But this is only the less important, though necessary, part of the training of the modern motorman. What is really needed is that some school should teach manners on the road and the habits of traffic,—in short, train its men for the road. There should also be problems of difficult but ordinary situations in traffic set in a written examination, the correct solution of which should be obligatory before the motorman could be said to be property trained. It is not, perhaps, easy to see at first how this sort of instruction can be given on the present scale of fees, but the schools in the future, which devote a large part of their attention to teaching the rules of the road and its customs and courtesies will assuredly turn out the best class of drivers, who will be in the greatest demand.
To begin with, the habits of horse-drawn vehicles should be studied. It is a liberal education to take a journey, for instance, on the top of a Fifth Avenue motor bus and watch the way in which the driver drives his unwieldly vehicle through the streets of New York. Other bus drivers also are rapidly becoming his equal, and let it be acknowledged that nothing but the hard school of practical, every-day experience in New York City streets, assisted by police supervision and the fear of dismissal for carelessness or accident, could produce such able drivers.
Again, the expert taxicab driver might be taken as an example of a faster class of motor traffic. The would-be first-class motorman when being trained would thus have the experience of horse vehicles and pedestrians, and have noted carefully what usually happens and have tried to understand their point of view. This is one of the first steps which should be taken in training the driver of the swift mechanical vehicle. Then example might be given of the proper way to drive cars around corners, both right-handed and left-handed, and the best manner of the ascending and surmounting steep gradients or negotiating high bridges. Driving at night should also be practiced, and prospective drivers should learn to distinguish the faint glow on the road ahead which designates the presence of a motorcycle and other signs denoting persons or vehicles. Map reading should also be a part of his instruction.
And there is yet one other thing which the motor-driving school should inculcate, though it could not technically teach the motorman—that is, good manners to his employer and his employer’s friends. To be rough and rude is a disgrace to any class, and it is the mark of a man who is either not certain of himself or is afflicted with an innate bad temper. It is not, and never can be, a sign of superiority. A respectful and civil attitude not only makes the path of life easier, but is in itself a strong recommendation. Little things which do not at first seem to matter, and are merely more in the nature of courtesy than servile attentions, should be observed. A civil salute when the owner first addresses the motorman, the readiness to help in any little matter, such as carrying a bag to the station, or the thought of a rug to cover the lap, and similar little courtesies, are the sign of the man who, if considerate in these little matters, is likely to be considerate in others more important. It also establishes him firmly in the estimation of his employer.
To sum up, the perfect motorman, though he should possess as much knowledge of mechanics as possible, should, above all, be a considerate driver, well versed in the manners and courtesies of the road and the habits of traffic. And in addition, he should try to be well mannered, as more and more motor-car owners are becoming convinced that, besides knowledge, “Manners maketh the Motorman.”
INDEX
- A
- Accelerate while clutch is being engaged, [168]
- Accelerator, lubrication of, [41]
- Accelerator pedal, [20];
- what it does, where placed, [160]
- Accessories, electric, cause trouble, [282]
- Air in tires, plenty of, before leaving garage, [308]
- Alcohol, in freeze-proof solution, how much to use, [192]
- Alignment, why wheels are not set in perfect, [101], [102], [103]
- Ammeter, [20], [109];
- needle erratic, cause of, [283]
- Anti-freezing solution, [164], [165];
- necessary in winter, [191];
- best to use, [193];
- home-made, cheapest and just as efficient, [193];
- composition of, depends on temperature, [193];
- sometimes wise to replace with hot water to start engine, [194]
- Armature, increasing speed of, [117]
- Armature winding, trouble in, [277]
- Asphalt, dried, how to remove from car, [241]
- Asphyxiation from gasoline fumes, [225];
- how to avoid, [226]
- Automobile, value of, what it depends on, [4];
- schools, [7];
- half knowledge of, an obstacle, [8];
- description and essentials of, [12];
- how to pull out when stuck, [86];
- steering compared with steering of boats of different types, [102];
- setting of wheels compared with bicycle, [105];
- will steer with broken tie rod, [106];
- how to start with engine running, [166];
- how to stop, [168];
- how to reverse, [169];
- cleaning of, [175], [236];
- may be kept in commission in many cold places the year round, [191];
- any modern make, if kept in good condition will climb worst hill, [229];
- to prepare for a tour, [244];
- trouble hunting must be systematic, [272];
- trouble, best way to find, [273];
- not a fad, [301]
- Automobile body, how to care for gloss of, [242]
- Automobile fires, causes of, [214]
- Auxiliary air valve, adjust for high speeds, [309]
- Axle, rear, description, [13];
- forward, description and location, [14]
- Axle shaft, rear, wind felt around, to keep oil away from brake lining, [96]
- B
- Back-firing, cause of fires, [214];
- how to prevent, [220]
- Bands, brake, how arranged, [97]
- Batteries, two should be carried, [157]
- Battery, [15];
- source of current, [10];
- necessity of first testing, [109], [114];
- ignition, [120];
- be sure it is sufficiently charged before leaving garage, [157];
- must be filled oftener in hot weather, [206];
- packed around with waste, sometimes causes fire, [217];
- test before touring, [248];
- inspect, in case of trouble, [276];
- rules for care of, [312];
- indications and causes of a discharged, [313]
- Battery and coil ignition system, [15]
- Battery to magneto, switch from, [309]
