[409] Rise of the Dutch Republic.
[410] See his fragment of autobiography (The Autobiography of Edward Gibbon, edited by John Murray).
[411] Frederick the Great of Prussia.
[412] Catherine the Great of Russia.
[413] Louis XVI of France and Charles III of Spain.
[414] Gibbon forgets here that cannon and the fundamentals of modern military method came to Europe with the Mongols.
[415] See for the expansion of the topics of this section, Hammond’s Town Labourer, Village Labourer, and Skilled Labourer. These three books are too little known to the general reader. They are not dry-as-dust compilations of statistics, but full of interesting matter and delightfully well written.
[416] “Our present public school system is candidly based on training a dominant master class. But the uprising of the workers and modern conditions are rapidly making the dominant method unworkable.... The change in the aim of schools will transform all the organizations and methods of schools, and my belief is that this change will make the new era.”—F. W. Sanderson, Head Master of Oundle, in an address at Leeds, February 16, 1920.
[417] The student who looks up the Encyclopædia Britannica, article “Goldsmith,” instead of going to the poem itself, will find some hostile comments thereon which are themselves now literature and history; they were written by Lord Macaulay (1800-59).
[418] Channing’s excellent new History of the United States to vol. iv. has been our handbook here.