| AUTOMOBILE FIRST-AID KIT. | |
|---|---|
| 1. | Wrench for adjusting ignition interrupter points. |
| 2. | File for cleaning above points. |
| 3. | One set of ignition brushes. (In box labeled.) |
| 4. | Several extra spark plugs, cleaned and adjusted ready to use. |
| 5. | Tow rope. |
| 6. | Half-dozen valve plungers for inner tubes. |
| 7. | Three-in-one tire-valve tool. |
| 8. | Tire pressure gauge. |
| 9. | Jack and handle. (Be sure about the handle.) |
| 10. | Squirt can full of oil. |
| 11. | Voltmeter, or hydrometer, for testing battery. |
| 12. | Box of assorted nuts. |
| 13. | Box of assorted cotter pins. |
| 14. | Box of assorted cap screws. |
| 15. | Box of assorted washers. |
| 16. | Spool of copper wire and one of soft iron wire. |
| 17. | Full set of electric-light bulbs. |
| 18. | Bag of clean waste or rags. |
| 19. | Two blocks of wood, 6″ × 12″ × 1″. |
| 20. | Full set of fuses—if fuses are used. |
| 21. | Folding pail. |
| 22. | Chain tool and several cross links. |
The nuts, cap screws, washers, and cotter pins of regular assortmentand packed in boxes are carried by supply stores. These and severalof the other articles may be packed in a cigar box for stowing away. | |
CHAPTER VI
IF WELL “SLICKED” THE ENGINE RUNS
If we scuff our feet on the bare pavement we wear out our shoes, develop a lot of heat, and notice considerable resistance; but if we step on a banana peel, a piece of ice, or a patch of oil or grease, our passage is facilitated, and our feet are likely to slide out from under us and we sit down with little effort. Now this is just like the auto engine. If the parts were all made perfect and fitted together properly and the engine started without lubrication, there would be so much friction that the parts would very quickly wear out.
As a matter of fact an engine could be wrecked in less than half an hour’s running, unless there were something introduced to prevent friction.
The lubrication of the modern auto engine is so simple that most owners do not realize its importance. It is the things which normally take care of themselves that are most likely to be neglected; the things about which we know the least, when they do go wrong, cause the greatest damage, not the things with which we have become familiar through frequent tinkering.
The instruction books issued by the manufacturers say to inspect the oil reservoir of the engine each time before leaving the garage to see if the required amount of oil is there; and this inspection should not be neglected; with most owners it is “by guess and begorry.”
The most usual scheme of engine lubrication used to-day is to carry a certain amount of oil in a compartment in the bottom of the crank case, called the sump. There is a pump which operates whenever the engine is running and which pumps the oil to some sort of an indicator on the dash, so that the driver can see if it is circulating. From this point it flows by gravity to the splash pans located under the connecting rods, and above the sump. Here the oil is held at such a level that when the crank shaft revolves the ends of the connecting rods dip into the oil and splash it over practically all the working parts of the engine. This splashing and agitation of the oil creates a fog of oil in the crank case, and the rapid motion of the piston and other parts circulates the vaporized oil over the moving members, so that a film of oil is deposited even on those parts where the splash itself does not reach.
Courtesy of Tide Water Oil Co.
SECTIONAL VIEWS OF A FOUR-CYLINDER ENGINE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PARTS CONNECTED WITH LUBRICATION