- Battery trouble, [123];
- more difficult to keep charged in winter, [123];
- instance of starving battery, [124], [125];
- must not be overcharged, [125];
- less efficiency in cold weather, [126];
- now furnishes all current used, [126];
- sediment in, [126];
- can be charged overnight, [127];
- former battery “don’ts,” [127];
- average life of battery, [128]
- Bearings, crank, [17];
- lubrication of wheel, [43];
- definition, different types, [149];
- of engine, form and construction, how oiled, [150];
- of ignition system, form and lubrication, [152];
- carburetor and throttle, [152], [153];
- spark-control, starter, [153];
- steering-gear, transmission propeller shaft, [154];
- other, [155];
- need additional care in summer, [208];
- loose, cause knocking, [258];
- tight, cause knocking, [259];
- grit in, due to loss of hub cap, [270]
- Belts fan, troubles, how to care for, [200]
- Bicycle, setting of wheel compared with automobile, [105]
- Boats of different types, steering of, compared with steering of automobile, [102]
- Bolts, dropped from cars, [268];
- absence of, cause squeaks, [269];
- examination of, [269];
- brake-linkage, [271];
- dust-pan, [271];
- must know location of, [271];
- tighten, once a month, [271]
- Bottle, rubber hot-water, for heating carburetor, [194]
- Brake, use of engine as a, [95], [234], [247];
- running, when needed, how operated, [158];
- emergency, its use, how operated, [159], [308]
- Brake bands, how arranged, [97]
- Brake drums, description and location, [14], [15];
- how injured, [98];
- keep free from oil, [247]
- Brake-lever, emergency, [20], [159];
- lubrication of, [41]
- Brake lining, can be ruined, [95];
- oil on, its cause, the results, how to prevent, [96];
- wears thin, [98];
- when necessary to replace, [98];
- rivets of, [98];
- how to save, [247]
- Brake linkage, [15], [97];
- bolts, [271]
- Brake mechanism, oiling of, important, [97]
- Brake pedal, [20]
- Brake rods, worn, cause clattering, [264]
- Brakes, affect tires, [72];
- badly or unevenly adjusted, cause skidding, [80], [88];
- more important than the engine, manufacturers constantly improving, [93];
- must be continually watched, [94];
- other means of braking, [95];
- use of, on hills, [95], [172], [173];
- oil in lining, what causes it, how to prevent it, [96], [97];
- lubrication necessary, [97];
- failure of lining, [98];
- hand and foot, [98], [99];
- adjustment of both, for best effect, [99];
- inspect both sets before touring, [246];
- use two sets alternately, [247]
- Brass, remove corrosion from, with cleaning compound, [239];
- how to keep from corrosion, [239]
- Breaker points cause trouble, [292]
- Bulbs, electric light, extra set, [31]
- Bursting of radiator, pipes, and water-jacket prevented by proper freeze-proof solution, [193]
- C
- Cam, loose, causes knocking, [259];
- follower guide causes knocking, [259];
- shafts to adjust, [309]
- Cams, worm, cause knocking, [259]
- Carbon, on valves, [67];
- secondary current absorbed by, [119];
- acts as a condenser, [119];
- short circuits spark plug, [120];
- in engine causes over-heating, [202];
- remove, before touring, [247];
- causes knocking, [251];
- reduces size of combustion chamber, [252];
- bits of, in unusual places, cause trouble, [272];
- on valve seats, [274]
- Carbon dioxide, in gasoline fumes, [224];
- monoxide, in gasoline fumes, [224]
- Carbonic acid gas, in gasoline fumes, [224]
- Carburetor, location, [15];
- what it does, [23];
- float, [23];
- adjustment to limit gasoline supply, [47];
- affected by weather, [53];
- varieties of, [55];
- test for, [56];
- adjustment of, [56], [57];
- poor adjustment of, [68];
- bearings, [152];
- priming, [166];
- works worst in cold weather, [185];
- manufacturers constantly improving efficiency of, [185], [186];
- desired which will vaporize heavy gasoline in cold weather, [186];
- stove and water-jacket both needed for cold weather, [186];
- will work better if hot air is first introduced, [187];
- “stove” put out by many manufacturers, [187];
- with water-jacketed mixing chamber, [187];
- devices for heating, [194];
- hot weather treatment, [206];
- inspect in case of trouble, [275];
- how to adjust a, [309];
- learn construction before attempting to adjust, [309]
- Caster effect of inclined knuckle pins, [105]
- Castor oil for harsh-gripping clutch, [310]
- Cautions, miscellaneous important, [176]
- Chains, cross, [82];
- non-skid, how to adjust, [81], [82];
- often drop links, [270]
- Chain tool, convenience of, [29]
- Chamber, combustion, [17]
- Chamois skin, [52], [241]
- Charge, of gasoline and air, [17];
- in combustion chamber, how fired and when, [22]
- Chart, Y. M. C. A., general trouble, [279]
- Chassis, construction of, [13];
- position of, [13];
- how to clean, [239]
- “Chauffeur,” real meaning “stoker,” [320]
- Chauffeurs, faults of, [6];
- must now have technical electrical knowledge, [282], [283], [284];
- show generally an increase
- in neatness and cleanliness and improvement in manners, [321]
- Choke, or priming device, [162]
- Circuit, breaker, [16];
- complete necessary, [108];
- secondary, gap in, [112];
- secondary, heavy insulation absorbs current, [119]
- Clattering caused by worn brake rods, [264]
- Cleaning car, [175], [236];
- cleaner it is kept, longer it will run satisfactorily, [236];
- oil and grease should be removed from outside of engine, [237], [238];
- from wire terminals and spark plugs, [238];
- from cylinders, remove corrosion from brass, [239];
- keep iron parts from rusting, [239];
- fan, fan belt, pulleys, and casings, [239];
- chassis and parts under car, [239];
- how to make a “creeper” to lie on while working under car, [240];
- cleaning the body with hose and water, [240];
- drying with chamois and cloth, [241];
- how to remove dried mud and asphalt, [241];
- do not use soap, [241];
- use running water if possible, [242];
- preparations for renewing varnished surface, [242];
- cleaning and treatment of the top, [242];
- keep car covered in garage, [242];
- slip covers, [243];
- fumes from stable or barnyard will dull varnish, [243];
- barn used for garage should be renovated, [243]
- Clearance between valve stems, and push rods causes trouble, [290]
- Click caused by rear driving shaft, instance of, [262]
