THE OUTLINE OF HISTORY

¶ Mr. WELLS has also written the following novels:
LOVE AND MR. LEWISHAM
KIPPS
MR. POLLY
THE WHEELS OF CHANCE
THE NEW MACHIAVELLI
ANN VERONICA
TONO BUNGAY
MARRIAGE
BEALBY
THE PASSIONATE FRIENDS
THE WIFE OF SIR ISAAC HARMAN
THE RESEARCH MAGNIFICENT
MR. BRITLING SEES IT THROUGH
THE SOUL OF A BISHOP
JOAN AND PETER
THE UNDYING FIRE
¶ The following fantastic and imaginative romances:
THE WAR OF THE WORLDS
THE TIME MACHINE
THE WONDERFUL VISIT
THE ISLAND OF DR. MOREAU
THE SEA LADY
THE SLEEPER AWAKES
THE FOOD OF THE GODS
THE WAR IN THE AIR
THE FIRST MEN IN THE MOON
IN THE DAYS OF THE COMET
THE WORLD SET FREE
And numerous Short Stories now collected in One Volume under thetitle of
THE COUNTRY OF THE BLIND
¶ A Series of books on Social, Religious, and Political questions:
ANTICIPATIONS (1900)
MANKIND IN THE MAKING
FIRST AND LAST THINGS
NEW WORLDS FOR OLD
A MODERN UTOPIA
THE FUTURE IN AMERICA
AN ENGLISHMAN LOOKS AT THE
WORLD
WHAT IS COMING?
WAR AND THE FUTURE
IN THE FOURTH YEAR
GOD THE INVISIBLE KING
¶ And two little books about children’s play, called
FLOOR GAMES and LITTLE WARS

THE OUTLINE OF
HISTORY

Being a Plain History of Life and Mankind
BY
H. G. WELLS
WRITTEN WITH THE ADVICE AND EDITORIAL HELP OF
MR. ERNEST BARKER,
SIR H. H. JOHNSTON, SIR E. RAY LANKESTER
AND PROFESSOR GILBERT MURRAY
AND ILLUSTRATED BY
J. F. HORRABIN
VOLUME II
New York
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
1920
All rights reserved
Copyright, 1920,
By THE MACMILLAN COMPANY.
By H. G. WELLS.
Set up and electrotyped. Published November, 1920.
NORWOOD PRESS
J. S. Cushing Co.—Berwick & Smith Co.
Norwood, Mass., U.S.A.

