[56] All Old World peoples who had entered upon the Neolithic stage grew and ate wheat, but the American Indians must have developed agriculture independently in America after their separation from the Old World populations. They never had wheat. Their cultivation was maize, Indian corn, a new-world grain.
[57] Poultry and hens’ eggs were late additions to the human cuisine, in spite of the large part they now play in our dietary. The hen is not mentioned in the Old Testament (but note the allusion to an egg, Job vi, 6) nor by Homer. Up to about 1300 B.C. the only fowls in the world were jungle denizens in India and Burmah. The crowing of jungle cocks is noted by Glasfurd in his admirable accounts of tiger shooting as the invariable preliminary of dawn in the Indian jungle. Probably poultry were first domesticated in Burmah. They got to China, according to the records, only about 1100 B.C. They reached Greece via Persia before the time of Socrates. In the New Testament the crowing of the cock reproaches Peter for his desertion of the Master.
[58] Later Palæolithic bone whistles are known. One may guess that reed pipes were an early invention.
[59] In addition to authorities already cited, we have used for this and the following chapters Lord Avebury’s Prehistoric Times, Schrader and Jevons’ Prehistoric Antiquities of the Aryan Peoples, and A. H. Keane’s Man Past and Present.
[60] Among other books we have used Jukes Browne’s Building of the British Isles.
[61] The Quaternary Ice Age.
[62] Our treatment of this chapter is written for the general reader and is broad and general. But the student who wishes to go more thoroughly into the development of the civilized mentality out of the elements of the primitive human mind should read and study very carefully that very illuminating book, Jung’s Psychology of the Unconscious (English translation by Beatrice M. Hinckle), and especially the opening two chapters. That book is a most important contribution to the mental history of mankind.
[63] J. J. Atkinson’s Primal Law.
[64] See Sir J. G. Frazer, Belief in Immortality.
[65] Glasfurd’s Rifle and Romance in the Indian Jungle, 1915.