- Climbing hills, [171]
- Clogging of muffler, [145], [146]
- Cloth, use of, in cleaning car, [241]
- Clutch, cone, [18];
- multiple disc, [18];
- location of, [18];
- pedal, [20];
- lever lubrication of, [41];
- affects tires, [71];
- where placed, its purpose, how it works, [158];
- how to use with accelerator pedal, [168];
- use in hill-climbing, [172];
- engage gradually, [177];
- expanding, instance connected with, [289];
- rules for care of, [310]
- Clutch pedal, where placed, [158]
- Cold weather, starting, in, [184]
- Combustion, [67]
- Combustion chamber, [17];
- charge in, how fired and when, [22];
- oil in, [48], [49];
- reduced in size by carbon, [252]
- Commutators, driver must know how to sandpaper, [282];
- and to undercut the insulation of, [283];
- sparking at the, [283]
- Complications on car, increase comfort, but add to worries, [284]
- Compression, how maintained, [24];
- absence of, [53];
- test before touring, [248];
- too high, causes knocking, [251], [260];
- necessary to start engine, [273];
- tests in case of trouble, [273];
- when it occurs, [274]
- Compression chamber, instance of stopping knocking by increasing size, [252]
- Compression stroke, [17]
- Condenser, may need examination, [121]
- Cone clutch, [18]
- Congested streets, driving in, [173]
- Connecting rod, [17], [68];
- bearing, causes knock, [256], [258]
- Connection, loose, results of, [283]
- Connector, battery, [276]
- Conveniences, added, have made more trouble, [280], [281]
- Cooling, principle of, [15];
- different system, [15]
- Corners, how to turn, [170]
- Cotter pins, supply to all nuts before touring, [248];
- lost in street, [268];
- absence of, causes squeaks, [269]
- Courtesy in motoring, [317];
- more noticeable in the West than in the East, [318];
- absence of, in ill-bred drivers, [319];
- speech by Hon. Francis M. Hugo, general requirements and desirable qualities of men who are trusted to run automobiles on the public roads, [319]
- Covers for radiator, [195]
- Crank, [17];
- where placed and carried, [157];
- missing, instance of, [287]
- Crank bearings, [17]
- Crank case, [16];
- water in, [68];
- to be drained, cleaned, and refilled before touring, [245]
- Crank-pin bearings cause knocking, [258]
- Crank shaft, revolutions in complete cycle, [17];
- bearing causes knocking, [258];
- bent, causes knocking, [259]
- Crank the engine, how to, [166]
- Cranking engine, no use when switch is off, [285];
- five things to do before, [308];
- three things to do after, [309]
- Creeper, to lie on in working under car, how to make, [240]
- Crossings, railway, extra care necessary, [180]
- Crown of the road causes slipping, [90]
- Current, electric, course of, [108];
- break in, order of tests to find, [109];
- more used in starting in winter, [126]
- Cut-out, object, [144];
- now prohibited and unnecessary, [145];
- sometimes causes fires when opened in garage, [216]
- Cut-out, reverse current, [283]
- Cuts in tires, [70]
- Cycle of the engine, number of strokes, [17]
- Cylinders, [16];
- importance of testing, [24];
- size of, in relation to air taken in, [47];
- proper power from each, [61];
- worn oval, [67];
- water in, [68];
- outside kept free from oil and grease, [238];
- raised by fiber gasket, [252];
- loose on base, causes knock, [256];
- worn causes knocking, [259];
- loose due to lost washers or pins, [270];
- test for compression, [274]
- D
- Dashboard, wires and pipes, dials and gauges and switches on, [284]
- Death from gasoline fumes, [224];
- how to avoid, [226]
- Descending hills, use of engine as a brake, [172]
- Differential, location and purpose of, [13];
- housing, [13];
- rules for care of, [311]
- Disc clutch, multiple, [18]
- Distance between cars, necessary to keep enough, [87]
- Distributor, [16];
- dirty, causes knocking, [260];
- examine in case of trouble, [276]
- Doors of garage left open when engine is running, [227]
- Drivers must look out for pedestrians, [296]
- Drive shaft, [19]
- Driving, [156];
- in congested streets, [173]
- Drums, brake, description and location, [14], [15];
- how injured, [98];
- keep free from oil, [247]
- Dry cells may be carried while touring, [248]
- Dust pan, parts drop into, [269]
- E
- Electric, bulbs, extra set needed while touring, [249];
- lights and accessories cause trouble, [282]
- Electrical, equipment, [108];
- trouble, tests for, [109];
- systems, knowledge of, necessary to operate and care for a modern car, [282], [283], [284]
- Electricity, static, causes fires, [217]
- Electrolite, replenish with water, [312]
- Electrolitic action set up by salt in freeze-proof solution, [192]
- Emergencies, be prepared for, with proper tools, [27]
- Emergency brake, lever, [20], [159];
- to be set, [308]
- Engine, three things necessary to start, [10], [273];
- three things necessary to keep running, [10], [21];
- location of, [15];
- description of, [16];
- cycle, number of strokes in, [17];
- power in, how secured, [22];
- use of, as a brake, [95], [172], [234];
- gap in secondary circuit helps to start, [112];
- skips at low speeds, [116];
- missing at high and low speeds, how to overcome, [116], [117];
- bearings, [150];
- how to start, [165];
- to prevent stalling, [167];
- speed of, learn to judge by sound, [167];
- stalls on a hill, what to do if, [172];
- missing due to cold weather, [184];
- higher temperature to the boiling point of water, best for efficiency, [189], [197];
- efficiency of, improved by covering radiator when running against the wind, [190];
- two things necessary to operate in winter, [191];
- freeze-proof solution, what to use, [191];
- priming in cold weather, [194];
- to start, sometimes necessary to substitute hot water for anti-freezing solution, [194];
- runs better in winter when fan is disconnected, [195];
- radiator cover necessary in cold weather, [195];
- overheating in summer causes trouble, [197];
- knocking at high speed, [198];
- overheats when driven at high speed with spark retarded, [198];
- overheating caused by sediment in radiator, [199];
- overheating caused by careless stretching of hose, [201];
- overheating rarely caused by pump, [201];
- keep free from carbon to prevent overheating, [202];
- will climb worst hills, if kept in good condition, [229];
