CHAP.PAGE
I.[HISTORY OF THE GAS ENGINE]1
II.[THE WORKING PRINCIPLES OF THE GAS ENGINE]13
III.[DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING GAS ENGINES]23
IV.[CARBURETTED AIR ENGINE]67
V.[PETROLEUM ENGINES]77
VI.[GAS GENERATING PLANT]103
VII.[ENGINES FOR USE WITH POOR GASES]121
VIII.[MAINTENANCE OF GAS AND OIL ENGINES]130
[INDEX]139

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

FIG.PAGE
1.[Early Lenoir Motor]24
2.[Bisschop Motor]25
3.[Bénier Motor]27
4.[Forest Motor]28
5.[Plan of Dugald-Clerk Engine]30
6.[Benz Gas Engine]32
7.[Otto Gas Engine]35
8.[ ” ” ” (vertical type)]38
9.[Lenoir Gas Engine]39
10.[Koerting-Boulet Motor]40
11.[Niel Gas Engine]44
12.[Martini Motor]45
13.[Lablin Three-cylinder Motor]46
14.[Crossley Gas Engine (X type)]47
15.[Crossley Gas Engine]48
16.[Pygmée Gas Engine]50
17.[National Gas Engine]52
18-19.[De Forest Gas Engines]54
20.[De Forest Double Piston Motor]54
21.[Diagram of Atkinson Mechanism]58
22.[Section of Charon Motor]58
23.[Charon Motor]59
24.[Roger Vertical Gas Engine]60
25.[Vertical Gas Engine of the Compagnie Parisienne du Gaz]62
26.[Maurice Motor (de Cadiot)]64
27.[Durand Carburetted Air Motor]72
28.[De Dion Motor Tricycle]75
29. [Campbell Oil Engine]81
30.[Section of Grob Motor]83
31.[Exterior View of Grob Oil Motor]84
32.[Capitaine Gas Engine]86
33.[Horizontal “Balance” Motor (Capitaine)]87
34.[Capitaine Two-cylinder Gas Engine]88
35.[Hornsby-Akroyd Oil Engine (section)]91
36.[Exterior View of Hornsby-Akroyd Oil Engine]92
37-38.[Sections of Ragot Petroleum Engine]94
39.[Carburator of Ragot Oil Engine]96
40.[Crossley-Holt Petroleum Engine]99
41-42.[Griffin Oil Engine]101
43.[Dowson Gas-producing Plant]110
44.[Taylor Gas-producing Plant]114
45.[Simplex Gas Engine (Delamare-Deboutteville)]123
46-47.[Governor of Simplex Engine]123
48.[Combined Simplex Engine and Buire-Lencauchez Gas-producer]124
49-50.[Bénier Engine and Gas Plant (sectional plan and elevation)]face p. 127
51.[Section of Simplex Gas-producing Plant]135
52.[Agricultural Oil Locomotive]137

GAS AND PETROLEUM ENGINES

CHAPTER I
HISTORY OF THE GAS ENGINE

The history of gas engines may be said to date from a time when coal gas and petroleum were unknown. This statement appears at first somewhat paradoxical, but it arises from the fact that the first gas engine, invented by the Abbé de Hautefeuille in 1678, used the explosive force of gunpowder as a motive power. The principle of this early gas engine, however, is exactly the same as that of its more modern brothers; that is, the work is done by the expansion and cooling of a volume of heated gas, the only difference being that gunpowder contains within its grains the oxygen necessary for its combustion, while coal gas or petroleum require admixture with the oxygen of the air before they can be made to explode.