SCHEME OF CONTENTS

[BOOK VI]
(Continued)
PAGE
[Chapter XXXII.] Muhammad and Arab Islam
§ 1.Arabia before Muhammad[1]
§ 2.Life of Muhammad to the Hegira[4]
§ 3.Muhammad becomes a fighting prophet[8]
§ 4.The teachings of Islam[14]
§ 5.The caliphs Abu Bekr and Omar[16]
§ 6.The great days of the Omayyads[22]
§ 7.The decay of Islam under the Abbasids[31]
§ 8.The intellectual life of Arab Islam[34]
[Chapter XXXIII.] Christendom and the Crusades
§ 1.The Western world at its lowest ebb[40]
§ 2.The feudal system[42]
§ 3.The Frankish kingdom of the Merovingians[46]
§ 4.The Christianization of the western barbarians[48]
§ 5.Charlemagne becomes emperor of the West[54]
§ 6.The personality of Charlemagne[59]
§ 7.The French and the Germans become distinct[61]
§ 8.The Normans, the Saracens, the Hungarians, and the Seljuk Turks[64]
§ 9.How Constantinople appealed to Rome[72]
§ 10.The Crusades[76]
§ 11.The Crusades a test of Christianity[84]
§ 12.The Emperor Frederick II[86]
§ 13.Defects and limitations of the papacy[90]
§ 14.A list of leading Popes[96]
[BOOK VII]
THE GREAT MONGOL EMPIRES OF THE LAND WAYSAND THE NEW EMPIRES OF THE SEA WAYS
[Chapter XXXIV.] The Great Empire of Jengis Khan and hisSuccessors
§ 1.Asia at the end of the twelfth century[105]
§ 2.The rise and victories of the Mongols[108]
§ 3.The travels of Marco Polo[114]
§ 4.The Ottoman Turks, the Turkish Caliph, and Constantinople[120]
§ 5.Why the Mongols were not Christianized[126]
§ 5A.Kublai Khan founds the Yuan Dynasty[127]
§ 5B.The Mongols revert to tribalism[128]
§ 5C.The Kipchak empire and the Tsar of Muscovy[128]
§ 5D.Timurlane[130]
§ 5E.The Mongol empire of India[133]
§ 5F.The Mongols and the Gipsies[137]
[Chapter XXXV.] The Renascence of Western Civilization
§ 1.Christianity and popular education[139]
§ 2.Europe begins to think for itself[148]
§ 3.The Great Plague and the dawn of communism[153]
§ 4.How paper liberated the human mind[158]
§ 5.Protestantism of the princes and Protestantism of the peoples[160]
§ 6.The reawakening of science[167]
§ 7.The new growth of European towns[177]
§ 8.America comes into history[184]
§ 9.What Machiavelli thought of the world[194]
§ 10.The republic of Switzerland[198]
§ 11A.The life of the Emperor Charles V[199]
§ 11B.Protestants if the prince wills it[210]
§ 11C.The intellectual under-tow[210]
[BOOK VIII]
THE AGE OF THE GREAT POWERS
[Chapter XXXVI.] Princes, Parliaments, and Powers
§ 1.Princes and foreign policy[213]
§ 2.The English republic[218]
§ 3.The Dutch republic[228]
§ 4.The break-up and disorder of Germany[232]
§ 5.The splendours of Grand Monarchy in Europe[236]
§ 6.The growth of the idea of Great Powers[243]
§ 7.The crowned republic of Poland and its fate[248]
§ 8.The first scramble for empire overseas[251]
§ 9.Britain dominates India[254]
§ 10.Russia’s ride to the Pacific[259]
§ 11.What Gibbon thought of the world in 1780[262]
§ 12.The social truce draws to an end[269]
[Chapter XXXVII.] The New Democratic Republics of Americaand France
§ 1.Inconveniences of the Great Power system[278]
§ 2.The thirteen colonies before their revolt[280]
§ 3.Civil war is forced upon the colonies[286]
§ 4.The War of Independence[291]
§ 5.The constitution of the United States[294]
§ 6.Primitive features of the United States constitution[301]
§ 7.Revolutionary ideas in France[307]
§ 8.The Revolution of the year 1789[311]
§ 9.The French “crowned republic” of ’89-’91[313]
§ 10.The Revolution of the Jacobins[321]
§ 11.The Jacobin republic, 1792-4[331]
§ 12.The Directory[337]
§ 13.The pause in reconstruction and the dawn of modern Socialism[339]
[Chapter XXXVIII.] The Career of Napoleon Bonaparte
§ 1.The Buonaparte family in Corsica[348]
§ 2.Bonaparte as a republican general[349]
§ 3.Napoleon First Consul, 1799-1804[354]
§ 4.Napoleon I Emperor, 1804-1814[360]
§ 5.The Hundred Days[368]
§ 6.The cult of the Napoleonic[373]
§ 7.The map of Europe in 1815[377]
[Chapter XXXIX.] The Realities and Imagination of the NineteenthCentury. The Increase of Knowledge and ClearThinking. The Nationalist Phase
§ 1.The mechanical revolution[384]
§ 2.Relation of the mechanical to the industrial revolution[393]
§ 3.The fermentation of ideas, 1848[399]
§ 4.The development of the idea of Socialism[401]
§ 5.Shortcomings of Socialism as a scheme of human society[411]
§ 6.How Darwinism affected religious and political ideas[416]
§ 7.Mr. Gladstone and the idea of Nationalism[426]
§ 8.Europe between 1848 and 1878[436]
§ 9.The (second) scramble for overseas empires[449]
§ 10.The Indian precedent in Asia[461]
§ 11.The history of Japan[464]
§ 12.Close of the period of overseas expansion[469]
§ 13.The British Empire in 1914[470]
[Chapter XL.] The International Catastrophe of 1914 and theClose of the Great Power Period
§ 1.The armed peace before the Great War[475]
§ 2.Imperial Germany[477]
§ 3.The spirit of Imperialism in Britain and Ireland[486]
§ 4.Imperialism in France, Italy, and the Balkans[499]
§ 5.Russia still a Grand Monarchy in 1914[502]
§ 6.The United States and the Imperial idea[503]
§ 7.The immediate causes of the Great War[508]
§ 8.A summary of the Great War up to 1917[513]
§ 9.The Great War from the Russian collapse to the armistice[524]
§ 10.The political, economic, and social disorganization caused bythe Great War[532]
§ 11.President Wilson and the problems of Versailles[543]
§ 12.Summary of the first Covenant of the League of Nations[558]
§ 13.A general outline of the treaties of 1919 and 1920[562]
§ 14.A forecast of the “next war”[567]
§ 15.The state of men’s minds in 1920[572]
[BOOK IX]
THE NEXT STAGE IN HISTORY
[Chapter XLI.] Man’s Coming of Age. The Probable Strugglefor the Unification of the World into one Communityof Knowledge and Will
§ 1.The possible unification of men’s wills in political matters[579]
§ 2.How a Federal World Government may come about[583]
§ 3.Some fundamental characteristics of a modern world state[586]
§ 4.What this world might be like, were men united in a commonpeace and justice[588]
§ 5.The stages beyond?[594]
[Five Time Charts of the World’s Affairs from B.C. 1000 to A.D. 1920][599]
[A Chronological Table from 800 B.C. to A.D. 1920][605]
[Index]: [A],[B],[C],[D],[E],[F],[G],[H],[I],[J],[K],[L],[M],[N],[O],[P],[Q],[R],[S],[T],[U],[V],[W],[X],[Y],[Z][625]