- remove oil and grease from outside, [237], [238];
- remove carbon before touring, [247];
- knocks from too high compression caused by carbon, [251];
- knocking stopped by raising cylinder, [252];
- loose on frame, causes knocking, [259];
- loose, due to lost washers or pins, [270];
- oil and water necessary to keep running, [273];
- conditions existing in case of trouble, [273];
- stalled on crossing, instance of, [287];
- five things to do before cranking, [308]
- Engine oil, for multiple disc clutch, [311]
- Equipment, which may be purchased separately, [24];
- electrical, [108];
- extra, to be carried on car, [157]
- Exhaust, steam from, in cold weather, [50]
- Exhaust pipe, [15];
- may set fire to car, [215], [216];
- fumes from, cause death, [224];
- how to prevent, [226];
- composition of fumes, [226]
- Exhaust stroke, [17]
- Exhaust valves, sticking, cause knock, [257];
- carbon in, [274]
- Expansion of charge, [17]
- Expense of upkeep, [73]
- Explosion, none, from gasoline, [222]
- Extinguisher, fire, necessary, [218];
- dry and liquid, [223];
- carry while touring, [249]
- F
- Fan, disconnect in cold weather, [195];
- formed by spokes of fly-wheel, [200];
- collects dust, [239];
- causes knocking, [260]
- Fan belts, troubles of, how to care for, [200];
- collects dust, [239];
- coupling, causes knocking, [259]
- Fan blades cause knocking, [259]
- Feed systems, gravity, pressure, and vacuum, [163]
- Felt, use of, to prevent oil on brake linings, [96]
- Fence rail as jack, [30]
- File, interrupter point, [28]
- Fire, causes of, [214], [215], [216], [217], [218], [221];
- extinguisher necessary, [218];
- don’t run away from, stay and fight hard, [220];
- to put out, use sand, salt, or patent extinguisher, [222];
- carry extinguisher while touring, [249]
- First-aid kit, [32]
- Five things to do before cranking engine, [308]
- Float in carburetor, [23]
- Fly wheel, [17];
- spokes of, forming fan, [200];
- loose, causes knocking, [259];
- out of balance, causes knocking, [259]
- Force, how produced in a gasoline engine, [17]
- Force-feed lubrication, [16]
- Four things to do before leaving garage, [308]
- Freeze-proof solution, for engine, [191];
- composition of, depends on temperature, [192];
- best to use, [193];
- home-made, cheapest and just as efficient, [193];
- sometimes wise to replace, with hot water to start engine, [194]
- Fresh-air problem, solution of, [301]
- Fuel supply systems, [16];
- tank, [16]
- Fuller’s earth for slipping clutch, [310]
- Fumes of gasoline cause death, [224];
- chemical changes, composition of, [224], [226];
- heavier than air, [225];
- how to avoid, [226];
- intoxication from, [227], [228]
- Fumes from stable or barnyard affect polished auto bodies, [243]
- “Furnace,” hot-air for warming air before it enters carburetor, [187]
- Fuse, [109];
- substitute for, in horn, [113]
- G
- Gap in secondary circuit, [112]
- Garage doors, leave open while engine is running, [227]
- Garage, what to do before leaving, [157], [308];
- opening near floor for escape of gasoline fumes, [227]
- Gaskets, intake manifold, [53];
- dented or jammed, [64];
- under cylinders increase size of compression chamber, and stop knocking, [253], [254]
- Gas knock, [257]
- Gasoline, and air, charge of, [17];
- under what conditions it explodes, [21];
- proportion of vapor to air to produce good combustion, [21];
- causes of excessive use of, [46];
- adjustment of carburetor to limit supply of, [47];
- needs oxygen for complete consumption, [47];
- water in, [52];
- strainer for, [52];
- different qualities of, [55];
- cost of, [58];
- economy of, [61], [62], [63];
- loss through leaking, [65];
- excess of, indicated by black smoke, [68];
- affects tires, [72];
- examine supply before leaving garage, [157];
- feed systems, [163];
- teakettle and dishrag method of vaporizing, [184], [188], [194];
- volatility of, decreasing, [185];
- present supply has higher heat-producing quality when vaporized, but heavier, harder to vaporize in cold weather, [186];
- heat necessary to change from liquid to vapor, [186], [187];
- stove makes vaporization easier, [187];
- when vaporized, sometimes condenses again in cold engine, [187];
- stove and water jacket both needed in cold weather, [188];
- vaporizes properly in a warm garage, some condenses in cold air, [188];
- unnecessary amount used by retarded spark, [198];
- less required in hot weather than in cold, [206];
- in drip-pan, cause of fire, [215];
- burns, does not explode under normal conditions, [221];
- will not explode unless vaporized, [222];
- fire, how to put out, [222];
- fumes, of, cause death, [224];
- chemical changes, composition of fumes of, [224-226];
- fumes of, heavier than air, [225];
- how to avoid fumes of, [226];
- intoxication from fumes of, [227], [228];
- loosens up grease and oil in cleaning car, [238];
- carry extra supply when touring, [246];
- necessary to start engine, [273];
- inspect, in case of trouble, [275];
- used for slipping clutch, [310]
- Gasoline tank, where placed, how gasoline supply is maintained, [162];
- examine in case of trouble, [275]
- Gas-pipe, carbon in, [272]
- Gear, low-speed, as a brake, [95];
- high-speed, run on as much as possible, [168];
- always turn corners on second speed, [171]
- Gear casings, collect dust, [239];
- refill before touring, [245]
- Gear shifting, [137];
- necessary for proper adjustment of load to speed, [138];
- noiseless shifting desirable, [138];
- how best to shift from first to second, and second to third, [139];
- how best to shift from third to second, and second to first, [139], [140];
- when to go back to second, to first, [140];
- don’t shift too soon, [140];
- in hill climbing, [140];
- how to make a silent shift on a hill, [141];
- what makes gears grind, [141];
- how to avoid a noisy shift to first on starting, [141];
- on hills, [229];
- on an up grade, [231];
- starting up hill, [231];
- which gear is best to use, [232];
- avoid straining car by careful choice of gears, [232], [233];
- gears to use descending hills, [233], [234];
- no speeding on hills, perfect control of car necessary, [234]
- Gear-shifting lever, where placed, how operated, [159];
- how to move, when stuck in neutral, [168];
- place in neutral, [308]
- Gear-shifting pedals, [20]
