- 1. F. Parrot, 1829. Started from the monastery of St. Jacob (chasm of Akhury) and made the ascent by the north-western slope.
- 2. K. Spasky-Avtonomoff, 1834. From Akhury.
- 3. Herrmann Abich, 1845. From Sardar Bulakh.
- 4. H. D. Seymour, 1845. (From New Akhury?).
- 5. J. Khodzko, N. V. Khanikoff, and others, 1850. From Sardar Bulakh.
- 6. R. Stuart and others, 1856. From Bayazid.
- 7. J. Bryce, 1876. From Sardar Bulakh.
- 8. G. P. Baker, 1878. From Sardar Bulakh.
- 9. Sivoloboff, 1882.
- 10. E. Markoff, 1888. From Sardar Bulakh.
- 11. Semenoff, 1888 (?).
- 12. Raphalovich and others, 1889. From Sardar Bulakh.
- 13. T. G. Allen and W. L. Sachtleben (1892?). From Bayazid.
- 14. Postukhoff, 1893. From Sardar Bulakh.
- 15. H. B. Lynch, H. F. B. Lynch, and Rudolph Taugwalder, 1893. From Sardar Bulakh.
[1] The readings on the prismatic compass were 310° and 105° respectively. [↑]
[2] Sophocles, Œdipus at Colonus, l. 610 seq. [↑]
[3] Abich, Besteigung des Ararat, in Baer and Helmersen’s Beiträge zur Kenntniss des Russischen Reiches, St. Petersburg, 1849, vol. xiii. p. 63. He supports this suggestion by the fact that neither Parrot nor Spasky Avtonomoff mentions the existence of such a fissure. But whether you may be able to see any trace of it or not must depend upon the state of the snow. [↑]
[4] Tournefort, Voyage du Levant, Paris, 1717, vol. ii. pp. 357 seq. See also Ritter, Erdkunde, vol. x. p. 507. [↑]
[5] I refer my reader to the works of Tournefort (already cited), Parrot (Reise zum Ararat, Berlin, 1834), and Dubois de Montpéreux (Voyage autour du Caucase, Paris, 1839–45, vol. iii.). [↑]
[6] The measurements are my own. Dubois speaks of Akhury as being five leagues distant from the Kara Su. [↑]