Van, Lake (Thospitis, Arsene, Arethusa, Areesa or Arsissa), ii. 39–53.
Fluctuations in level, 47–53.
Analyses of water, 468.
How known in the Assyrian inscriptions, 58.
Elevation, 43, 394.
Area, 39.
Character of the scenery about its shores, 31–36, 116, 279, 281, 282, 300, 325, 327, 338

Vanand, Province (Kars), i. 396

Vanik Cape, Lake Van, ii. 141

Varag, Mt., ii. 36, 38, 39, 64, 111, 113 ([Fig. 135]), 282, 401.
Cloister on, see Yedi Kilisa

Vardzia, troglodyte city of remote antiquity, i. 80,
believed to have been the favourite residence of Queen Thamar of Georgia, visited and described, i. 80–84

Varzahan, ancient Armenian village in the plain of the Chorokh, ii. 233,
with ruins of three fine buildings, ibid.

Vaspurakan, ancient Armenian province of which Van was the capital. The seat of the Artsruni dynasty during the Middle Ages, i. 337–364, ii. 117 note 1

Vavuk Mt. and Pass, i. 430, ii. 234, 235, 240, 243, 402

Verthanes, katholikos, eldest son of St. Gregory, i. 303

Vladikars, colony of Russian sectaries, Molokans, near Kars, i. 410