- Gears, purpose of, [18], [131];
- trouble comes in the shifting gears, not in the transmission, [130];
- grinding or clashing detrimental, [131], [141];
- diagram and explanation of three-speed gears, [131];
- to start, [133];
- to increase speed, [133], [134];
- to decrease speed, [135];
- to reverse, [136];
- care necessary, [136];
- use of, in hill-climbing, [171];
- examine before touring, [245]
- Generator, [16];
- must not overcharge battery, [125];
- adjustable for summer and winter, [127]
- Glycerin in freeze-proof solution, [192]
- Gravity fuel supply, [16], [163]
- Grease, [61];
- affects tires, [72];
- heavier quality needed in summer, [207];
- carry extra supply when touring, [246]
- Grease cups, turn down, before leaving garage, [157], [311], [312]
- Greasing car, rules for, [311], [312]
- Grinding and clashing of gears, [131], [141]
- Ground connections, [110]
- Ground wire, loose, [114]
- Guides, valve push-rod, enclosed in housings, [44];
- lubrication of, [44]
- H
- Headlight trouble, [114]
- Heat, much, necessary for vaporization of gasoline, [186], [189]
- High-speed gear, run on, as much as possible, [168]
- High-tension magneto system, [15]
- Hill-climbing, how to shift gears, [140], [141];
- use of throttle, spark, and gears, [171];
- what to do if engine stalls, [172];
- use of clutch, [172];
- blowing horn when, [297]
- Hills, descending, use of engine as a brake, [172];
- use of brakes on, [173];
- the steepest can be made by any modern car which is in good condition, [229]
- Horn blowing, [292];
- how it has arisen, [295];
- much of it unnecessary, [296];
- blowing not necessary after others have seen you, [297];
- while passing and turning, [297];
- on hills, [297];
- when others are passing, [298]
- Horn trouble, [113], [284]
- Hose, careless stretching of, causes overheating, [201];
- defective, causes knocking, [260]
- Hose and water, how to use in cleaning car, [240]
- Hot weather, over-inflation of tire, instance of, [203];
- expands air in tires, giving greater pressure, [204]
- Housings, differential, [13];
- for valve push-rod guides, [44]
- Hub of rear wheel needs inspection when keyed to shaft, [43]
- Hub caps, loss of, allows grit to get into bearings, [270]
- Hugo, Hon. Francis M., speech by, [319]
- Hydro-carbon in burning gasoline, [224]
- Hydrometer, [109];
- rules for readings, [313]
- I
- Ignition, switch, [20];
- magneto, [116];
- battery, [120];
- prevented by short-circuiting due to carbon, [120];
- switch, where placed, its use, how operated [162];
- use of, when braking with engine, on hills, [173];
- wrongly timed, causes knocking, [260];
- inspect in case of trouble, [276]
- Ignition system, kinds, [15];
- work of, [24];
- bearings, [152];
- requires many changes of spark lever, [198];
- test before touring, [248];
- rules for locating trouble in, [314]
- Inflation, tire, under, [60];
- increased by hot weather, [204];
- lower pressure needed in hot weather, [205];
- proper degree of, [211], [212]
- Inlet valve, [17];
- trouble in, [274]
- Inspect, don’t expect, [285]
- Instruction book, manufacturer’s, importance of fully mastering, [1], [269]
- Instructions, importance of following, [8], [9]
- Insulation, heavy, on secondary wires absorbs current, [119]
- Insurance premium lower when extinguisher is carried, [218]
- Intake manifold, [16];
- gaskets, [53];
- leaky, [63];
- loose, [64]
- Intake valve, [52]
- Interrupter point file, [28]
- Interrupter points, adjusting, to overcome engine missing at high or low speed, [116];
- cleaning of, [121];
- carbon in, [272];
- inspect in case of trouble, [276]
- Iron, angle, used in chassis, [13]
- Iron parts, how to keep from rusting, [239]
- J
- Jack, importance of handle, [30];
- use of fence-rail as a, [30]
- Jerking, how to overcome, [167]
- Jet, low speed, clogged, [291]
- Joints, universal, [19], [40]
- K
- Kerosene, can be used for cleaning out the sump, [37];
- loosens up grease and oil, [238];
- for cleaning car, [241];
- for multiple disc clutch, [311]
- Kit, first-aid, [32]
- Knocking, of engine, [198];
- prevented by removal of carbon, [247];
- too high compression, [251];
- caused by cam-shaft gear, sticking exhaust valves, [257];
- stopped by increasing size of compression chamber, [252];
- many causes for, [255];
- some need immediate attention, some do not, [256];
- loose connecting rod bearing, loose cylinder,
- lack of lubrication, spark advanced too far, short circuit, [256];
- not caused by lean mixture, or over-advanced spark, [258];
- caused by mechanical looseness due to improper adjustment or wear, [258];
- by faulty ignition, [259];
- by faulty carburetion, [260];
- by faulty lubrication, [260];
- by overheating of engine, [260];
- by faulty compression, [260]
- Knocks in the chassis, [262]
- Knuckle-pins, how kept in place and relieved of weight, [104];
- inclined fore and aft, [105]
- Knuckles, steering, [14], [40]
- L
- Lamps, [109], [110]
- Leaks of oil and gasoline, sources of, [65]
- Lever, spark timing, [19];
- emergency brake, [20];
- throttle,
- [19], [20], [161];
- clutch, lubrication of, [41];
- gear shifting, [159];
- emergency brake, [159];
- spark control, [161], [198]
- Lighting switch, [20], [109]
- Lighting system, rules for locating troubles in, [314]
- Lights dim, what makes the, [283]
- Linings, brake, can be ruined, [95];
- oil on, [96];
- wear thin, [98];
- when necessary to replace, [98]
- Linkage, brake, [15], [97]
- Links, loose cross, how to fasten, [271]
- Linseed oil, use of, in cleaning car, [241]
- Lubrication, systems, [16];
- why needed, [33];
- most common system, [34];
- troubles, [35];
- necessity of frequent inspection, [36];
- needed in many minor places, [39];
- steering knuckles, [40];
- universal joint, [40];
- clutch and brake levers, self-starter and accelerator, [41];
- spring shackles, [42];
- wheel bearings, [43];
- spring leaves, valve push-rod guides, overhead valves, [44];
- of brakes important, [97];
- system how made and supplied, its care, [164];
- in cold weather, [195];
- proper oil necessary, [195];
- heavier grease needed in summer, [207];
- inspect before touring, [246];
- time table, [312]
- Lubricants, poor, cause knocking, [260]
- M
- Magnetic field, distortion of, [117]
- Magneto, high-tension, systems, [15];