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE
Arabia and Adjacent Countries[2]
The Beginnings of Moslem Power[19]
The Growth of Moslem Power in 25 Years[23]
The Moslem Empire[25]
Europe, 500 A.D.[44]
Frankish Dominions in the Time of Charles Martel[45]
England, 640 A.D.[49]
England, 878 A.D.[52]
Europe at the Death of Charlemagne[55]
France at the Close of the 10th Century[65]
Empire of Otto the Great[68]
The Coming of the Seljuks (Map)[70]
The First Crusade (Map)[77]
Europe and Asia, 1200[107]
Empire of Jengis Khan, 1227[111]
Travels of Marco Polo[115]
Ottoman Empire before 1453[123]
Ottoman Empire, 1566[125]
Empire of Timurlane[131]
Europe at the Fall of Constantinople[141]
“We have the payne....” John Bull’s Speech[155]
Ignatius of Loyola[164]
European Trade Routes in the 14th Century[183]
The Chief Voyages of Exploration up to 1522[191]
Mexico and Peru[192]
Switzerland[198]
Europe in the Time of Charles V[201]
Martin Luther[203]
Francis I[204]
Henry VIII[206]
Charles V[207]
Central Europe, 1648[233]
Louis XIV[237]
The Partitions of Poland[250]
Britain, France, and Spain in America, 1750[255]
Chief Foreign Settlements in India, 17th Century[256]
India in 1750[260]
American Colonies, 1760[283]
Boston in 1775[292]
The United States in 1790[295]
The United States Showing Dates of the Chief Territorial Extensions[299]
Benjamin Franklin[303]
George Washington[304]
The Flight to Varennes (Map)[322]
North Eastern Frontier of France, 1792[330]
Napoleon’s Egyptian Campaign[352]
Napoleon as Emperor[360]
Tsar Alexander I[362]
Napoleon’s Empire, 1810[365]
The Trail of Napoleon[369]
Europe after the Congress of Vienna[379]
The Natural Political Map of Europe[383]
Mr. Gladstone[427]
Tribal Gods of the 19th Century[434]
Map of Europe, 1848-1871[439]
Italy, 1861[441]
Bismarck[443]
The Balkans, 1878[448]
Comparative Maps of Asia under Different Projections[450]
The British Empire in 1815[452]
Africa in the Middle of 19th Century[458]
Africa, 1914[459]
Japan and the East Coast of Asia[468]
Overseas Empires of European Powers, 1914[474]
Emperor William II[482]
Ireland[491]
The Balkan States, 1913[501]
The Original German Plan, 1914[514]
The Western Front, 1915-18[517]
Time Chart of the Great War, 1914-18[528-29]
President Wilson[551]
M. Clemenceau[552]
Mr. Lloyd George[553]
Germany after the Peace Treaty, 1919[561]
The Turkish Treaty, 1920[563]
The Break-up of Austria-Hungary[565]
Time-chart 1000 B.C.-300 B.C.[599]
Time-chart 400 B.C.-A.D. 300[600]
Time-chart A.D. 200-A.D. 900[601]
Time-chart A.D. 800-A.D. 1500[602]
Time-chart A.D. 1220-A.D. 1920[603]