flower (Cypriote)		[224]
160.	Lotos-flowers and buds (Rhodian)	Riegl	[225]
161.	Palmette-and lotos-pattern (early B.F.)		[225]
162.	Lotos-buds (Attic B.F.)		[226]
163.	Chain of palmettes and lotos (early B.F.)		[226]
164.	Palmettes and lotos under handles (Attic B.F.)		[227]
165.	Palmette on neck of red-bodied amphorae		[228]
166.	Enclosed palmettes (R.F. period)		[228]
167.	Oblique palmettes (late R.F.)		[229]
168.	Palmette under handles (South Italian)		[230]
169.	Rosette (Rhodian)		[231]
170.	Rosette (Apulian)		[231]
171.	Facsimile of inscription on Tataie lekythos	Brit. Mus.	[242]
172.	Facsimile of Dipylon inscription	Ath. Mitth.	[243]
173.	Scheme of alphabets on Greek vases		[248]
174.	Facsimile of inscription on Corinthian pinax	Roehl	[251]
175.	Facsimile of signatures on François vase	Furtwaengler and Reichhold	[257]
176.	Facsimile of signature of Nikias	Brit. Mus.	[259]
177.	Figure with inscribed scroll (fragment at Oxford)		[264]
178.	Etruscan tomb with cinerary urn	Ann. dell’ Inst.	[285]
179.	Villanuova cinerary urns from Corneto	Notizie	[286]
180.	Painted pithos from Cervetri in Louvre	Gaz. Arch.	[293]
181.	Canopic jar in bronze-plated chair	Mus. Ital.	[305]
182.	Etruscan alphabet, from a vase	Dennis	[312]
183.	Terracotta sarcophagus in Brit. Mus.	Dennis	[318]
184.	Painted terracotta slab in Louvre	Dennis	[319]
185.	Askos of local Apulian fabric	Brit. Mus.	[326]
186.	Krater of “Peucetian” fabric	Notizie	[328]
187.	Concrete wall at Rome	Middleton	[338]
188.	Concrete wall faced with brick	Middleton	[339]
189.	Concrete arch faced with brick	Middleton	[339]
190.	Diagram of Roman wall-construction	Blümner	[340]
191.	Roman terracotta antefix	Brit. Mus.	[343]
192.	Method of heating in Baths of Caracalla	Middleton	[347]
193.	Flue-tile with ornamental patterns		[348]
194.	Stamped Roman tile	Brit. Mus.	[354]
195.	Inscribed tile in Guildhall Museum		[359]
196.	Inscribed tile from London		[363]
197.	Mask with name of potter	Brit. Mus.	[377]
198.	Gaulish figure of Aphrodite	Blanchet	[383]
199.	Gaulish figure of Epona	Blanchet	[386]
200.	Terracotta money-box	Jahrbuch	[390]
201.	Terracotta coin-mould	Daremberg and Saglio	[392]
202.	Lamp from the Esquiline	Ann. dell Inst.	[399]
203.	“Delphiniform” lamp		[399]
204.	Lamp with volute-nozzle		[400]
205.	Lamp with pointed nozzle		[400]
206.	Lamp with grooved nozzle		[401]
207.	Lamp with plain nozzle		[401]
208.	Lamp with heart-shaped nozzle		[402]
209.	Mould for lamp	Brit. Mus.	[405]
210.	Lamp with signature of Fortis	Brit. Mus.	[424]
211.	Stamps used by Roman potters		[440]
212.	Roman kiln at Heddernheim	Ann. dell’ Inst.	[444]
213.	Kiln found at Castor		[447]
214.	Plan of kiln at Heiligenberg	Daremberg and Saglio	[450]
215.	Section of ditto	Daremberg and Saglio	[450]
216.	Ampulla	Brit. Mus.	[466]
217.	Lagena from France		[467]
218.	Arretine bowl in Boston: death of Phaëthon	Philologus	[484]
219.	Arretine krater with Seasons	Brit. Mus.	[488]
220.	“Italian Megarian” bowl	Brit. Mus.	[491]
221.	Gaulish bowl of Form 29		[500]
222.	Gaulish bowl of Form 30		[501]
223.	Gaulish bowl of Form 37		[502]
224.	Vase of St.-Rémy fabric	Déchelette	[517]
225.	Vase of Aco, inscribed	Déchelette	[518]
226.	Vase of Banassac fabric from Pompeii	Mus. Borb.	[525]
227.	Medallion from vase of Southern Gaul: scene from the Cycnus	Brit. Mus.	[531]
228.	Medallion from vase: Atalanta and Hippomedon	Gaz. Arch.	[532]
229.	Jar from Germany, inscribed	Brit. Mus.	[537]
230.	Roman mortarium from Ribchester	Brit. Mus.	[551]

PART III
THE SUBJECTS ON GREEK VASES

CHAPTER XII
INTRODUCTORY—THE OLYMPIAN DEITIES