- ignition, [116];
- manipulation of spark lever when using, [198];
- coupling causes knocking, [259];
- trouble,
- instance of, [291];
- rules for timing, [310]
- Manifold, intake, [16];
- leaky, [63];
- loose, [64]
- “Mechanicien” French term for driver of a car, [321]
- Mechanics, careless, [269]
- Misfiring, [63]
- Mixing chamber, [23]
- Mixture, [17];
- rich and lean, [21];
- proper, [56];
- thin, [63], [66];
- weak, [64];
- anti-freezing, [164], [165];
- warming device, necessary in winter, [186];
- too rich or too lean calls attention to other parts which are causing knocking, [258]
- Motor, [see] Engine
- Motor, starting, [see] Self-starter
- Motorist, absent-mindedness in—bad habit, [285], [286], [287]
- Motoring, future of, depends upon behavior of motorists toward the public, [320]
- “Motorman” best term for driver of an automobile, [321]
- Mud, dried, how to remove from car, [241]
- Muffler, purpose of, [15];
- often neglected or misused, [143];
- its uses, and advantages, [143], [144];
- original object of the cut-out, [144];
- cut-out now prohibited and unnecessary, [145];
- needs careful attention, [145];
- clogging prevents escape of gases, and brings loss of power, [145], [146];
- instance of bad effect of clogging, [146];
- usually no provision made for inspection, [147];
- kerosene clogs, [147];
- special information sometimes necessary, [148]
- Multiple disc clutch, [18]
- N
- Neatsfoot oil for harsh gripping clutch, [310], [311], [312]
- Needle valve, [52], [63], [276];
- adjust at low speed, [309]
- Nitrogen in gasoline fumes, [224]
- Noise, in the chassis, [262];
- from torque rod, from worn brake rods, from worn spring-shackle bolts, [264];
- from worn steering knuckle-pins, [265];
- from tools and accessories, [265];
- from broken gear teeth and other parts, [265]
- Non-skid, tires, [81], [84], [85];
- chains, [81], [82];
- devices, which to use under various conditions, [85];
- chains often drop links, [270]
- Nuts, tighten before touring, [248];
- absence of, cause squeaks, [269];
- examination of, [269];
- must know location of, [271]
- O
- Oil, effect of absence of, in lubrication, [36];
- things which wear it out and make necessary to replace, [36], [37];
- how often to drain out, [37];
- things which affect its lubricating value, [37];
- in the combustion chamber, [48];
- how to prevent, [49];
- waste of, through leakage, [65];
- affects tires, [72], [165];
- on the brake lining, cause, results, how to prevent, [96];
- examine supply of, before leaving garage, [157], [308];
- proper, necessary for cold weather, [195];
- take car maker’s advice, [196];
- on fan belts, [200];
- remove from exterior of engine, [238];
- carry reserve supply when touring, [246];
- lack of, causes knocking, [260];
- excess of, causes knocking, [260];
- necessary to keep engine running, [273]
- Oil feed sight, [20]
- Oil level, how to correct when too high, [49]
- Oil pump, [34], [35]
- Oil the car, when to, [311], [312]
- Oiled roads dangerous, [90];
- necessary to take at low speed, [92];
- during summer season, [207]
- Outlet valves, [22]
- Overheating, caused by sediment in radiator, [199];
- rarely caused by pump, [201];
- caused by careless stretching of hose, [201];
- caused by carbon in engine, [202]
- Over-inflation of tire, in hot weather, instance of, [203];
- makes riding uncomfortable, [211]
- Owner, originality, initiative, and ingenuity of, important, [9];
- should learn how to do many things himself, [202]
- P
- Pail, folding, [29]
- Parts dropped in streets, [268], [269];
- lost, puncture tires, [270]
- Passengers, drive for the comfort of, [169]
- Passing others, blowing horn while, [297], [298]
- Pedals, gear-shifting, [20];
- starting, [20], [158], [288];
- brake, [20], [158];
- clutch, [20], [158];
- accelerator, [20], [160], [168];
- reverse, [95]
- Pedestrians have right of way everywhere, [296]
- “Pep,” [56]
- Petcocks, [274]
- Pin, tie rod, [270]
- Pipe, exhaust, [15];
- exhaust, may set fire to car, [215], [216];
- attach to exhaust in garage, to lead fumes to outer air, [227]
- Pipe lines, clogged, cause knocking, [260]
- Pipes, leaky supply, [65];
- to prevent bursting of, [193]
- Piston head, hole punched in, by valve head, [274]
- Piston rings, [16];
- grooving and drilling to release surplus oil, [49];
- leaky, [53], [54];
- to prevent working around, [67];
- loose, cause knocking, [259];
- carbon in, [272]
- Pistons, [16];
- too small, cause knocking, [259]
- Pliers, carry while touring, [249]
- Plug, spark, [17];
- cracks or porosity in, [119];
- carry extra set while touring, [249];
- to test in case of trouble, [277]
- Policemen, don’t run away from, [10]
- Power, stroke, [17];
- how connected to wheels, [18];
- how secured in engine, [22];
- necessity of pressure to get, [22];
- proper, from each cylinder, [61]
- Pre-ignition, caused by increase of pressure in combustion chamber, [252];
- causes knocking, [260]
- Premium on fire insurance lower when extinguishers carried, [218]
- Pressure, necessity of, for power, [22];
- on tires increases in hot weather, [204];
- on tires test for increase in, in hot weather, [210];
- proper for tires, [211], [212];
- in combustion chamber, [251]
- Pressure fuel system, [16], [163]
- Priming, how done, [163];
- in cold weather, [194]
- Propeller-shaft bearings, [154]
- Pump, oil, [34], [35];
- overheating rarely caused by, [200];
- parts of, cause knocking, [260]
- Pump type of cooling system, [15]
- Puncture caused by lost parts, [270]
- Push-rod adjustment causes knocking, [259]
- Push-rods, clearance between valve stems and, causes trouble, [290]
- R
- Radiator, location of, [15];
- examine, before leaving garage, [157];
- sediment in, [164], [199];
- to remedy discharge of steam from, [165];
- adjustable device to regulate admittance of air, [189];
- covers, [189], [195];
- cover partly or wholly in cold weather, [188], [189];
- if covered, improved efficiency of engine, [190];
- bursting of, to prevent, [193];
- water boiling in, [198];
- clogged, causes knocking, [260]
- Radius rods, [13]
- Railway crossings, extra care necessary, [180]
- Rattles, causes of, [269]
- Reverse the car, how to, [169]
- Reverse pedal, use of, as a brake, [95]
- Reversing, shifting of gears in, [136]
- Rings, piston, [16], [49], [53], [54], [67]
- Rivets of brake lining, [98]
- Road rules, of Y. M. C. A., [156];
- local, must be obeyed, [173]
- Roads, oiled, dangerous, [90];
- necessary to take at low speed, [92];
- generally sprinkled or oiled during summer season, [207]
- Roads, signs along, importance of, [90];
- parts found along, [269]
- Roadway, crown of the, causes slipping, [87], [90]
- Rod, radius, [13];
- torque, [13], [264];
- tie, [14], [101], [106], [107];
- connecting, [17], [68]
- Rotary motion, how obtained, [17]
- Rubber hose decomposed by glycerin in freeze-proof solution, [192]
- Rules, importance of following, [8], [9], [10];
- miscellaneous, [308]
- Running brake, [158]
- S
- Safety devices, best necessary, [89]
- Salt in freeze-proof solution, [192]
- Schools, automobile, manufacturers’ for purchasers, [3], [7];
- danger of being taught at inefficient or fraudulent institutions, [324]
- Screws, absence of, causes squeaks, [269]
- Secondary current absorbed by carbon, [119]
- Sediment, in battery causing short-circuit, [126];
- in radiator, [164], [199]
- Self-starter, pedal, [20];
- lubrication of, [41];
- types of, [128];
- bearings, [153]
- Service stations, [7]
- Shaft, crank, [17];
- drive, [19];
- rear, in driving causes click, [262]
- Shifting gears, [133];
- on hills, [229];
- on an up grade, [231];
- starting uphill, [231];
- choice of gears, [232];
- avoid straining car, [232], [233];
- descending hills, [233], [234]
- Short circuiting, causes fires, [217];
- causes knocking, [259]
- Shut-off valve, [275]
- Sight oil feed, [20]
- Signs along the road, importance of, [90]
- Skidding, [76];
- effects of, on car, [77];
- in winter, [77];
- turning corners, [78];
- rear wheel, how to stop, [79];
- street-car tracks, [80];
- uneven brakes, [86], [88];
- unequal distribution of weight, [81];
- best prevented by care, [82], [83];
- due mostly to excessive speed, [86];
- caused by crown of road, [87];
- by turning corners at high speed, by sharp turn of steering-wheel, [87];
- stopped by turning steering-wheel, [88]
- Skipping sometimes overcome by enriching the mixture, [190]
- Smoke, its sources, [46];
- remedies, [47], [48], [49];
- how to tell from what it comes, [50];
- black, [68]
- Soap, not to be used on polished surfaces of car, [241]
- Spark, [17];
- why advanced and retarded and how, [23];
- intensity of, increased by gap in secondary circuit, [112];
- has more kick, [116];
- very weak, perhaps caused by condenser, [121];
- use of, in hill-climbing, [171];
- retarded, uses unnecessary gasoline, and overheats engine, [198];
- greatly retarded indirectly causes fires, [216];
- retard to prevent knocking on hills, [231];
- over advanced does not cause knocking, [258];
- too late causes knocking, [259];
- at right time, necessary to start engine, [273];
- test for in case of trouble, [276];
- fully retarded, [308];
- advance two-thirds, [309]
- Spark-control bearings, [153]
- Spark lever, [19], [161], [198]
- Spark plugs, [17];
- widening gaps of, to prevent engine missing, [117];
- insulating surface inside cylinder, [118];
- cracks in, insulation, [119];
- testing of, [120];
- short-circuited by carbon, [120];
- keep free from oil and grease, [238];
- carry when touring, [249];
- points of, cause knocking, [259], [260];
- carbon between points of, [272];
- how to test in case of trouble, [277]
- Sparking at commutator, [283]
- Sparks from commutators cause fires, [221]
- Speed, how to shift gears in increasing or decreasing, [133], [134], [135];
- of engine, learn to judge by sound, [167];
- running at extreme, cause of fires, [215]
- Speeds, number of, in gears, [18]
- Spindles, [14]
- Splash lubrication, [16];
- pan, [34]
- Sponge, use of, in cleaning car, [240]
- Spray nozzle, [275]
- Spray valve, [63]
- Spring leaves, lubrication of, [44]
- Spring repair attachments, [248]
- Spring-shackle bolts sometimes make noise, [264]
- Spring shackles, lubrication of, [42]
- Springs, examine before touring, [248]
- Squeaks, causes of, [269]
- Stalling engine, how caused, [167];
- what to do, on a hill, [172]
- Starter, switch, trouble in, [280];
- a great convenience, but a source of trouble, [281], [282];
- pedal sticking, instance of, [288];
- makes automobile available to women, [302]
- Starting, motor, [16];
- pedal, [20], [158];
- systems, types, [128];
- crank, [157];
- engine, three things necessary, [273]
- Steam, from exhaust in cold weather, [50];
- to remedy discharge from radiator, [165]
- Steering, of automobile compared with steering of different type of boats, [102];
- with broken tie rod, [106], [107]
- Steering gear, out of true, [71];
- bearings, [154]
- Steering knuckles, [14];
- lubrication in, [40]
- Steering-shaft, worm on, [19]
- Steering tie rod, [101]
- Steering wheel, [19], [162]
- Stop, how to, [168]
- Storage battery, [15]
- Stove, supplied by many manufacturers to heat air before it enters carburetor, [187];
- may be dispensed with in hot weather, [206]
- Strain, how taken off knuckle pins, [104]
- Streets, how to turn in narrow, [169];
- driving in congested, [173]
- Strokes, suction, compression, power, and exhaust, [17]
- Suburbs of any city, the place for automobiling, [303]
- Suction stroke of engine, [17]
- Sump, [34]
- Supply pipes, leaky, [65]
- Switch, lighting, [20], [109];
- ignition, [20], [162];
- self-starter, trouble in, [280];
- thrown to battery position, [308]
- System, importance of, in locating trouble, [9];
- a process of elimination, [273]
- Systems, cooling, kinds, [15];
- ignition, kinds, [15];
- lubrication, kinds, [16];
- fuel supply, kinds, [16], [163]
- T
- Talc French, for slipping clutch, [310]
- Tank, fuel supply, [16];
- gasoline, [162];
- water, [164]
- Tape, tire, carry, while touring, [249]
- Temperature, high, to the boiling point of water, but for efficiency of engine, [189]
- Terminals, electric, testing of, [109]
- Tests for electrical troubles, examples of, [109]
- Thermo-syphon type of cooling system, [15]
- Things to do, four before leaving garage, [308];
- five, before cranking engine, [308];
- three after cranking, [309]
- Throttle, purpose, [23];
- use of, in hill-climbing, [171];
- open, in starting, [308];
- close, till engine idles, [309]
- Throttle bearings, [153]
- Throttle lever, its use, where placed, how operated, [19], [20], [161]
- Tie rod, must not be bent, [14], [101];
- broken, [106], [107]
- Tie rod pin, [270]
- Timing, correct, [24]
- Timing gears, to adjust, [309]
- Timing gear teeth cause knocking, [259]
- Timing, ignition, wrong, causes knocking, [260]
- Tire pressure, tests of increase due to running in hot weather, [210]
- Tire repair materials, carry, while touring, [249]
- Tire-valve tool, [30]
- Tires, purpose and location, [19];
- abuse of, [59], [60];
- deterioration of, [69];
- cuts in, [70];
- affected by steering gear, [71];
- by clutch, [71];
- by brakes, [72];
- by oil, grease, gasoline, and wet weather, [72];
- general cost of, [73];
- storing, in winter, [74];
- porosity of, [75];
- keep clean, [75];
- non-skid, [81], [84], [85], [86];
- examine, before leaving garage, [157];
- how to care for, [165];
- expand in hot weather, [204];
- pressure test of, after hot weather running, [205];
- under-inflation and over-inflation, [205];
- inflated too hard make riding uncomfortable, [211];
- weakened from any cause blow-out quicker, [211];
- proper pressure for, [211], [212];
- extra, carry on car, [249];
- puncture caused by lost parts, [270]
- Tool for tire valves, [30]
- Tools, furnished with car, [26];
- for emergencies, [27];
- too many better than too few, [27];
- additional, desirable, [28];
- to be carried on car, [157]
- Tops, how to clean and care for, [242]
- Torque rod, [13];
- causes knocks, [264]
- Touring, what to do before, [244];
- refill gear case, [245];
- examine gears, [245];
- drain, clean, and refill crank case, [245];
- attend to lubrication, [246];
- carry extra oil, grease and gasoline on car, [246];
- examine brakes, [246];
- keep brake drums free from oil, [247];
- have carbon removed, [247];
- tighten nuts and inspect all parts, [248];
- test compression, grind in valves, inspect ignition system, recharge battery, dry cells should be carried, examine springs, [248];
- things which should be carried, [249]
- Tow rope, [31];
- fastened to post and rear wheel, [86];
- carry while touring, [249]
- Traffic, driving in, [173];
- rules give pedestrian right of way, [296];
- rules should be taught by auto schools, [325]
- Transmission, [130];
- rules for care of, [311]
- Transmission gear bearings, [154]
- Trolley crossings, extra care necessary, [182]
- Trouble, hunting must be systematic, [272];
- a process of elimination, [273];
- the first thing to do, [273];
- indications when engine turns over easily or hard, [273];
- compression tests, [273], [274];
- exhaust valves, [274];
- inlet valve, [274];
- inspect gasoline, [275];
- inspect carburetor, [275];
- inspect ignition system, [276]; [277], [314];
- chart, Y. M. C. A., [279];
- in the self-starter switch, [280];
- caused by added conveniences, [280], [281];
- necessary to almost dismantle complex types of engines, [281];
- made by starter, [281], [282];
- made by electric lights and accessories, [282];
- by complicated electric systems and wiring, [282], [283], [284]
- Tubes, how to keep, [73];
- carry extra while touring, [249]
- Turn buckle, [14]
- Turn, in narrow streets, how to, [169];
- corners, how to, [170]
- Turning, blowing horn when, [297]
- U
- Universal joints, [19], [40]
- Upholstery, protect with slip covers, [243]
- V
- Vacuum fuel supply, [16], [164]
- Valve head, punches hole in piston head, [274]
- Valve push-rod guides enclosed in housings, [44];
- lubrication of, [44]
- Valve-stems, clearance between push rods and, causes trouble, [290]
- Valve, needle, [52], [63], [276], [309];
- spray, [63];
- sticking causes knocking, [259];
- auxiliary air, [275], [309];
- shut off, [275]
- Valves inlet, [17], [22];
- outlet, [22];
- overhead, lubrication of, [44];
- leaky, [54], [66];
- carbonized, [67], [272], [274];
- exhaust, [257];
- inlet, [274]
- Vaporization of gasoline absorbs much heat, [187];
- best in cold weather when stove and water jacket are both used, [188]
- Velocipede, setting of wheel compared with automobile, [105]
- Vibration, effects of, [65]
- Voltmeter, [109]
- W
- Washers, supply to all nuts before touring, [248];
- absence of, causes squeaks, [269];
- lock, [270]
- Washing automobile, what to use, how to do it, [175]
- Waste, carry on car, [30];
- packed around battery has caused fires, [217]
- Water, in cylinder and crank case, [68];
- where placed, its care, [164];
- boiling in radiator, [198];
- evaporates from battery quicker in hot weather, [206];
- of no use in fighting gasoline fires, [222];
- running, should be used in cleaning car whenever possible, [242];
- needed, [273];
- take on before leaving garage, [308]
- Water jacket, on mixing chamber of gasoline, [187];
- to prevent bursting of, [193]
- Wet weather affects tires, [72]
- Wheel, fly, [17];
- steering, [19], [162]
- Wheels, how front are made to converge and undergather, [14];
- how power is connected to, [18];
- why not parallel, [101], [102], [103];
- set to undergather, [104];
- setting of, compared with bicycle, [105]
- Wheel bearings, lubrication of, [43]
- Wind sometimes cools the engine too much when traveling against, [190]
- Wire, spool of, [31];
- extra wire for additional device, [111];
- carry while touring, [249];
- to fasten cross link, [271]
- Wire gauze, [52]
- Wire terminals, keep free from oil and grease, [238]
- Wires to plugs, inspect, in case of trouble, [277]
- Wiring diagram, knowledge of, important, [115]
- Wobbling, tendency to overcome by converging of wheels, [103]
- Women as drivers, [300];
- Eastern and Western compared, [302];
- as apt as men at mastering details, [303];
- at Y. M. C. A. Auto School, [303];
- all types, pupils, [304];
- take cars apart and assemble them, [305];
- road instruction for, [306];
- have the main qualities needed for drivers, [307];
- taking up the auto seriously, [307]
- Wood, block of, to put under jack, [30]
- Worm on steering shaft, [19]
- Wrist pin, out of line or loose, causes knocking, [259]
- Y
- Yokes, [14]
- Y. M. C. A. Automobile School, road rules, [56];
- general trouble chart, [279];
- women as pupils, [303]
Transcriber’s Notes:
The spelling, hyphenation, punctuation and accentuation are as the original, except for apparent typographical errors which have been corrected.